7069SOH Healthcare Assignment 2024

Introduction and context 

Overview of health systems

The National health system has been evolved in UK, which has become consider as one of the largest health care systems across global world. The nations provide the best quality of healthcare services to their residents, it’s all about 50-millions of people (Alfano et. al. 2019). In most of cases, healthcare system will be covered the free service according to the requirements. Based on the research, it has found that 18% of people income tax goes towards healthcare systems (Koeman & Mehdipanah, 2021). Sometimes, it is about 4.5% of average income of citizen. In UK, 8.5% of product uses in the health system.

The National Health Service (NHS) was established in 1946 and also responsible for maintaining a public health services in UK. This kind of services was generally available to the wealth and provide the free treatment services in different hospitals. According to the National Insurance act 1911, it has been deducted the small amount from an employee’s wages and in return they were provided the free healthcare services. However, it also implementing the scheme to give a better treatment service for employees in the workplace.

 NHS can perform a significant role in the decision-making process. It is always used the advance technology for purpose of treatment. By considering workforce planning, talent management and human resource areas, it can be improving the great treatment facilities. In most of case, it takes some important decision regarding treatment.

The health care system of UK is one of the best efficient across global world, as per study of different industrialized nations. During covid-19, UK has performed well in term of healthcare services. Sometimes, it came to the excellent quality of safe care and treatment. UK is one of the power countries and ranked first in healthcare services (Almeda et. al. 2019). On regular basis, UK government was measured the health systems by examining the total spending on healthcare as total percentage of GDP. In regards to access the health care: – The UK government is waiting for long-times in the context of medical care and also drive the non-emergency access.

In the health systems, National Health Service provider’s focused on three important areas: –

• Priority setting and decision-making process- This can support to the health service provider to find the best solution and generate accurate result on the basis of strategic settings
• Workforce planning and development- It is important to identify workforce planning approaches such as training development. It can be used the different equipment’s like hardware, software, training portals.
• Human resource & talent management – HR department plays an important role to find the talented people through talent management approach (Dillal. 2021). This is why because it helps to influence more people where they can show their expertise, skilled.

Key demographic and health data

Based on the research, it has examined that 40%-46% of UK populations satisfied with medical service of NHS. On regular basis, it has been estimated the significant role of NHS providers and spending 10% of GDP. In this way, it has been identified the importance aspects of NHS in UK. On the basis of demographic information or data, 20% of electronic system or tool used by NHS to maintain and control healthcare services (Birch et. al. 2020). According to the health act 2009, it has been established NHS constitution and brings together the specific principles of NHS in England.

United Kingdom is growing the private health system that is consider as an important aspect in term of public sector. Since 1980s, it has developed the current trends of health care expenditure and also compare with percentage rate of GDP. In 1999, it was increasing the percentage rate from 10% to 16%.

Figure: 1 Financial Performance of different nations

(Source: Financial Performance Management, 2018)

Moreover, health systems must adopt the innovation in the medical treatment services. In this way, it has been putting into effect as one of the important changes for National Health Service in recent time. Health care professionals are playing an important role to fulfil all essential need or requirement for patients (Coffey et. al. 2019). Based on the market analysis, it was measured the independent enterprises that were managed and controlled the business processes. The National Health Service plan promises to gather more information and power for patients. It provides the best quality of health care services to improve facilities or services.

Figure: 2 The National health services

(Source: The National health services in UK, 2016)

As per conducting research, it has been examined the range of advanced medical treatment options for patients in UK. This can possible by implementation of electronic health record idea (Gunasekeran et. al. 2021). It supports to measure the actual performance of national health services. According to the figure-2, it has been analysed that increasing the rate of GDP in United Kingdom every year.

Workforce planning, human resources and talent management

Workforce planning is based on the approach which is focused by NHS (National health services) to increase the treatment facilities and services. Human resources play an important role in workforce planning, they are helping to fulfil all essential need or requirement for staff members, patients. NHS use the workforce strategic plan that help to provide facilities of equipment’s, diagnosis machinery. Another way, human resource will create a proper budget and then use advanced new technology.

Talent management is based on the concept in which support for identifying skilled, talented staff members who can easily handle medical treatment services. NHS provider is also used the talent management approach to improve skill and expertise for individuals.

Key areas of resource planning and management in health system

Resource planning and management is the most important component in the health care. It is emerging as the discipline to establish an integration with healthcare delivery process. Generally, it should be considered essential resources such as information, people, money, equipment’s and fixed assets.

Figure: 4 Resource planning in health care system

(Source: managing health system resilience, 2020)

The resource planning is mainly depending on the workforce, decision-making process and essential equipment’s. Therefore, it helps to meet the expectation level of patients. National Health Service (NHS) is adopting the innovative concept in health systems that help to reduce the price or cost. Before planning, it is an essential aspect to use an effective strategic approach and identify strength or weakness of current health systems (Marino & Quattrone, 2019). For example- healthcare professionals such as nurses, doctors and specialists. These are focused on the mental health condition of patient’s and give an option within treatment facilities (Crane et. al. 2021). At that time, it should be performed as workforce planning which means that hire, recruit an efficient people who have ability to handle critical condition. In most of cases, NHS in staff members is adopting the multi-professionals approach to enhance the medical services. Main aim of service provider is to reduce the treatment price or cost.

Strength and weakness of key areas

In the context of priority-setting and decision-making process, the strength is to establish a strong relation to use of electronic record system during medical emergency. In this way, it will be creating a scope of stakeholder involvement in the decision-making process (McDermott et. al. 2019). The disadvantage is that process of decision-making should be considered limited resources to improve UK population health.

The strength of workforce planning and management is to develop skills and retaining talented people, who can easily handle complex health care services. The weakness is that include lot of expenses, time and always dedicate to the extra training or improvement.

The strength of human resource and talent management will be changing the health systems, and always try to acknowledge all essential resources such as medical kit, equipment’s. The weakness is difficult to manage and handle modern technology during treatment services.

Recommendation for improvement 

There are certain areas where it is essential for NHS to improve its service, such recommendations can be categorised in following three main sectors:

Priority and decision-making: It is suggested to the service provider to implement new innovative concept in health system. It will assist them in minimising the cost of service. Further, NHS should also consider all aspects to use an effective strategic approach before planning.

Workforce planning and development: As employees are the most important asset in the service provider sector, it is recommended to NHS in improving their workforce planning. In this regard, NHS can implement different recruiting strategies and start providing efficient training and developing to the employees.

Human resource & talent management: In order to recruit the talent employees that can provide satisfying service to the patient, it is suggested to NHS in hiring the right people through underlying and gathering the data required to make strategic business decision.

1Purpose, smart objective and strategic analysis

Purpose

Within health systems, it is focused on the improvement areas and also implementing strategic idea to enhance the National health services in UK.

Smart objective

• To enhance the health systems by using appropriate policies and procedures in term of resource planning or management.
• To determine the specific requirements of health care systems
• To conduct research process and identifying the better health outcomes
• To use the electronic health record system and identify the critical condition of patients.

Strategic priorities

In recently, it has been changing the strategic priorities in term of health systems. NHS (National Health Service) is always selecting the best electronic tool or platform that provides excellent quality of services (Price et. al. 2019). Nowadays, it has been increased the demand of advanced technologies to predict the cause of disease. NHS can use the electronic based diagnoses equipment to find the better result or outcome.

Figure: 3 The strategic priority process

(Source: The strategic priority, 2020)

On the other hand, medical professionals are using electronic health record system to keep maintain up-to-date information in the database. In future, it can easily access by medical practitioners. The strategic priority is nothing a way to collect health related information. That’s why, NHS focuses on the record all essential information of patients such as medical history (Qian et. al. 2021). National Health Service providers are giving the best training opportunity for staff members to use advanced technologies. The right way to handle the equipment’s are necessary in current scenario because everyone wants a right information immediately.

Pestle analysis

• Political – It provide the human right for individuals related to health care facilities or services.
• Economic – The interest rate, exchange rate is considered the important factors to increase the taxes on health care services.
• Social – Many clients can attract towards the talent technique and try to change their life style. in regular basis, it can engage with health practitioners and identify current health condition (Haldorai al. 2021).
• Technological – The use of advanced technology will increase the performance and efficiency of medical treatment.
• Legal – Health care practitioner will follow a legislation to maintain patient safety and privacy.
• Environmental – To develop a flexible environment by health care experts where patient feel free to engage with specialist.

Swot analysis

2). Cost benefit, options analysis

Benefits

Based on the evidence, health care professionals are taking more advantage or benefit from modern technologies, which is mainly used in the emergency services. The financial benefit is related to the performance and efficiency of health systems. In recent times, it has already increased the demand of advanced technologies such as automation, big data (Rough et. al. 2021). For example- NHS focuses on investing money on the electronic health record system. It is the most commonly used platform to record information (Richter & Schlieter, 2019). If in case, NHS use e-tool or platform to gain higher profit rate. In this way, it automatically increasing the production and sales of health care systems in marketplace. NHS is also improving the advance technical facilities and display better result or outcome.

The financial benefits are providing to the medical staff members, including rewards, allowances, incentives, job security and bonuses. These kinds of financial benefits are motivating or inspiring the health care professionals to increase the performance and efficiency in health services. Apart from that, non-financial benefits are related to the appreciation, recognition and caring attitude.

Options

In the context of health systems, the health service provider like NHS, give an option for professionals regarding appraisal. It means that provide the appreciation and increase salary according to the performance in hospitals. This is the most common thing that need to be adopted by health care organisations.

In UK, health service providers are concerned about the appraisal facilities because it is one of the best influential elements. It is always inspiring and motivating the health professionals to perform their task efficiently (Seethala & Keller, 2020). Whenever, health professionals have performed different tasks on daily basis. But at some point, it is not easy to handle complex activities. In this way, it is an essential aspect to give the best appraisal benefits for health care staff members. Therefore, health practitioners can fulfil all essential demands.

Costs

Based on the evidence, it is the most important thing to use modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, 3-D printing devices and immune-therapy. These are considered the best health innovative equipment’s, which is mainly used by NHS in UK. If in case, it is implementing health management tool to record relevant information (Wood, 2021). The most importantly, National Health Service is always trying to take care of costs or prices. Therefore, health care practitioners will be achieved the desirable goals or objectives.

The recurrent costs are considered the prices for maintaining as well as operating a specific programme in health services. Generally, it should start problem in recurrent cost in health care resources (Ammar & Mardini, 2021). If in case, it has found a lack of resources, shortage of funds. It is directly affecting on the health services. According to the survey, it has been estimated the recurrent unit price per case patient’s cases. Other kind of treatment in primary hospitals 80% and health centre 86% (Skipworth et. al. 2020). In 2012,` it was estimated the cost per year of NHS 128. A majority of recurrent price were applied for supplement, medicines. Apart from that, it is also identified the major uncomplicated situation if in case it may reduce the cost as compare to another health centres.

Non-recurrent closing price or cost are defined as paid once and never again included in the different health care policies (Jensen et. al. 2021). According to the requirement, it will be changed the recurrent costs and provide different medical insurance facilities or services.

3. Risk identification and measurement

Risks

Conclusion 

In above analysis, it has concluded that increasing the demand of advanced modern technologies in health systems. On the basis of discussion, it also identified the importance of resource planning and management. In this report, it has focused on three different areas: – workforce planning, human resources talent management and decision-making. These are important areas in health systems which needed to improve in proper manner. Furthermore, it has been identified risks in NHS (National Health Service) related to the political, legal and IT. As per implementing a mitigation strategy to reduce or minimise the level of risks or threats in health systems.

Moreover, it is also identified the strength and weakness of different key areas in resource planning or management.  It outlined the significant of healthcare system but it also needed to select right approach in term of health system improvement. That’s why, this report has summarised about the innovative idea like using an electronic health record tool or platform. In this way, it promotes the demand of technologies in health care system.

Limitation of approach

As per analysis, it has found the use of modern technique such as electronic health record tool or platform. It would be considered as great opportunity in health care system but there are some limitations to use advance technique in health systems.

The potential risk for data or information to be accessed by unauthorised person. Whether, it is intentionally or not. Sometimes, it would be increased the chances of malicious threats. In this way, it is important thing to protect or secure health system in proper manner.

Skills required for health leaders that impact on finance and workforce  

In health care system, a leaders can make an important decision that is always support for re-shaping in UK. A skilled health leader is helping team members to perform various operations and functions. Sometimes, leaders also recognised that how advance technique supports in the medical services (Wanigarathna et. al. 2019). As per analysis, it has been identified different skills, which required for health leaders because it is directly impact on the both workforce as well as finance.

• Emotional Intelligence- This kind of skill will support for leader to enhance their ability and also recognise physical, unwanted steps in the coordination of staff members and patients (Hailu al. 2021). A great leader is always trying to establish a positive culture or environment for patients.
• Technological Management- This type of skill is helping to the leaders where they can easily use advance technology and also improved the operations, decision-making process (David al.2021). By using technological management skill, a leader can use essential resources to improve the productivity and profitability of organisation. Sometimes, it is also consulting with other practitioners regarding the better treatment services.
• Relationship development- As per giving the major support to the patient’s, it is important aspect to build a strong professional and personal relationship. This is important to develop a mutual understanding between employees and patients. In most of cases, health care leaders associated with other health staff members to accomplish a goals or objectives. A strong connection helps to build a network and improve the reputation of health systems.

References

Book and Journals

Alfano, C. M., Jefford, M., Maher, J., Birken, S. A., & Mayer, D. K. (2019). Building personalized cancer follow-up care pathways in the United States: lessons learned from implementation in England, Northern Ireland, and Australia. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. 39. 625-639.

Almeda, N., García-Alonso, C. R., Salinas-Pérez, J. A., Gutiérrez-Colosía, M. R., & Salvador-Carulla, L. (2019). Causal modelling for supporting planning and management of mental health services and systems: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 16(3). 332.

Ammar, S., & Mardini, G. H. (2021). Enterprise resource planning enabling segmental information reporting practices of UK‐FTSE 100. Accounting & Finance. 61(1). 1205-1237.

Birch, S., Gibson, J., & McBride, A. (2020). Opportunities for, and implications of, skill mix changes in health care pathways: Pay, productivity and practice variations in a needs-based planning framework. Social Science & Medicine. 250. 112863.

Coffey, M., Hannigan, B., Barlow, S., Cartwright, M., Cohen, R., Faulkner, A., … & Simpson, A. (2019). Recovery-focused mental health care planning and co-ordination in acute inpatient mental health settings: a cross national comparative mixed methods study. BMC psychiatry. 19(1). 1-18.

Crane, M., Lloyd, S., Haines, A., Ding, D., Hutchinson, E., Belesova, K., … & Turcu, C. (2021). Transforming cities for sustainability: A health perspective. Environment international. 147. 106366.

David, J., Berenblum Tobi, C., Kennedy, S., Jofriet, A., Huwe, M., Kelekian, R., … & ImproveCareNow Pediatric IBD Learning Health System. (2021). Sustainable generation of patient‐led resources in a learning health system. Learning Health Systems, e10260.

Dill, J., Morgan, J. C., Chuang, E., & Mingo, C. (2021). Redesigning the role of medical assistants in primary care: Challenges and strategies during implementation. Medical Care Research and Review. 78(3). 240-250.

Gunasekeran, D. V., Tseng, R. M. W. W., Tham, Y. C., & Wong, T. Y. (2021). Applications of digital health for public health responses to COVID-19: A systematic scoping review of artificial intelligence, telehealth and related technologies. NPJ digital medicine. 4(1). 1-6.

Hailu, A., Eregata, G. T., Stenberg, K., & Norheim, O. F. (2021). Is universal health coverage affordable? Estimated costs and fiscal space analysis for the Ethiopian Essential Health Services Package. Health Systems & Reform. 7(1). e1870061.

Haldorai, A., Murugan, S., & Ramu, A. (2021). Evolution, challenges, and application of intelligent ICT education: An overview. Computer Applications in Engineering Education. 29(3). 562-571.

Jensen, N., Kelly, A. H., & Avendano, M. (2021). Health equity and health system strengthening–Time for a WHO re-think. Global Public Health. 1-14.

Koeman, J., & Mehdipanah, R. (2021). Prescribing Housing: A Scoping Review of Health System Efforts to Address Housing as a Social Determinant of Health. Population Health Management. 24(3). 316-321.

Marino, D., & Quattrone, G. (2019). A proposal for a new index to evaluate hospital resource allocation: The case of Italian NHS rationalisation. European Research on Management and Business Economics. 25(1). 23-29.

McDermott, I., Checkland, K., Moran, V., & Warwick-Giles, L. (2019). Achieving integrated care through commissioning of primary care services in the English NHS: a qualitative analysis. BMJ open. 9(4). e027622.

Price, C., Green, W., & Suhomlinova, O. (2019). Twenty-five years of national health IT: exploring strategy, structure, and systems in the English NHS. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 26(3). 188-197.

Qian, Z., Alaa, A. M., & van der Schaar, M. (2021). CPAS: the UK’s national machine learning-based hospital capacity planning system for COVID-19. Machine Learning. 110(1). 15-35.

Richter, P., & Schlieter, H. (2019). Understanding patient pathways in the context of integrated health care services-implications from a scoping review.

Rough, S., Shane, R., Armitstead, J. A., Belford, S. M., Brummond, P. W., Chen, D., … & Vermeulen, L. C. (2021). The high-value pharmacy enterprise framework: advancing pharmacy practice in health systems through a consensus-based, strategic approach. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 78(6). 498-510.

Seethala, R., & Keller, S. P. (2020). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resource planning in the setting of pandemic respiratory illness. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 17(7). 800-803.

Skipworth, H., Delbufalo, E., & Mena, C. (2020). Logistics and procurement outsourcing in the healthcare sector: A comparative analysis. European Management Journal. 38(3). 518-532.

Wanigarathna, N., Jones, K., Bell, A., & Kapogiannis, G. (2019). Building information modelling to support maintenance management of healthcare built assets. Facilities.

Wood, R. M. (2021). Unravelling the dynamics of referral-to-treatment in the NHS. Health Systems. 10(2). 131-137.

Online

Financial performance management. (2018). [Online]. [Available through]:<https://www.health.org.uk/sites/default/files/HowDoesTheNHSCompareWithHealthSystemsInOtherCountries.pdf>>

The National health services in UK. (2016). [Online]. [Available through]:<https://www.bmj.com/content/367/bmj.l6326>

The strategic priority. (2020). [Online]. [Available through]:<https://blogs.perficient.com/2019/03/21/capturing-key-insights-to-define-strategic-priorities/>

Managing health system resilience. (2020). [Online]. [Available through]:<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01381-y/figures/1>