7ENT01129 Materials Engineering for Healthcare Settings Assignment Sample
Choose and propose a novel nanomaterials technology to tickle urgent healthcare needs
Project Introduction
Nanotechnology is a concept to uses science and technology along with engineering which is conducted at a Nanoscale. It is conducted on a scale of 10-1000 nanometers, where one inch is equal to 25,400,000. It gives the ability to control the tiniest of molecules or atoms. Nanotechnology as a concept is very ancient, but now the engineers are using this technology with greater strength, less weight, better light control, and faster and better chemical reactivity. This atom has better performance than its larger counterparts. There are various uses of this technology in today’s world. Nano Material is the material in which a single unit is sized between 1 to 100nm. These materials and developed with the help of a microfabrication study. These materials have better thermal, optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. These materials are used for various purposes in medicinal, health and drug delivery, pharmaceutical, and carbon nanotechnology. It is comparatively a new field in science, pharmaceuticals, and technology.
Biotic Particles are related at the nanoscale and then research and application are conducted. In collaboration with nanotechnology devices, these particles are combined and combinations and permutations are tested through physical characteristics. Another crucial purpose of this technology is drug detoxification. These testing are already going on with mice and now are being tested on human bio cells as well. Various materials are being used to cure conditions like cancer using gold nano cells and the use of nanomaterial as a drug transporter to carry drugs into the tissues.
Manufacture, testing, and data collection
Nano Materials can be the next revolution in the health and care industry as they are very flexible with the composition and can be reacted with plenty of other materials to get desired outcomes. In views of Jeer pan et al 2020, the application of nanotechnology due to its kinetic reactive nature, location, duration of influence, and cure can be improved by nanomaterials particles. The process that is most promising in urgent health care is drug delivery. Nanomaterial makes this process time-efficient and less intrusive by increasing complexity levels. With the help of nanotechnology process early detection and prevention of diseases like cancer, diabetes, and heart-related diseases. Alzheimer etc. This is done by applying nano-material technology to image applications to detect and identify the disease. These applications and processes help in infections caused due to HIV by applying molecular technology usage. These technologies can solve some of the biggest problems related to the identification, drug transportation, and cure of various harmful diseases in human history.
Nano Material used in drug transportation:
There is a lot of research going on in this field and scientists are coming up with new studies now and then. They have enabled to cure of various chronic diseases by site targeting, solubility, reduction in side effects, and safe drug transportation to the required tissue.
The fundamental of this technology includes the use of nanotechnology as a branch of medical science if identifying and curing chronic diseases. Material such as nanorobots or biocompatible nanoparticles is used to advance the curing processes in human beings. One such concern that could be solved by these materials is solubility. As stated by Kumar et al 2015, Drugs with low solubility have major issues in reaching the required cells or tissues, another issue is the lack of required diffusion capacity. When the drug can not diffuse into the outer membrane, it has to be mixed with substances with effects in vaccinations which is not suggested. All these limitations are being overcome by using a nano-material drug delivery mechanism.
Bio polymeric materials used in drug delivery systems are:
| Material Used | Physical Properties |
| Chitosan | Muco Adhesive
Used for continuous drug release Used to deliver chemicals to areas like the eye, nasal, intestine, pulmonary, etc. Efficacy was achieved and it was calculated using its adhesive properties with mucus at various mass propositions. |
| Alginate | It is another biopolymer that is used in nanotechnology. It belongs to the carboxyl group. It has even more adhesive to muco due to its bio features. These nanomaterials are very promising in the transportation of insulin.
This also has applications in curing depression as it is way more effective in carrying drugs to brains as compared to any other traditional methods |
| Cellulose | Cellulose compounds are used due to their soluble and gelatine properties. These polymers are mixed with alginate or chitosans to observe the sustained release of the same. It is used extensively in carrying RPG drugs in nasal sprays etc. |
| Liposome | One of the most studied material these are spherical shape.
Used to achieve equilibrium and its analogous structure helps inefficient drug delivery The process includes “thin layer hydration, agitation by mechanics, solvent evaporation and injection and in the end solubilization of the surface.” |
| Dendrimers | The structure is monodisperse and well defined. They are highly bifurcative. ( Yi, J. And Xianyu, 2022)
Process – discharge of drugs by changes in ph levels or temperatures. Making cleave bonds depends on the availability of suitable enzymes to form these bonds. |
Data Collection and Analysis methods
The data used for the report is secondary. The data is both quantitative and qualitative. The data is collected from journals, books, and the work which is already done in the field of Non-material technology. The report us a thematic approach where the framework of analysis is based on the themes that are identified which are Nanomaterial and health and medicine in this case. The thematic approach identifies these keywords and secludes them with other variables to ensure that the results are correct. A lot of work is already done and going on in the field there are daily new additions to the field. Positivism is used while writing this report which means that the personal views or biases of the writer have not affected or interfered with the outcome of how various variables have interacted in the given environment.
Discussion
Various studies are being conducted in this field. Another alternative to this process is the natural component. Various traditional products are being used in medical and health facilities for ages. As described by Rastin et al 2021, These plants are now further studied to subside the side effects of other non-natural molecules in drug delivery. The only problem with natural compounds is they change their states in various phenomena like stress, sunlight, temperature, etc. However, these synthetic compounds’ demand will decrease shortly and these active natural compounds are again taking an important place in research and applications. The market for Nanotechnology is showing rapid growth in all aspects of life. Various countries are putting a lot of funds into this field. As estimated by Pillai, and Lang, (2019), Right now there are no environmental rules and regulations related to testing, manufacturing, distribution, usage, and waste and disposable management. Nanotechnology has proven to be cost-effective as it can provide alternative energy solutions. It can use natural and renewable resources like fossil fuels, hydro and solar cells to deduct diabetes fluctuations in Blood pressure or oxygen levels. These devices can check this without taking actual blood samples with the help of nanorobots operated by natural energy sources.
Conclusions and recommendations
Nanotechnology is a combination of engineering science and technology, where the parameters of the material used are around 1-100 nanometers. The atoms and molecules are broken into the tiniest forms to achieve desired physical properties. There are various medicinal uses of such material like drug transportation, image application, or disease deduction. The most promising technology is drug transportation. In this process, the chronic disease is deducted and the drug is transported to patients’ tissues that need repairing. In this case, various materials like Chitosan, Aligate, Cellulose, etc are used. Some of them have mucoadhesive properties, others are spherical and get mixed with the cells to give them the required compounds. All these nanomaterials are available in synthesis as well as natural compounds. Natural compounds have fewer side effects however synthetic compounds can be customized as per required physical and chemical; properties to achieve the required shape, solubility, etc. It is also very cost-effective as it can use renewable resources for energy consumption.
References
Jeerapan, I., Sonsa-Ard, T. and Nacapricha, D., 2020. Applying nanomaterials to modern biomedical electrochemical detection of metabolites, electrolytes, and pathogens. Chemosensors, 8(3), p.71.
Kumar, S., Ahlawat, W., Kumar, R. and Dilbaghi, N., 2015. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide, and gold as elite nanomaterials for fabrication of biosensors for healthcare. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 70, pp.498-503.
Yi, J. and Xianyu, Y., 2022. Gold Nanomaterials‐Implemented Wearable Sensors for Healthcare Applications. Advanced Functional Materials, p.2113012.
Rastin, H., Mansouri, N., Tung, T.T., Hassan, K., Mazinani, A., Ramezanpour, M., Yap, P.L., Yu, L., Vreugde, S. and Losic, D., 2021. Converging 2D Nanomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Technology: State‐of‐the‐Art, Challenges, and Potential Outlook in Biomedical Applications. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 10(22), p.2101439.
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