Assignment Sample on A Project Investigation (Mersey Gateway Bridge)
1. Introduction
The project is based on the “Mersey gateway bridge” and the internal and external environments that help to understand the opportunities and possible risk factors of the project. This project also helps to understand the project’s performance with the help of the PEX model. The importance of an experience-based group is there and the strength and weaknesses of the group are mentioned there. Other than this, this project provides an overview of the Mersey gateway bridge as well as the project team who are engaging with it. The assessment helps to investigate the project on the Mersey Gateway Bridge that defines all the aspects of the project.
2. Internal and external environments of the project
There are different types of internal and external environments in this project that help to investigate more on the project. There are particular models for both environments that have been used to investigate the project which are:
External environment
PESTLE analysis model
| Factors | Impact |
| Political | The political factors in the UK are highly supportive for the business organizations. Besides that, the political bodies of this country highly support development of this country (Pan et al. 2019). In this aspect, the impact of political aspect of the UK has been highly supportive for the Mersey Gateway Bridge. |
| Economical | This is a cost-based project and the management should have proper money back up and financial support to complete the project and without having proper economy they can have the raw materials and installation of advanced technology to maintain the quality of the project. In 2020, the GDP of the UK decreased to -9.8% (worldbank.org, 2020). This economic status of this country had a major impact on the accomplishment of this project. |
| Social | While conducting a construction project it is natural to face social issues such as damage to others property, road blocks, and others. However, this project has not faced any issues like that which has been supportive for this organization (Graham, 2018). |
| Technical | Technological development is advanced in this country that has helped to obtain technological development of this country. This advantage has helped to accomplish this project with the implementation of advanced technology (Bhbosale et al. 2020). Besides, huge technical knowledge of the project manager has helped to enhance the sustainability of this project. |
| Legal | Employee safety act and environmental safety act have been followed by this project management team while conducting this project. It has helped to accomplish this project without any legal issues (Pan et al. 2019). |
| Environmental | People and government of the UK are highly concerned for their environmental sustainability. In this aspect, no deforestation, no harm to any other environmental factors have been ensured during this project (Graham, 2018). |
Table 1: PESTLE analysis
(Source: Graham, 2018)
This PESTLE analysis helps to understand external environment factors that can affect the project and its management team. These external issues can increase the period of the project and decrease the quality of the project. There are political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental issues. There are sudden situations for the management team in case of completing the gateway bridge project. In all of those factors, political and legal factors are important and the management has to look after both of these and try to maintain the rule and regulation of the nation. There are issues such as people support and environmental support based on completing the project. In this case, a management team must have proper technical support by which they can understand the project. Technical support has enhanced the performance of the project team by which they were able to complete the project and reduce the cost of the gateway project. Other than this, there should be proper financial support to the project that helps them to research the projects as well as its possible risk factors. With the help of this analysis process, the management understood the issues they could face to complete the project and what issues had to be resolved through maintaining the rules and regulations of the nation.
PORTER’s model
In this model, five external forces have been mentioned that affect the project. Other than this, these forces can create issues for the completion of the project (Racz et al. 2018). Experience management has to look into its five factors that can help to maintain the project’s quality.
| Factors | Risk level | Impact |
| Industry competition | High
|
In this competitive business situation, several organizations are racing to satisfy the citizens in making the transportation medium smoother (Safapour and Kermanshachi, 2019). This mega-project of Mersey Gateway Bridge is facing severe problems due to the increasing competition in the construction sector. |
| New entrants organization | Medium | There is a medium risk of new entrants to the organization and there is a chance of disruption of several organizational activities and this organization becomes unable to satisfy its potential customers. |
| Supplier power | High | In this project of Mersey Gateway Bridge, there is a high risk of supplier power and it creates different problems in lack of raw materials and products (Rathnasinghe and Kulatunga, 2019). The COVID-19 lockdown further assists in creating a risk due to the higher dependency of suppliers for organizational operations. |
| Customers’ power | Medium | The citizen’s power plays a medium risk in project operations and the organization is highly concerned in managing the customer needs to get high profit and competitive advantage with achieving organizational objectives. |
| Substitute products | Low | There is a low risk of substitute products and projects and the organization is aware of managing tasks to satisfy its customers and creating organizational value. |
Table 2: Porter’s model
(Source: Safapour and Kermanshachi, 2019)
Industry competition
In this construction industry, several organisations have a proper financial backup and experience management team that can create effective strategies to reduce the risk of the project and issues that have been faced by the project team. Those companies also have advanced technical support and they searched for those dealers who can provide the raw material and other products for the project at a low cost (Parsons et al. 2018). This can reduce the cost of the project and lower the risk of having inflammation. For this, there can be a risk of losing the project. There are renowned companies in the UK such as Balfour Beatty and Morgan Sindall that increase the competition in this construction industry.
New entrant organisation
There are few opportunities for organisations that are currently entering the construction industry. That is why there is a low chance of having more competition in this industry. The management is highly experienced and the new organisation did not have a proper overview of the industry and proper experience to handle a sudden situation. Other than this, a new organisation cannot make decisions in problematic situations.
Supplier power
Supplier plays an important role to complete a project in the meantime. Suppliers provide high-quality raw materials to the management team that helps to get the related raw material at a low cost (Bruijl, 2018). The management should select suppliers who have high resources by which they can send the products to the construction area as soon as possible. Other than this, this can lower the risk of having inflammation and control the expenses of the project.
Customers’ power
Customer support motivates the workers to boost their performance and develop the quality of the project. In the gateway construction project, the organisation must have social support; else the project team cannot do their task properly and complete the project.
Substitute products
There are various substitute products in the market and several organisations use those products to keep the expenses low for the project and the organisations can have minimal risk factors to get those duplicate products. However, those products decrease the quality of the projects. Nevertheless, the customers and management team who don’t have proper money support for the completion of that project prefer using those substitute products for the project. As an impact of this substitute product, the gateway bridge project can fail or have issues after completion.
Internal environment
| Strengths | Weaknesses |
| ● Proper financial support
● Proper technical support ● Experience management team |
● Sudden political issues
● Environmental issue ● Inflammation ● High transportation cost |
| Opportunities | Threats |
| ● Financial support helps the organisation to maintain the quality of the project and use new and improved strategies to mitigate the overhead cost.
● Technological support improved the performance and work efficiency of the project. ● Further than this, technical support helps to understand the possible risk factors and possible ways to reduce the risks. |
● Political issues can increase problematic situations in the case of completing the gateway project (Alfraidi et al. 2020).
● Inflammation Cost for high price rate of raw material or products. ● If there is high transportation in the nation that can create financial risk factors and overhead costs for the project. |
Table 3: SWOT analysis model
(Source: Self-Made)
This SWOT model helps to understand the strength, weaknesses as well as the possible opportunities of having that strength and possible threats that can be created by the weaknesses of the project (Elavarasan et al. 2020). In this Mersey gateway construction project, the management has advanced technology such as AI technology that helps to understand the issue and possible risk factors of the project and it helps to take fast decisions for the management team. It also helps to develop an effective strategy to maintain the project. There is Blockchain technology that helps to mitigate the risk of supply chain issues in the UK (Golosova and Romanovs 2018). Apart from this, the management team has the financial support to help to maintain the quality of the project. However, there are some weaknesses such as political, environmental and transportation cost issues that can create excessive expenses for the project. There are inflammation issues that increase the price of the raw material of which the project team have to get raw materials at a high cost. But this model helps to understand the threat and weaknesses of the project and they can take possible steps to overcome those issues.
VRIO’s analysis model
| Capability | Valuable | Rare | Inimitable | Organised | Impact on competitive advantages |
| Financial support | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | This allows the implementation of new innovative strategies. |
| Technological support | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | This helps to boost the performance of the employees. |
| Experienced team | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | This helps to develop strategies for the success of the project. |
Table 4: VRIO’s analysis model
(Source: Self-Made)
This model helps to understand the advantages of management such as having high technology, experience and financial background. This analysis model helps to understand the value, rarity, and inimitable possibilities of those capabilities (Hernández et al. 2018). Through this model, the team can understand this to help give them a competitive advantage. The team can utilise the advanced technology facility to gather the information to help the team to improve their performance. Other than this, the organisation can use the financial advantage for the team and the development of the project to decrease the cost of the project and help to fulfil the target in no time. In this case, the management team can help the organisation to overcome the issues that provide competitive advantages.
3. Performance of the project through the PEX model
Project performance is an important area for achieving project objectives with understanding the issues and this process assists in successful project execution. Project Excellence Model (PEX) assists in understanding project performances through measuring the enablers or success factors and results (Nanayakkara et al. 2017). In the way of achieving certain goals, this model is applied to measure and improve the overall project quality. The critical success factors of this project of Mersey Gateway Bridge are easily identified through the application of the model. This is significant for measuring project success and effectively handling different risk factors during project construction. It further distinguishes the success factors and success criteria and leads this mega project to its peak of success (Oad et al. 2021). The application of the model is significant to get a significant advantage from the competitive market and satisfy the citizens through effectively dealing with different risk factors.
Project Management Enablers (success factors)
Leadership and team management are the main success factors that comprise different elements including, policy and strategy, stakeholder management, resources, and contracting. As cited by Pham et al. (2019), these success factors provide a significant impact on measuring the performance and controlling the different project activities for further development. The PEX model effectively identifies these project success factors and applies different principles for successful project execution. In this mega project of Mersey Gateway Bridge, these enablers play a significant role and assist the organization to achieve its goals. Policy and strategy are the two important factors and implementation of strategies are essential to deal with different risk factors, for instance, time shortage and budget issues (Didehvar et al. 2018). Implementation of digitalisation and actionable steps assist in the high-performance of different activities and leads to successful project execution.
Proper use of sustainable and recycled elements is necessary for reducing cost, managing time, and handling multi-task project activities. Implementation of these strategies along with proper use of resources is beneficial and these are identified as the critical success factors in the PEX model. As opined by Demirkesen and Ozorhon (2017), project policies are significant for maintaining tasks and activities through motivating and influencing the employees to achieve organizational goals. These success factors provide a significant contribution for delivering better service and features by reducing project costs and time with satisfying citizens. Improvement of project planning and quality are the two necessary objectives that are closely involved with a combination of software skills and managerial skills (Hetami and Aransyah, 2020). These success factors provide umpteen advantages in improving project performance, execution, and quality with managing time and budget.
| Enablement criteria | Points | Result criteria | Points |
| 1. Leadership
a. Leadership on improving sustainability. b. Leadership on improving worker performance. c. Leadership to maintain stakeholders.
2. Objectives a. Issues if the project b. Issues in maintaining stakeholders c. Strategies to improve project performance.
3. Methods a. Internal and external methods. b. Project management methods
4. People a. Suppliers b. Financial resources c. Materials and other resources 5. Resources a. Enablement b. Empowerment
|
100
100
100
100
100 |
6. Customer satisfaction
a. Performance measurement b. Perception of the customers
7. Objectives fulfilled a. Result b. Performance
8. People satisfaction a. Perception of the people b. Performance indicators
9. Interested parties a. Perception of interested parties b. Performance indicators |
150
150
100
100 |
| 500 | 500 |
Table 5: Calculation for the PEX model
(Source: Hetami, and Aransyah, 2020)
In this analysis of Performance excellence model there are some enablement criteria have been mentioned that help to identify the factors that should have more focus for the development process of this project. Other than this there is some result criteria also mentioned. This project is based on improvement to the service for the people. In this project the project manager has to maintain the relation with their stakeholder and suppliers that help to improve the project performance. It helps to fulfil the perception of the customers and other people. The project manager has to make proper decision and planning procedure to fulfil the objectives of this project.
Organizational policy and implementation of different strategies are important for organizing tasks and motivating the employees through allocating tasks. As cited by Ahmed, and Anantatmula (2017), proper project planning and organization with maintaining budget and timeline is essential and this leads the project to meet its objectives. Another important enabler is the resources and the contract management that provide a significant contribution in handling different risks. Proper use of natural resources can assist in reducing environmental impacts and create sustainability through influencing the citizens. Effective stakeholder management with clarifying the deals further assists in managing tasks and smoothens the supply chain management system. In this difficult international marketplace, stakeholder engagement is essential for achieving proper resources and supplies while engaging the customers.
In this project of Mersey Gateway Bridge, maintaining sustainability and supply of different raw materials are important for successful project execution. As opined by Allison et al. (2017), strong stakeholder management assists in this supply of raw materials, and the organizational policy is beneficial for engaging different professional employees. Identification of risks is another crucial factor in this project and the implementation of different strategies assist in mitigating risks. Adaptation of advanced tools and technologies works better in reducing errors, minimizing risks, and proper utilization of different resources (Lim et al. 2018). These success factors are fundamental for fostering project success through minimizing risks, reducing costs, organizing events, maintaining time, and maintaining project quality.
The Project Excellence Model highlights the key areas of stakeholder engagement, project management, contracting, policy, and strategy for meeting the objectives. Top management support, environmental events, technical tasks, monitoring feedback, client acceptance, client consultation creates a project value. As influenced by Lu et al. (2017), the use of managerial skills, use of technology, preliminary estimate, effective communication are other success factors for achieving organizational goals. Strong, efficient leadership management assists in organizing project activities and taking information during the project life cycle. This project establishes contractual relationships for utilizing different resources in an effective and efficient manner (Warner and Wäger, 2019). Combining the interest of project stakeholders and the cooperation of the project organization determines the place of the project in this global market.
Project Results (success criteria)
The Project Excellence Model critically identifies different success criteria for this project that assist the organization to meet its objectives with high support. Client, project personal, contracting partners, users and stakeholders are the main factors of this project’s results and success criteria. As cited by Banihashemi et al. (2017), these groups of users, stakeholders, and partners are closely involved in this project and accomplish different project areas. Strong engagement of stakeholders is necessary for maintaining different tasks and the interest of different clients influences the employees. In this mega project, the high engagement of contracting partners and the involvement of the users are significant advantages (Allison et al. 2017). This further assists in improving project “budget, schedule and quality” and this leads to several minor and major project successes for long-term project performance.
The client of the project initiates for fulfilling the specific needs and the employees are concerned in reaching the personal goals. According to the view of Lim et al. (2018), the high involvement of construction stakeholders for proper supply of materials and identifying risk in cost and budget is necessary. In this mega project of Mersey Gateway Bridge, different risk factors, such as weather issues, political instability also matter. Therefore, this strong engagement of different suppliers, stakeholders provide significant value and, in this project, the users are concerned with influencing activities and products. This appreciation of project personnel, clients, contracting partners, and stakeholders leads the project and effectively handles project quality through maintaining budget and quality (Peters et al. 2018). These influences of different parties are not directly involved in this project but create a significant influence on project performance.
In the Mersey Gateway Bridge project, different groups and third parties are closely associated and provide potential influence on these project activities. As cited by Demirkesen and Ozorhon (2017), different environmental groups, government agencies, and citizens show high interest in the completion of the project and effectively manage different activities. This strong engagement of different stakeholders, users, governmental parties, and citizens is important. In the project, interest and appreciation of the groups are significant and assist the organization in improving project quality, managing schedule and budget. Interacting with different stakeholders and involving partners and contracts, the project achieves maximum benefits (Ahmed and Anantatmula, 2017). These involvement and strong engagement are beneficial for meeting organizational objectives and achieving more revenue from this global market.
4. Strength and weaknesses of the project group
This part of the study critically focuses on determining the strengths and weaknesses of the project group of three students and provides practical suggestions for further improvement.
Strengths: The strength of the project group stands on different factors and this assists the project to reach its success with effectively managing different tasks. The group of three people manages and effectively overview the working procedure of different employees. Effectively monitoring the activity, objective view in project operations, understanding the needs of the citizens are the main strengths of the group (Hetami and Aransyah, 2020). In this mega project of Mersey Gateway Bridge, the team effectively monitors the activities and identifies the areas for further improvement. The team is efficient in developing employees and concerning them about the possible risks for this bridge construction.
The key strength of this project group lies in identifying different risks and creating possible solutions for further improvement. The creation of toll and managing the overall structure in the bridge are identified by these groups and it effectively assists in influencing employees (Di Maddaloni and Davis, 2018). In this mega project, identification of the risks is an important factor and the group manages the situation with high efficiency. In influencing the employees for achieving the organizational goal, this team plays a significant role, and this further assists in meeting organizational long-term performance. The strength of this group is essential for managing different activities through dealing with different potential risks and issues.
Weaknesses
Along with the strengths, there are some weaknesses in this project group that creates several disruptions in project operations. The main weaknesses of this group are managing cost, resources, and budget and this leads to the lack of raw materials and budget. The Mersey Gateway Bridge project is facing a severe economic crisis due to this lack of proper planning and scheduling of different activities. The team is unable in measuring the project budget through proper utilization of resources and maximize the use of natural resources (Didehvar et al. 2018). Therefore, weakness is observed in reducing project cost and time and this leads to several other devastating consequences.
In this mega project of Mersey Gateway Bridge construction, maintenance of time and budget are the significant factors and the project group is unable to manage these issues. There is a major weakness of the project group and the organization is facing severe problems to reduce cost without the proper allocation, planning, and handling of the issues (Pham et al. 2019). Another weakness of this project group is a lack of maintaining deadlines and this leads to the delay in project execution. Delay in a project creates several other complexities in satisfying customers and there is a risk in meeting organizational objectives.
Practical suggestions
The strengths and weaknesses of the project are involved with different activities and create several advantages and issues at the same time. Practical suggestions assist in improving further activities to lead the project to its peak of success.
Maintaining timeline: Proper application and maintenance of timeline are essential for managing different project activities in time for achieving higher benefit. In this mega project, maintenance of timeline is crucial for timely project execution to satisfy the citizens and collect higher revenue (Liu et al. 2018). The study practically suggests the maintenance of a timeline to get significant benefits through the proper utilization of resources. The three-people project group can influence and motivate the employees for better project operations in a faster, quicker, and organized way. This is a significant approach to reduce risks and project delays and the organization can receive high revenue from the global marketplace.
Utilization of advanced tools: The application of advanced tools and technologies assists the team with proper documentation of project operations during the project life cycle. In the words of Abiodun and Segbenu (2017), this is essential in reducing errors and fosters different operations quickly and in an efficient way, and allows the organization to meet different organizational objectives. In minimizing errors and preventing the weaknesses of the project team, the utilization of advanced tools is significant and provides efficiency in project operations. The team becomes able to properly manage and plan these get to achieve higher benefits from the global marketplace by satisfying its customers.
Creating a budget plan: Effective budget plan is the key way for reducing wastage and costs in this mega-project of “Mersey Gateway Bridge”. This leads the organization to achieve a highly competitive advantage. Therefore, the study strongly suggests creating a budget plan for reducing cost, minimizing waste through proper utilization of natural resources (Nanayakkara et al. 2017). Usage of natural and recycled elements assist in managing cost and maintenance of this budget plan is essential to achieve higher revenue from this global market.
Risk analysis: This part of the study further suggests analysing and identifying risks in this mega project to get umpteen benefits and satisfy the citizens through achieving higher revenue. According to the view of Oad et al. (2021), proper risk analysis is an efficient way to avoid terrifying results and satisfies the citizens with making transportation a smoother way. In this mega project, risk analysis is a significant way for reducing the budget, resources, delay, and other issues. Implementation of advanced technologies and tools assist in the proper management of project operations and effectively analyses different risks (Nanayakkara et al. 2017). Therefore, this part practically suggests effective risk analysis through the proper maintenance by the three-member project group.
5. Experience value of the group
The three-member project group provides significant value for managing and documenting different project operations. In influencing the employees, identifying the potential risks, and documenting operations, the project group provides significant value. The experience of the group in managing different tasks provides significant results and this is beneficial for achieving a highly competitive advantage from the international marketplace (Ahmadi and Rafieizonooz, 2020). It is imperative to note that the team members are inefficient in handling budget and timeline and this further leads to severe consequences. The experience of the team members is significant in creating project value and they are inefficient in maintaining the two key objectives: time and cost.
The three-member project group is essential and fundamental in managing different activities and creates different barriers in managing cost and budget. The organization is facing severe problems in maintaining cost and this leads to severe economic downfall. Therefore, a lack is observed in the experience of project groups in maintaining cost and time or lack in proper planning and organizing events. Managing time and cost is the key approach for creating high profit and leads to successful project execution and this team is unable to manage these two objectives (Rathnasinghe and Kulatunga, 2019). The key strength of the team is in documenting project operations and activities to get a highly competitive advantage through proper utilization of resources with satisfying the citizens.
6. Recommendation
- The management team can go through having multiple suppliers to have the raw materials of the project. The supplier can provide the raw material to the construction site at a low cost and choosing the supplier who has a high resource percentage can reduce the time duration of completing the project.
- There can be the use of big data analysis techniques in this construction site for which the organisation can safely transfer money to the supplies and gather data and information for multiple tasks (Raguseo, 2018). This analysis process can help the organisation to make strategies based on the situation and improve their strategies.
- There can be brief research on the political and legal issues of the nation by which they can understand the laws of the nation and develop their strategies by maintaining those rules and having fewer legal issues for the project. As these two issues can affect the project most, the management has to develop a strategy to complete the project.
- The management team have to look into the weaknesses of the project team and provide training sessions and possible ways to decrease them that can increase the performance of the team members.
7. Conclusion
In this assessment different types of models such as PESTLE, PORTER’s five forces, SWOT and VRIO that have been used that provide the overview of the project to the management that help to understand the external and internal environments of the project that can help to complete the Mercy bridge project and also some threats that can increase the cost of the project. Apart from this, there is a PEX model that helps to understand the performance of the project along with the analysis of the project team and identification of their strengths and weaknesses that can affect this project. This project helps the p\management to make effective strategies to overcome the threats and reduce the chance of having issues on this project.
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