Assignment Sample on U21853 MA Applied Linguistics & TESOL
Introduction
World English’s is a term, which emerges from indigenized or localized differences in the English language, especially the varieties which are developed in the territories and influenced by the United States or the United Kingdom.
There is a huge variety in the world of English’s which are Australian English, American English, Babe English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, British English, English, Chinese English, Chicano English, English, Hingis, Euro English, Indian English, Japanese English, Irish English, Nigerian English. In this study, Southeast Asia has been taken as part of discussion and exploration. This study will try to cover all the necessary aspects of world English’s that are spread so far in the continent.
Discussion
Dominance of the English in the world
This part has a basic discussion about the threat or opportunity of the dominance of English in the world.
Linguistic imperialism- This is the term that can describe the exploitation of elitist, ideological, and cultural English power for which the political and economic advantage by the dominant cultures of speaking in English. (Bolton, et al. 2017.) It is the thought of imposition of a particular language on the other language speakers. So, it is basically an opportunity for the speakers of English.
But some people can face problems due to a lack of knowledge. So, basically, there is a need to accept it in a good way and try to develop the knowledge of other languages so that it can be able to help someone in doing work to the other country and for getting success in it. (Matsuda, et al. 2019.)The people of Southeast Asia accept this concept in a better way which becomes a great opportunity for them to develop their knowledge’s. So there is a great cultural and linguistic diversity which helps in the purpose of communication and research.
Ownership or Appropriation-According to information, TESOL is an acronym, which refers to the profession, the professional association and the field itself. TESOL has a huge number of members from many countries, there are almost 140 countries included in this. It has a lot of members may be more than 13500 for working purposes according to the headquarters in Virginia USA and Alexandria. All the members are a mix of researchers, teachers, administrators, curriculum developers and materials whose main and primary focus is to enhance the learning of the English language. There are many countries where English is preferred as a second language and somewhere English is used as a foreign language. But there are many studious students who need to go foreign for further study and people also need some time to go foreign for working purpose. In that case, they need to know English knowledge to continue their study or to communicate in English to give a proper explanation about their business or adjust with the people of foreign. So, in the same way, it is an opportunity for the people in Southeast Asia for developing their English language and understands it in a proper way to advance them. (Bolton, ET al.2018.) So, it is actually not a threat for the people because any development to know a language is no longer a threat for anyone. This is actually good behaviour for people to accept.
Unequal English’s
Language (in-) equality – This (in-) equality of languages is essential because the grammar which is traditional, mainly makes the dialect more accurate and others are denigrated as a corruption of inferiority. The English that is considered substandard are sometimes used to label English dialects in certain for older works and it can reflect the attitudes in such things. (Devised al.2019. ) One can consider Culture as a language. There are many cultures in a country and also a country has many languages in it as a lot of people live in it. They have various cultures as well as various languages as many cities are included in it which consists of different people. (Schreyer, ET al.2020.)So, there are a lot of cultures and languages which differ from one another but fundamentally all are the same because a property of fundamental nature is a path that can be able to allow diversity and there is the nature of one human. This is also applicable for Southeast Asia too because it has also a great usage of world Englishes. In this way, all people of this country are connected to each other which can make a country advance and maintain (in-)equality.
Language and identity- Languages specify identities and it can set the identity signal by those who basically speak them. One person can be able to categorize other people by the language they can speak.
The mix of English
Translanguaging- It is a method by which multilingual speakers basically use their own languages as the integrated system of communication. (.NET al. 2020. ) It is a very helpful process which can translate the languages of any country, any region into someone’s preferred language. By this, a person without any knowledge in another language can be able to understand the main object of anything. So, people cannot face problems if they are in another country or city. Many people have an attraction to know and study other languages and it is a very good way to do that and advance life.
Linguistic languages- Linguists have a great interest in linguistic variation among the English varieties for different regions. It is a salience and visibility of languages into commercial and public signs in the given region or territory. It is described as present somewhere in the zone of sociology, sociolinguistics, geography, media studies, and social psychology.
Language variation-
Standard English(as)-There is a lot of variety in the English languages in various countries which are considered as their standard English’s, there are some differences into their English languages because people one country only use the accent of their English language but other countries cannot be able to find exact similarity with them. All have the name of Standard English but are also different from another. So, people who are related to this English related research mainly know the proper differences about it and from them, people are able to know and read proper languages of any country.
Variation across the regions-World consists of many countries as well as regions which are very far from each other so there is not any connection between them. They all have a Standard English language for their countries but there is a variation in their grammar and their pronunciation is totally different but also maybe there are some similarities. But not properly sisal and they do not look like same. (Lowed al. 2017. ) The sound of English for one country’s people is different from another country or region. As an example, the English of Southeast Asia and America is totally different in sound and look also.
English’s of teaching world
Standard English(as)- In the teaching world there is a need for more perfect standard English which will develop day by day because it is essential for people to know it in the proper way (Rajagopalan et al.2012). But there is some challenge on it-1)It has not any geographical base as there is a lack of indication to inform the coming source of it.
2) There is a matter of vocabulary, grammar and orthography.
3) It is promoted by educated community members so they want to use it in only leading institutions of the community.
ENL, ELF or WE- ENL is referred to like native speakers traditionally. It has the location of the inner circle of Kashrus. ELF is for English users like lingua franca. It does not have any specific location but involved speakers are mainly from the outer and expanding circle. So from this people can develop knowledge about the speaking style of the people in this location.
‘Native speaker’
Native Speakers- This term mainly comes from native speakers. ENL is included in this which is maintained in a traditional way. Basically, the English language is the first language for these speakers and they use it as a citizen of the UK, USA, Canada, and Ireland.
Qualities of the English teacher- Qualification of an English teacher should be high and proper as people gain knowledge from them. (Kubota, ET al.2018. ) So, they should give the exact explanation about English and help people in teaching purposes.
Conclusion
There is a whole discussion about World English’s. This mainly contains themes and regions. In the above discussion, there is historic geography, which contains the politics, languages, and pedagogy but one can mainly discuss the key points or questions about these topics. In this way, it becomes suitable to understand its advantages and disadvantages so that they would gain proper knowledge about World English’s. People can be able to gain knowledge about different regions’ pronunciation for English and about Standard English.
Reference List
Journals
Bolton, K., 2017. World English’s: Current trends and future directions. World English’s, pp.240-261.
Matsuda, A., 2019. World English’s in English language teaching: Kashrus six fallacies and the TEIL paradigm. World English’s, 38(1-2), pp.144-154.
Bolton, K., 2018. World English’s and second language acquisition. World English’s, 37(1), pp.5-18.
Davis, D.R., 2019. World English’s and descriptive grammars. The handbook of world English’s, pp.507-522.
Schreyer, D., Hunt, M. and Schneider, E.W. eds., 2020. The Cambridge handbook of world English’s. Cambridge University Press.
D., Hunt, M. and Schneider, E.W. eds., 2020. CNew reflections on the evolutionary dynamics of world English’s. World English’s, 33(1), pp.9-32.
Low, E.L. and Pair, A. eds., 2017. World English’s: Rethinking Paradigms. Rutledge.
Rajagopalan, K., 2012. ‘World English ‘or ‘World Englishness? Does it make any difference? International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 22(3), pp.374-391.
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