Investigating the Perspectives of Elderly People on Care Homes Assignment Sample
Introduction
Elderly care home is also known as residential care home which provides accommodation facilities to the elders who are facing health issues or does not have a place to live. The elderly care home offers lodging, meals and activities for the elderly people to stimulate their mental and physical health conditions. Providing assistance to the daily living activities of the individuals are also the responsibilities of the care home (Callaghan & Towers, 2014). Across the world, the number of people residing in care home is increasing at a constant basis and the reason is poor health of the elders or abonnement of the elders by their family members. In the UK, the number of elders living in care home was a concerning fact. This is because the number of care home in the UK is increasing at a constant basis that is accounted to more than 17000. While more than 490000 elderly people were living in the care homes across the UK in 2020 (Statista , 2022). In the UK, England is holding the higher number of elders who live in care home. Though, the care home provides efficient services and take care of the elders in the UK but there are also certain issues which have been raised due to the inefficiency of the care homes across the country.
In consideration to the care home situation, it is evident that the UK care homes are facing challenges related to the availability of staff, incompetency of the staff, and increased burden of care delivery. The factors are leading to the improper services to the elders or creating problems for their living. Thus, the elderly people living in the care homes are also developing a perspective which can be negative or positive towards the approach as well as strategies of care home. For example, more than 70% of the elders living in UK care home are unwilling to live in care home. While a major proportion of the elderly people living in the care home of the UK are requesting for making changes to the approaches of care home (Mignani, et al., 2017). In this regard, this research is important to understand what exactly the perception of elders living in the UK care home. The reasons of their negative or positive attitudes as well as the problems they faced in living under the care home setting are also the major factors that needs to be researched. In this regard, the research is justified to explore the specific perspectives of elders living in the care home.
Literature review
Overview of search terms and search strategy
In the conduction of literature review, the use of keywords and development of a specific search strategy are considerably important. In this literature review, certain search terms or keywords have also been used for the search of articles. The used keywords in the search process are based on the research topic and objectives (Xiao & Watson, 2019). For example, the used keywords in the search process are elderly, older people, care home, residential home, nursing care home, aged people, perspective, perception, feeling etc. The keywords used in the research for search of articles are based on the main topic. Along with this, the research has also used Boolean operators to simply the search process. Boolean operators involve the words like AND, OR which simplifies the search process and helps in generating extensive search results. In this research, the Boolean operators have been used for simplifying the search process. Using the Boolean operators, the key phrases like care home OR residential home, perception OR perspective, care home AND elderly people have been used (Thomé, et al., 2016). Using the keywords, the search procedure has been undertaken in the research. The used databases for the search process are Science Direct, PubMed and UCLAN library databases. Though, the research has proceeded with search over three major databases but the main focus has been given on search from the UCLAN database. The UCLAN database has been selected for the purpose of search as the library databases are free to access and provide authenticate articles. Thus, the literature review has selected the articles from the UCLAN library databases.
Criteria for the selection of the articles
In order to select the articles following the search over the databases, this research has considered certain criteria which specified the selection of articles. In consideration to the selection of criteria, it can be said that the inclusion and exclusion criteria are the most important elements to select or reject articles (Okoli, 2015). This literature review has also followed certain inclusion criteria to select the articles. For example, the articles have been selected with the consideration of published language, year of publication and type of methodology used in the articles. According to the inclusion criteria, the literature review has selected the articles published after 2015. It has been considered to ensure that the selected articles are relevant and provided important information regarding the latest scenario of elderly care home in the UK. While the articles published in English language has only been considered as the researcher is well known to the English language. Another important inclusion criterion of the research involves the use literature review based research articles. While the literature review has rejected the systematic literature review as well as empirical data based articles. This is because the research has focused on the consideration of qualitative data based articles which are capable of providing explanatory information regarding the topic.
Summary and analysis of the relevant literature
The study of Cleland, et al. (2021), has considered the comprehensive literature review to explore the quality of care of the people living in aged care home. According to the study, the quality of care for the elderly people is a major concern across the countries. This is because the increasing number of aged people in the residential care home is leading to increase the burden of the care home infrastructure. Shortage of staff has also become an added factor that has increased the overall pressure of the care home setting. Along with this, lack of monitoring of the individuals living in aged care setting is also raising concern regarding the quality of care. While the study by Campbell, et al. (2021), claims that the aging in place (AIP) is a major policy strategy that is designed for helping the elder people living in community. The study has followed a Delphi approach to conduct the literature review. While organizers universally have altered parts of the more seasoned grown-up care continuum to work with AIP, further enhancements to local area based supports and administrations are additionally required. This study analysed as well as contrasted the local area based factors that family care accomplices and medical services partners view as generally critical to help more seasoned grown-ups effectively AIP. In case of the study by Vanleerberghe, et al. (2017), has also followed a proper literature review approach. According to the article, AIP is an option where people can stay in their older age. But the author also claimed that the policy approach can be threatening for the population as it can raise a number of challenges. This is because the icreasing number of abonnement of elderly people and increasing pressure of the care home can lead to decrease the quality of care given in such home. The study of Lee, et al. (2019), has also used the literature review approach to explore the topic. In accordance with the study, residential care home services are given to the people who are unable live in their own expenses in older age as well as social reasons influence them to do so. But many of the elderly people living in care home consider their living as a condition where they have been enforced to do so.
Main findings from the literature
Based on the study of Cleland, et al. (2021), it is understood that the quality of care depends on a number of factors. The major aspects involve in the quality of care are providing dignity and respect to the elderly people, acknowledging as well as supporting spiritual, cultural, religious and sexual identity, skills and care of aged care staff, relationship between the elder people and staff, allowing the elderly to make informed choices. However, the analysis of perspective of the elder people revealed that they are influenced to do certain things which hamper their informed choice abilities. The relationship between the elderly people and staff also degrades if an elderly person is facing serious mental health issue or physical health problem. In consideration to the study of Campbell, et al. (2021), AIP is considered as a key aspect of providing safety and security to the elderly people. Care accomplices and medical care partners in this study concurred that having a protected home climate, keeping up areas of strength for with networks with others, and having facilitated medical care administrations are vital to help more established grown-ups effectively age set up. While specialists have utilized subjective methodologies and measurable models to distinguish relevant AIP factors, apparently this study is quick to recognize exceptionally significant local area based AIP factors focused on across member gatherings (Vanleerberghe, et al., 2017). Three perspectives about personal satisfaction of the private consideration home elderly person were distinguished which are perspectives on private consideration home seniors on personal satisfaction, factors influencing personal satisfaction of private consideration home elderly person and techniques to work on personal satisfaction in private consideration home elderly person (Lee, et al., 2019). In consideration to the overall methodology used in the research, it is evident that the literature review has provided theoretical data and information regarding the age care setting. However, consideration of primary data based methodology could have been effective in exploring the realistic information as well as perspective.
Research gap
The research is the most important element of the literature review. It explores and determines the gap that requires to be fulfilled with the consideration of further research on a topic. In regards to this topic, the literature review has been inefficient to explore the proper perspective and situation of elders living in aged care home. Their problems or the quality of services received in aged care home is quite unknown that needs to explored through further researches. Along with this, the research gap also includes the lack of understanding of relationship between the carers and aged people. The kind of information would be effective in the research to understand the overall situation of aged people. Thus, the further research is justified and significant to explore the information regarding the identified literature gap.
Research proposal
Title of research question
Based on the identified gap from the literature review, the research question has been developed for the research proposal. The question is as follows:
- What does the elderly people live in care home thought about the quality of services?
Aim and objectives
Aim of the research is to explore the living quality of elderly people in care home setting and understand their perception regarding the living condition.
Objectives of the research are as follows:
- To identify the socio-economic background of the elderly people living in the care home.
- To understand the reasons of elderly people living in the care home setting.
- To evaluate the feelings of elderly people living in the care home setting.
Methodology
The research will involve the consideration of philosophy, approach, and design to appropriately select the data collection procedure. The philosophy in research is defined as the belief that a researcher considers in collection, analysis and interpretation of data (Zangirolami-Raimundo, et al., 2018). The research philosophy can be segregated into three major types which are positivism, realism, and interpretivism. In consideration to the topic, this research will consider the positivism research philosophy. It will allow the research to collect factual data and consider the perception of elderly people. The data collection under the philosophy also involves the consideration of objectives which will justify this entire research process.
In case of the research approach, it is considered as the plan and procedure consisting of the steps related to broad assumptions of the detailed method of data collection, analysis and interpretation. In consideration to the research topic, the inductive or deductive research approach is considered in research. Inductive research approach involves the development of a theoretical based on the basis of practical or realistic information (Mohajan, 2018). While deductive research approach is entirely opposite of it as the deductive research approach involves the procedure of deducting a topic or sentence to generalize the theoretical information. Here, the practical information regarding the living condition of elderly people in care home is available. Thus, the research will focus on considering the inductive research approach. The research approach will ensure the research to consider the factual information and develop a theoretical perspective on the living conditions of elderly people in care home.
Research design is another key element of a research study. It is defined as the overall strategy to integrate the components of a research study in a logical and coherent way. In consideration to the research design, exploratory, explanatory, descriptive, and case study are some of the common types of research design (Snyder, 2019). In this research, the descriptive research design will be considered. The descriptive research design will be considered in the research to describe the characteristics of population as well as phenomenon involved in the study. The common definition of descriptive research design is that the description of characteristics of research population can be performed. Here, it is important to explore the characteristics of research population for understanding the issues and care services received by the elderly people in care home setting.
The research will focus on considering the qualitative research strategy. The qualitative research methodology will be considered to ensure that the research involves in a process that allows proper explanation of the topic. The qualitative methodology involves the non numerical data and information to explore a topic. Here, consideration of qualitative research methodology will allow in exploring the topic with proper explanation of each of the themes (Kumar, 2019). The literature review formed for the research is also focused on the consideration of qualitative data which is why the research will use the qualitative methodology. In consideration to the qualitative research strategy, the research will consider the use of primary data. The primary data will be collected using the interview method. The interview method will allow the research in understanding the perspective of elderly people living in the care home. The interview will involve total of 6 participants from 3 different care home. From each of the care home, two participants will be considered for the interview. The participants will be selected for the interview from different care home to understand the different types of issues and differences between the service delivery of the care home. The interview will be conducted through online platform to save timing for travelling purpose as well as obligate to the protocol of Covid-19 pandemic. For each of the participant, 25 to 30 minutes will be considered for the interview. The interview will be based on the semi structured interview. The semi structured interview will be followed to ensure that the interview process raise question as per the feedback or responses of the participants.
Analysis
The analysis method in a research study is decided on the basis of type of data collected. In this research, the type of data to be collected is qualitative data. Thus, the research will involve the consideration of an analysis technique that is aligned with the qualitative data. With the consideration of qualitative data, the research will focus on analysing the data collected through interview method (Kumar, 2019). The qualitative data based analysis technique to be considered in the research will be thematic data analysis. Using the interview transcript as the topic sentences, this research will focus on developing the themes. The themes will be analysed to understand and explore the topic. The thematic data analysis will also allow the research to understand and explore the issues with specific focus to certain aspects of living in care home.
Ethical and practical issues
In collection of data through the interview method, the research could face major complication related to ethics. In a primary data based research, it is quite important to consider ethics for avoiding legal and ethical issues. Further, consideration of ethics is also important to obligate to the guidelines of the university integrity policy. This research will follow the ethical guidelines. Under the ethical consideration, consent will be undertaken from the research participants. Before taking the consent, the researcher will also provide information regarding the research to the participants. Following this, the participant will be required to provide consent for their participation in the research. Further, the research will ensure that the personal information of the participants will not be considered for the research purpose. The participants will also be allowed to avoid any question or quit the interview if they feel uncomfortable. Along with this, the research will also consider gaining permission from the care home authority. It is important to seek permission of the authority so that any kind of obligation they cannot raise. The researcher will also ensure the participants as well as care home that the research data will only be used for the academic purposes.
References
Campbell, M. et al., 2021. Prioritizing supports and services to help older adults age in place: A Delphi study comparing the perspectives of family/friend care partners and healthcare stakeholders. PloS one, 16(11), p. e0259387.
Cleland, J. et al., 2021. What defines quality of care for older people in aged care? A comprehensive literature review. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 21(9), pp. 765-778.
Kraus, S., Breier, M. & Dasí-Rodríguez, S., 2020. The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), pp. 1023-1042.
Kumar, R., 2019. Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. 01 ed. London: Sage Publications Limited.
Lee, D., Yu, D. & Kwong, A., 2019. Quality of life of older people in residential care home: a literature review. Journal of nursing and healthcare of chronic illness, 1(2), pp. 116-125.
Mignani, V., Ingravallo, F., Mariani, E. & Chattat, R., 2017. Perspectives of older people living in long-term care facilities and of their family members toward advance care planning discussions: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. Clinical interventions in aging, 12(1), p. 475.
Mohajan, H., 2018. Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), pp. 23-48.
Okoli, C., 2015. A guide to conducting a standalone systematic literature review. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37(1), p. 43.
Snyder, H., 2019. Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104(1), pp. 333-339.
Statista , 2022. Number of people living in care homes in the United Kingdom in 2020, by country. [Online]
Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1082379/number-of-people-living-in-care-homes-in-the-united-kingdom/#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20there%20were%20490%2C326,in%20care%20homes%20in%20England.
[Accessed 19 September 2022].
Thomé, A., Scavarda, L. & Scavarda, A., 2016. Conducting systematic literature review in operations management. Production Planning & Control, 27(5), pp. 408-420.
Vanleerberghe, P. et al., 2017. The quality of life of older people aging in place: a literature review. Quality of Life Research, 26(11), pp. 2899-2907.
Xiao, Y. & Watson, M., 2019. Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of planning education and research, 39(1), pp. 93-112.
Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Echeimberg, J. & Leone, C., 2018. Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 28(3), pp. 356-360.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Know more about UniqueSubmission’s other writing services:
