Assignment Sample on Contemporary Issues in Tourism Hospitality
Introduction
Tourism is considered to be an important part of the emergence of the development of the market and profit for many economies globally. Manchester, the capital of the North in the UK has a remarkable impact and effect on the development in the growth of the tourism industry. One of the most beautiful cities in the UK, ‘Manchester’ is popular for Castle field, science and industry museum. The aim of the study is to examine the various aspects of the contemporary issue selected ‘Sustainability tourism in Manchester’ in the tourism industry. The purpose of the report is to analyze the changes in climate due to the tourism industry and discuss the solutions.
The most appropriate method for demonstrating the wealth of the tourism industry with the strategy is critically evaluated. The well-organized way for the proper execution and observation and the evolution can be significantly strong. The evidence is comprehensible and perceptible with the results of the policy or program that is initiated. The main key elements which are used to measure growth and development are time, money, tourists, and space. Tourism can be considered as one of the activities where people travel from their native places to the different outstations for relaxing and spending their leisure time (Bacsi, 2020). The wealth of the Manchester tourism industry represents approximately 7 percent of the world’s GDP and donates more than 8 percent of the complete employment.
The tourists of the tourism industry are classified into three categories which include domestic tourism, inbound and outbound tourism. As argued by Balsalobre-Lorente et al. (2020), tourism is very important which helps to uplift the wealth of the country or place by creating enormous job opportunities for the locals. Though Manchester, the city of the UK is very beautiful and eye-catching for tourists, tourism helps to develop the infrastructure of the city. In the tourism industry, the issues of sustainability such as climatic change, government actions, advancing the circular economy are huge which can have an impact on the complete sector of the regions. As opined by Fang et al. (2018), the demand for local goods and crafts becomes larger creating a great benefit or advantage for the locals with the evolution of the tourism industry.
2.1 Contribution
Climatic change is the common factor of the environment but many sustainable issues are formed due to the tourism industry. Though the tourism industry is considered to be the world’s largest industry, it contributes more than 8 percent of the emission of carbon in the atmosphere. The industry of Tourism is expanding and as a consequence, the emission of greenhouse gas is increasing. The tourism industry contributing to the change in climate can be classified in many ways such as traveling by air, water, road, and rail. It is shown in the research and study that due to the transportation of global tourism which is approximately 50 percent, the carbon footprint is increasing.
The tourism industry creates the same amount of pollution as the other industries responsible for greenhouse gas and global warming (Wilkins et al. 2018). The release of greenhouse gas results in an increase in carbon footprint and global warming which is very harmful to the people as the CO2 gas is intoxicated. In the survey on the tourism industry, it is found that the prosperous people of the nation or society have a huge effect on tourism-related carbon footprint than the lower or the middle classes. The increase has risen due to the excessive demand for the service and the products.
As stated by Balsalobre-Lorente et al. (2020), it is evident from the figure that transportation is mostly responsible for the emission of Greenhouse gas and global warming. The sector of global tourism is extremely sensitive as climate describes the tourism seasons’ length and quality. It impacted the operations of tourism such as travel management, hotel management, transportation management, and much more and influenced the condition of the environment which both deter and attract travelers.
2.2 Solutions
The changes in the atmosphere and environment which is caused by the tourism industry can be prevented in many ways. The pollution that is caused by the air, water, and land is mainly responsible for the release of harmful gases into the atmosphere which increases carbon footprint. In the city of Manchester, the changes in the climate can be stopped or averted with the use of Renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable transportation. Sustainable transportation is very important as this sector harms the atmosphere and environment creating a life risk for the survival of humans (Rasoolimanesh et al. 2020). The beautiful city of the UK, Manchester should use clean fuels in the vehicle and can help to sustain the environment positively.
Renewable energies can be described as the change in the natural source of energy rather than using artificial energy. Solar and geothermal energy must be used in the hotels and the hoses for the prevention of climatic change. There is a need for minimizing the carbon footprints by restructuring the old vehicle models and designing a new sustainable vehicle for a better future. Fossil fuel is the key element for the emission which should be consumed less and waste management should be done properly (Tang et al. 2017). The people who travel from one country to the other throw their waste on the roadways which should be stopped and the sustainable method should be applied.
3. Present and future role of Artificial Intelligence within the Tourism Industry
Present role: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making it more flexible for the tourism industry and dependable with the passing time. At present, most industries are using AI features to carry out different services and administrative tasks. The travel industry of Manchester city uses AI features for enhancing a better experience and reducing the error caused by humans. AI technology is very beneficial as it helps to book online tickets of any place, provides the navigation guide for the traveler, and allows us to track on track records. As opined by Tussyadiah (2020), AI helps in the development of tailor recommendations and faster in the response times for the customers which sometimes are impossible for the humans to operate. AI also helps in the maintenance of data calculation digitally and in the technological process for better interaction with the customer.
Future role: Most of the industry as well as the travel industry have adopted the technological trend for experiencing the best platform. Though the trend is evolving, with the passing time, it is getting more advanced and some of the ways must be implemented where AI can be improved. The implementation of the Conversational application can gradually evolve for reducing the tone and volume of conversation. Social media machine tools need to be accessed that helps in deciphering the sentiment which can be relatable to the journey of the travelers (Robinson et al. 2019). The access to the tools can be before the travel, during the travel, or post-travel. The power bots stated that the unstructured data can be declined and utilization of natural language enhances the fast responses to the concerns of the customer.
4. Contemporary issues in the Labour Market
As the tourism industry is considered to be the largest industry, it produces huge employability of the citizens, except the origin of foreign exchange for the country. The tourism industry of Manchester city has given jobs or work to over 60000 people around the country (Cheng and Edwards, 2019). The tourism industry is directly or indirectly attached to the labor market which helps in maximizing employment in the country UK. Though the benefits are more but with the increase in the quantity of CO2, the sustainability of the environment is affected by the industry. The natural beauty of the city or the country is degraded due to the use of artificial resources and increasing tourist activities. As opined by Ali et al. (2020) the tourism industry helps in the reduction of the unemployment rate by creating more job opportunities but sustainability should be maintained for a better environment.
5. Demographic shift due to the aging populations
Demographic factors can be considered as physical factors including age, size, structure, and many more. The aging population can have a negative impact on the tourism industry and the effect is critically measured on the travel motivation in Manchester. It is very natural to cope up that the strength of human potential decreases with the increase in age (Scott et al. 2020). The tourism industry can face a heavy loss if the populations of the demography shift increases. The old aged or the elderly people cannot explore the maximum places as it is difficult to reach the level beyond their limitation.
6. Sharing economy and its impacts
Sharing economy means wealth and prosperity are shared among the different countries for maximizing the profit and earning more revenues from the tourists. It is based on the peer to peer sharing where the wealth points are rented rather than buying. As opined by Robinson et al. (2019), the economy is the main base of this industry where individuals are often examined based on the economy. In this tourism industry, the economy or the wealth is accessed through the process of accommodation and means of transportation. The impact of the international economy has an enormous positive impact on the long run of the growth of the business economy through various channels. Tourism brings liquidity into the country through various ways such as employment, taxes and imports, and currency exchange rates (Keesstra et al. 2018). There are several reasons for the development which consists of improvement in technology and the growth in the budgets of airlines.
7. The impacts of Tourism Industry upon well-being or Quality of life (QoL)
Tourism makes a positive impact on the tourist’s life domains, like social life, leisure life, cultural life, and family life, and contributes to life satisfaction. The economic impact of the industry can also create the community’s life easier, providing jobs. The beneficial influence or positive impact of the tourism industry is the growth in employment as well as the attraction for investment. Numbers of tourists undertake traveling for breaking away from the usual life in the same environment to spend luxurious leisure time and achieve experiences. According to the view of Skalska (2017), it also contributes to a favorable index upon well-being or the quality of life. The tourism industry increases the lifestyle of the number of people in the domains of the tourist place and creates a source of income.
The effect of the tourism industry on well-being and the quality of life measures emotional well-being, material well beings and health. However, the tourism industry in Manchester is the most valuable economic sector which includes a number of local authorities to earn the money. The environmental and natural beauty attracts and fascinates millions of visitors in Manchester and improves the well-being and quality of life of the locality.
8. Pro-poor tourism
Pro-poor tourism is considered as the net benefit for the poor from the dimensions of economic, social, cultural, or environmental. Though pro-poor tourism is not the particular sector of the tourism industry, it is a beneficial approach for the poor. It is an idea for the implementation of tourism as a tool of poverty reduction and for the sake of financial and economic growth of the communities. In the words of Onete et al. (2018), the foremost and fundamental priority is the development of human rights through eliminating poverty. ‘Sustainable tourism for eliminating poverty is one of the effective and productive programs for the poor communities, launched by UNWTO to get different positive results.
‘Pro-poor tourism’ is more beneficial mainly for the developing countries as well as improves the financial scale of every country. As opined by Cheng et al. (2019), It is known that the tourism sector of Great Manchester supports 94,000 jobs with a worth of huge profit.
9. Tourism and human rights
Nowadays, tourism is the largest as well as the first growing sector of the worldwide industries with the potential to generate jobs. However, frequently the development of tourism violates the citizen’s human rights, particularly the vulnerable and poor communities. Sometimes, it exacerbates poverty by trapping the poor in cycles of deprivation. The industry also tries to adopt the initiative ‘Putting Tourism to Rights Campaign’ to end the abuses of human rights in tourism. The tourism industry as well as the UK government must approve the steps, ensuring the human rights of the communities. The UK government is also aware of international law to protect and save the tourism destinations in line.
The abuses of human rights include loss of livelihoods, displacements from the land and homes for creating a way to develop tourism. Loss of access to natural resources like grazing land, freshwater with the local cultures for tourist attraction also falls as a major abuse. As stated by Akbar and Tracogna (2018), it is seen that poor economic scale for the local employees of the tourist industry and is also a kind of abuse of human rights. As narrated by Carneiro et al. (2018), for these reasons, the UK government adopts international law to protect the rights of the communities. Sometimes for the pursuit of currency exchange and foreign investment, it is noticed that many governments prioritize the profits of the large business. The prioritizations that allow violation of human rights, as well as exploitation and the adherence to human rights norms, are weak in many countries.
The business sector of the industry has also some responsibilities to respect the local communities and human rights of the poor. For the issues on human rights, the UK government founded the UK Commission on Business, Human Rights and the Environment for holding the UK business. As opined by Mathew and Sreejesh (2017), the UK commission operates the accountability of the human rights of the local communities as well as the environmental impacts. Based on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the industry takes the responsibility to mitigate human rights, occurring throughout the supply chains. The Great Manchester is always aware of the international laws and protects the locals from human rights abuses and controls for ensuring sustainable development. The UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) involves more members to inspect the views of abuses of human rights and exploitation of the communities.
10. The potential of space tourism
Space tourism is space travel for recreational purposes and another major sector of the tourism industry. There are a number of varieties of space tourism consisting of suborbital, orbital, and lunar space tourism. As stated by Suess et al. (2018), Space tourism or the aviation industry is the fundamental part that serves the tourists the experience of space travel. In the words of Vada et al. (2018), the large sector of the industry can easily differentiate the poor from the rich as tourism is very expensive and luxurious. Orbital space tourism is only performed by the Russian Space Agency till now and suborbital space tourism is gradually developing by aerospace companies.
The supersonic fighter MIG-29 takes the tourists to experience and enjoy the view from the stratosphere. As opined by Holm et al. (2017), the emergence of advanced technology has a significant role to attract tourists to visit space and allows it to operate on its own. For creating space tourism affordable to tourists, the renowned company SpaceX is experimenting with digital materials with reusable technologies. Along with the number of benefits like jobs, explorations, economy, and technology advancement, there are some limitations of space tourism. As stated by Jordan et al. (2019), the limitations include the safety of the tourists and the cost of tourism and also cause the space pollution that leads to global warming. The projects from the companies like SpaceX, Boeing, and Axiom Space Plan are going to introduce the International Space Stations to attract more tourists.
11. Use of social media and photography in Tourism
In recent times, the use of social media among the citizens as well as the tourists is gradually increasing. As opined by Bakker and Messerli (2017), the use of social media in the business and marketing sector of the tourism industry has made a rapid change in the tourism scenario. From gathering the information on the tourist place, the tourists use social media and the media also enhances the citizen for sharing the travel experiences. As narrated by Zajadacz and Minkwitz (2020), the use of photography has already transformed the view towards the beauty of the place and helps to reach the photographs to every person. The advancement of technology of the cameras through DSLR or mobiles has changed the idea of photography.
Through capturing the little moments as joy and memory, the tourists capture the photographs and share them through social media. Additionally, the tourism industry also shares photographs of the places and hotels and advertises on social media to attract tourists to the places. There are several agencies in the tourism industry and they share the deals and advertisements through Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. According to the view of Ferraz and Serpa (2021), the advertising and the photographs attract a number of nature lovers as well as tourists to the destination.
Social media and photographs have changed the concept of tourism and tourists like to visit different places every year. Social media helps to increase the tourist flows and attracts tourists by constantly uploading photographs. The hotels and the businessman are also offering various exclusive deals the attracting photos for the tourists. As stated by Musselman and Hampton (2020), for enhancing the tourism industry with a tourist attraction, social media with photography has played a major role in recent times.
12. Conclusion
From the above discussion of sustainable tourism in Manchester, it can be concluded that in the tourism industry, maintaining transparency is difficult. The study develops multiple challenges and aspects of the tourism industry like the changes in waste management, reducing carbon emission. Through avoiding the use of traditional methods of transportation and the use of plastics can be adopted, focusing on eco-tourism. Additionally, the tourism industry in the UK takes various responsibilities regarding waste management and takes protection against the abuse of human rights. The potential of space tourism is another major factor that improves the financial sector of the UK government. Aspects of ecotourism with the adaptation of green technology help in diminishing the contemporary sustainable tourism issues in the UK countries like Manchester. The tourism industry in Manchester gradually increases the economic level of the country and becomes a fundamental sector of the citizens.
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