7ENT01129 Materials engineering for healthcare settings
Choose and propose a novel nanomaterials technology to tickle urgent healthcare needs
Introduction
This project is to investigate how nano material technology can be used in addressing current urgent health care needs. Nanotechnology as the name suggests is the combination of engineering and science which controls the power of tiniest of molecules and atoms in the material being used. Nano materials are of both natural compounds and synthesized. In today’s medicine world lots of researchers are taken place in order to use this technology .Some of the most widely used application are as drug transporters , imaging application and in early deduction of various chronic diseases and infections .
One of the most urgent and unexpected medical need that was faced globally was Covid – 19. It was declared a pandemic by world health organization. The novel corona virus has infected various countries and people has to face strict mobility restriction that were implied by the government as an attempt to control the infection. In views of Malaba diet al 2021 , Many countries like Russia, China and USA have their vaccination available for this disease but they are only 85-95 guaranteed.
Nano technologists are now trying to use nano material to find prevention and cure for novel corona virus. The danger of Corona infection is once again lying globally after seeing the current conditions in China , it is predicted that the third wave may come. Nonmaterial has a unit size between 10-100 nm , which means that the material have better flexible and can have desired reactivity , thermos elasticity , weight , light spectrum and velocity. The material is developed using micro fabrication and can have better properties when it comes to mechanical, thermo , physical and chemical features. As this is a novel field many researchers are still going on for medicinal health , pharmaceutical solutions , drug transportation , carbon nano etc.
Nano technology and corona virus
Nano technologists believes that nano material can be a revolutionary step in corona virus spread control and treatment. Many Labs across the world has researched, invented and applied nano materials in manufacturing of filtered masks, self diagnose kits and even as drug transporter in vaccinations. This respiratory syndrome disorder has already cost more than 4 million lives globally.
Nano Materials are applied in making dual affect masks. This SARs family virus spreads with droplets and have a capacity to infect for 7-10 days. Frequently touched places like door knobs, lift buttons, handles can be the points for virus spread Nano materials used in masks helped in securing from droplets and self disinfesting. Many hospitals also used floor and other surface disinfectant made of nano materials to ensure safety of its staff and patients from secondary infections
Material used:
The studies show that silver and copper has very high antiviral properties. These materials are ancient and were being used since historical times as antiviral element and compounds. However nano materials of silver and copper have not only increased biomedical usage and functions but also have better performance due to surface and volume proportion.
As per Zeng et al 2022 , Nano Gold particles are also used as catalysts to disinfect various bacteria and viruses. It is done by generating reactive oxygen molecules in the given wavelength. Apart from this various non metallic nano materials are also used in this process. Some of the examples for the same are:
- hydrophobic grapheme
- Titanium Dioxide fiber
These nano materials helps in self disinfection and also adds a layer to the mask to ensure that the virus and other harmful Pathogens are not accumulated on the surface pores.
Nano Materials in Covid – 19 identification:
Another important application of nano materials are in making bio sensor devices which helps in easy diagnosis and prevention of this syndrome. To control the spread and prevent any further wave , early stage detection is very crucial. The nanotechnologists with the help of nano robots and thermal amplifications , have developed biosensors that reacts when find any unusual temperature , chemical , PH or any other condition in human body .In views of Tiamiyu et al 2021 , Image application is also an emerging field which does not only help in Respiratory virus deduction but also helps in early detection of chronic diseases like cancer , HIV AIDS , Diabetes , Alzheimer or any cardio related condition. These biosensors use material like grapheme sheets , with a antigens and can easily recognize and inform abut spike protein of the virus.
Devices like Field Effect Transistor and bioassay which are developed by researchers using grapheme sheets and gold particles have the ability to target minute details and protein antigens which has made the Covid test easy and fast.
Covid -19 vaccination and Nano material
These Nano material are used as drug transporters and facilitates drug delivery in corona virus vaccination. These material provide high diffusion and solubility , reduces side effects , slow release , equal dispersion , improves efficacy , additional vectors for RNA and DNA based vaccines , spherical shape .It adds to stability , payloads and kinetics of the drug. These particles also induces human cellular and immune response.
Material used:
- aluminum salts,
- Chitosan ,
- graphene,
- Alginate ,
- silica ,
- Cellulose ,
- gold
- Dendrimers ,
- polymerized and hollow polymeric
- Liposome
- spike protein
As described by Rashidzadeh et al 2021 , Nano carriers are also being used to encapsulate the antigens. It helps in better and long term and more sustained drug delivery. Researchers have also said that spike protein along with these nano material particles help in stimulating immune responses which makes nano carriers more effective in medicinal process as compared to traditional methods.
Research Methodology
The research uses the secondary data and it is a secondary method of research. As lots of work is already being done in this field, various researchers have collected data. Application of nano technology and developing nano material is the newest field in health and medicinal sciences. This study uses both qualitative and quantitative data. The researcher has studied previously done work and used the application accordingly. Corona novel virus is considered to be the immediate need of health care centre round the world and the researcher has based the research on two main themes – Nano materials and Covid virus spread.
Discussions
A lot of studies are being conducted , there are various plant based nano material products that re being used from ancient times. The main purpose is to reduce short term and long term harmful affects of the antivirus and anti biotic drugs on the human body. These plant based medicinal components are used a lot in Indian culture .It decreases the affect of non biological and synthetic product. However the natural components cannot be customized and may not have desired properties. As stated by Alimardani et al 2021 , They also change their physical properties under various different conditions like temperature, light spectrum , colour, protein , spikes and other antigens.
However right now Nano technical application to medicinal and health field is limited however in the future it is going to increase. The lab formulation of synthetic material may come under government scrutiny and laws related to manufacturing , testing , selling , prescribing and distributing such particles can be checked and controlled in the government. Another important discussion point around the usage of this technology in N number of field and bright future is usage of natural and renewable technology. It is a cost effective alternate and process as it can use kinetic , thermo , solar or hydro energy in its devices. This can be a revolution to save scarce non renewable resources.
Conclusion
The report describes various factors of nano materials that can be used in prevention, detection and cure of this respiratory syndrome. Corona virus presented a challenge in front of the whole world health care system. Researchers from the laboratories from round the world applied nano technology by using principles of science , technology and engineering. These materials can be synthetic and natural and are developed with the aim of achieving better reactivity , thermal composition , kinetic energy , vectors , mechanical properties , thermo compounds etc. The natural nano particles have the efficiency to decrease the side effects and long term sustainable of the treatment however synthetic nano particles have more flexibility in terms of development of biological properties. In Corona Virus these particles are used as disinfectants, antigens , drug carriers , vaccination and encapsulating compounds and various deduction devices.
References
Tiamiyu, A.O., Adelodun, B., Bakare, H.O., Ajibade, F.O., Kareem, K.Y., Ibrahim, R.G., Odey, G., Goala, M. and Adeniran, J.A., 2021. Role of Nanotechnology in Coronavirus Detection. Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus: Advanced Biosensors for Pandemic Viruses and Related Pathogens, pp.87-103.
Alimardani, V., Abolmaali, S.S. and Tamaddon, A.M., 2021. Recent advances on nanotechnology-based strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus infections. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021.
Rashidzadeh, H., Danafar, H., Rahimi, H., Mozafari, F., Salehiabar, M., Rahmati, M.A., Rahamooz-Haghighi, S., Mousazadeh, N., Mohammadi, A., Ertas, Y.N. and Ramazani, A., 2021. Nanotechnology against the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): diagnosis, treatment, therapy and future perspectives. Nanomedicine, 16(6), pp.497-516.
Malabadi, R.B., Meti, N.T. and Chalannavar, R.K., 2021. Applications of nanotechnology in vaccine development for coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (Covid-19). International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovations. 2021b, 8(2), pp.191-198.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Know more about UniqueSubmission’s other writing services:
