BSOM078 Report Sample
Introduction
In this report, the stages of innovation will be discussed. All five stages of diffusion of innovation will be discussed here. In recent times, there are so many new products are launching on the market. The new smart products are getting popular in less time and are adopted by the users. But there are also some products that are not adopted by the user due to some issue or reason. The issue or reason behind not adopting the new product will be mentioned in this report.
The maintenance strategies are also mentioned in the upcoming section. Maintenance is important for infrastructural assets. Maintenance is done to preserve the assets, not for the upgrading of the assets. There are some maintenance strategies for the maintenance of infrastructural assets. All the maintenance strategies will be discussed here. The problem that is there in the wireless network will be discussed in this report.
Question 1
The phases are a diffusion of innovation and the factors that affect innovation adoption.
The diffusion of innovation is an activity in which the audiences adopt the new product. This process allows the marketer and designer to inspect why only inferior products are getting success, not the superior product. The diffusion process is oilseed in the 1920s and 1930s. And in 1962 the first book was published about the diffusion of innovation. This process gives the idea that why the new technology and ideas are spread so easily. Diffusion of innovation “Rogers draws and Ryan and Gross’s” developed stages of this process. The stages are following:-
- Knowledge stage: – This step is for spreading the awareness about the\innovation. Because the world has a lack of information or idea about the term innovation. In this, the marketer will try to spread enough information about the product. This thing will help the product to go to the 2nd stage.
- Persuasion stage:- It is the point where the user has enough idea about the product. They use this information to know about the advantages and disadvantages of the product. In this stage, the marketers are trying to convey the benefits of the product as this diffusion of innovation is
- Decision stage: – Now the users know the pros and cons of the product. they compare it and decide whether the product is good or not. In this stage, the audience will decide whether the product will continue or not. Sometimes there is a trial process is also there for the product then the decision will be taken. If the rejection is taken for the product then there is no invitation.
- Implementation: – Now it is decided whether the product will continue or not. Once it is decided that the product is adopted by the audience then the audience will decide whether the product is useful for them or not. In this process, the marketers have to focus on the quality of the product.
- Confirmation: – In this stage, the user will take their last decision that whether they are going to use this product or not. This process mainly involves the experience of the user with the product.
Some factors are affected innovation adoption.
- Relative advantage:- It measures the economic term of the innovation
- Compatibility: – It measures whether the innovation has consistent or not. It belongs to the characteristics of the product that affect the adoption rate because the user will take time to adopt the product. For example, HD TVs are not complex products and provide better quality than normal TV. This is the reason HD TVs are adopted so fast by the users.
- The Complexity: – It measures the complex level of their product. It checks whether the product is easy to use or not or if there is some complex step for this step.
- Trainability: – It measures whether the product will fulfill the requirement or not.
- Observability: – It measures the speed of the product. It also checks whether this product is used only at home or any ware.
Question 2
Maintenance is so important for the infrastructure. Negation of maintenance in infrastructure is creating a bad effect on the economy, creating a big loss of money and time. Maintenance is done to preserve the assets, not for the upgrading of the assets. There are so many strategies for maintenance. Selecting the maintenance strategies for the infrastructure is required good knowledge about it. There is no specific formula for the selection of maintenance strategies. Mainly there are 4 common types of maintenance strategies that are used for the maintenance of infrastructure.
- Reactive maintenance: – It is also known as breakdown In simple words, it just fixes things when it breaks down. It has some advantages and disadvantages that are the following:-
Advantages:-
- There is no need for
- It is a money-saving
Disadvantages:-
- It is a time-consuming
- There is an unpredictable
- Preventive maintenance: – It is also known as proactive maintenance. This is maintenance before breaking down the The goal of this approach is to extend the useful life of an asset and prevent breakdowns from occurring. It has some advantages and disadvantages that are the following:-
Advantages:-
- It prevents the breakdown of the asset.
- It improves the efficiency of the asset.
- It increases the life of the asset.
- It reduces the safety risk.
Disadvantages:-
- It is a time-consuming process
- It required so much planning for the maintenance.
- It needs high budget planning.
3) Predictive maintenance: – In this process, it is aimed to predict the failure before it occurs. It will help the maintenance to be on time. It uses the data from the machines with the help of smart technology and alerts the maintenance team if there is any risk. The easiest way to predict the maintenance risk is a CMMS track meter reading. It has some advantages and disadvantages that are the following:-
Advantages:-
- It predicts the risk before the maintenance it will help to lessen the number of machine
- It reduces the coast maintenance. As already predicted by the sensor the maintenance is done on the time.
- It improves
Disadvantage:-
- There is some additional coast is added. For the prediction, smart technology and sensor are needed that is so coastally. It will add some extra cost.
- It takes a considerable amount of time to plan and implement a PDM schedule.
4) Reliability-centered maintenance: – It is a high-level process in which it analyzes all the possible accepted for the failure of the assets. The goal of this technique is “increase availability or reliability”. It has some advantages and disadvantages. That is the following:-
Advantages:-
- It can focus on the actives which are high risk.
- It makes the asset more efficient.
- It reduces the chance of sudden failure. It maintains the assets and finds all the possible ways of failure.
- It also reduced the cost. This process already eliminates unwanted failure.
Disadvantages:-
- It required regular maintenance to keep track of the possible ways of failure.
- It required the training. Before starting it is important to give the training.
- It does not focus on the economic problem.
- It is a complex method.
5) Corrective maintenance: – It is a form of maintenance where no routine maintenance is performed. Only the fully planned maintenance will perform. In simple words it identity only emergency maintenance which is need do within a time otherwise the failure will damage the asset. It has some advantages and disadvantages that are the following:-
Advantages:-
- It has a lower short-term cost.
- There is less work. It simply saves time and money.
- Less staff is required for this process.
- It does not require any long planning.
- It always provides the solution to the failure.
Disadvantages:-
- It increased the long-term cost.
- Sometimes unplanned assets are damaged. This creates a big problem.
- There is some asset for that this process is so costly.
- As it only works in emergency maintenance sometimes it creates huge damage to the
Question 3
A wireless sensor network consists the hundreds of nodes that could either have a fixed value or not have a fixed location. There is some problem that occurs in a wireless sensor network. Power consumption is one of the biggest problems in a wireless sensor network. Due to the power consumption, the communication between the nodes will affect. An aggregation point is introduced in the network to solve this problem. The use of aggregation point help to reduce the number of message exchange and also help to save money. This point is regular nodes that help to receive data from neighboring nodes. The transmitters also come under a wireless sensor network. In Transmitters, there is some failure. The main failure is pressure transmitters. Failure is caused by any reason.
1) Misapplication is the most common reason for the failure of transmitters. The term misapplication means that the wrong type of transmitters is used in the application. Such as using the tank level transmitters in a media stored tank.
2) Vibration and shock shake equipment apart over time, its impact that there is an issue in the device.
3) Overpressure and pressure spikes: – any device is used in a specific range.
4) Temperature: – To use the device for the maximum time, the device has to manage its temperature range. When the temperature will cross by deceiving there is a chance that devices will damage.
5) Water is the biggest reason for the failure of devices. As it is so basic reason that if water is used electronically it will damage that device.
6) Electrical interference:- Many of the devices are electronics but there is an issue with electric interference. Most electronic devices are well-shelled but when electromagnetic create pressure in a transmitter. Then it can damage the device or maybe reduce its life of the devices. Most of the time it damages the device.
7) Chemical damage: – Many transmitters are damaged due to chemicals. The chemical can reduce the life of the device and it can also damage the device.
The minimum cost for the purchasing is
Minimum cost = C – B^2 / 4A
In this case A = 700, B = 5 and C = 700
Minimum cost = 700 – 5^2/4*700
=700 – 25/2800
Minimum cost = 699.46
The Minimum cost for the given data is 699.46
Conclusion
In this assessment, there is a discussion on innovation. The term innovation is defined as a creating new smart product, technology, or service. The strategies which marketers have used for their new products are there in stages. There is a total of 5 stages of innovation. In the 2nd section, the maintenance strategies for the infrastructural assets are there. For long-lasting use of assets, maintenance is so important. There are different types of maintenance strategies are there. In this report, there is a discussion about 5 strategies that are good for the infrastructural assets. The benefits and demerits of these strategies are also discussed here. In the 3rd section decision problem for the wireless sensor network is there. Power consumption is one of the biggest problems in a wireless sensor network. These problems can reduce the life of devices or maybe it can damage the devices. The transmitters also come under a wireless sensor network. In Transmitters, there is some failure.
Reference list
Journal
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Journal
Kohles, J.C., Bligh, M.C. and Carsten, M.K., 2013. The vision integration process: Applying Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory to leader–follower communications. Leadership, 9(4), pp.466-485.
Minishi-Majanja, M.K. and Kiplang’at, J., 2005. The diffusion of innovations theory as a theoretical framework in library and information science research. South African journal of libraries and information science, 71(3), pp.211-224.
Sahin, I., 2006. Detailed review of Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory and educational technology-related studies based on Rogers’ theory. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 5(2), pp.14-23.
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Xiong, H., Payne, D. and Kinsella, S., 2016. Peer effects in the diffusion of innovations: Theory and simulation. Journal of behavioral and Experimental Economics, 63, pp.1-13.
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