GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY
Introduction
In this concise essay, certain aspects such as development of infrastructure regarding zero carbon
Emission electricity, advantages of electrification as well as hydrogen based energy and Australia’s competitive advantage for earthing carbon will be discussed precisely. Furthermore, two unit concepts regarding globalization and sustainability such as ecologically sustainable development as well as the concept of public goods and the role of government in addressing environmental crises will be considered thoroughly.
Argument of Ross Garnaut in development of zero carbon emission regime in Australia
It may be implied that there is a huge importance of globalization as well as environmental sustainability with the help of certain strategies such as low carbon emission. Furthermore, it may be stated that certain strategies as expressed by Ross Garnaut minimizing carbon emission regarding transport, agriculture will in turn lead Australia towards long term sustainability. Along with that, it may certainly be stated that during the year of 2015 in a meeting all the members of the United Nations developed a plan to hold the temperature to go down from 2 degree Celsius to 1.5 degree Celsius in order to lead towards global sustainability (The Conversation. 2021). However, it may be argued that there it has been possible to hold the temperature to 1.75 degree Celsius in the span of years from 2015 to 2019. On the other hand, very low interest regimes such as certain fall in the cost of significant equipment for wind and solar energy has prominently led Australia towards attaining globalization as well as environmental sustainability.
Apart from that, it needs to be stated that Australia has been able to develop certain technologies at low cost in order to store renewable energy and the Government of Australia holds renewable energy for every person which is a great advantage towards long term sustainability. Moreover, as expressed by Ross Garnaut, through using hydrogen based energy Australia will be able to engage in reducing carbon emissions in the high-temperature industries and along with that, in the transport sectors also which will in turn lead towards globalization and environment sustainability. On a contradictory note, it may be argued that usage of Hydrogen in the energy systems is certainly complex due to its relationships with other energy sources (Hanley et al., 2018). In addition to that, it may be mentioned that Australia is certainly focussing on the developing green cars which will in turn lead Australia towards long term sustainability with the help of renewable energy. Moreover, it may be opined that limit to growth certainly leads to five factors such as increase in population, depletion of non renewable resources, less agricultural production, generation of huge amounts of pollution and industrial output.
It may certainly be addressed that, increased population, depletion of non renewable energy will certainly be a huge problem and it may hamper the progress towards attaining globalization and long sustainability. On the other hand, it may be argued that Australia has been able to develop a huge amount of renewable energy as well as certain technologies at low cost which will in turn lead towards long term sustainability. On the contrary, it may be mentioned that climate change has received a prominent amount of debates around the concepts regarding limits to growth (Van Den Bergh, 2017). Furthermore, it may be mentioned that European exports rely on Australian exports regarding zero emissions products thus, it may be considered that Australia is making a huge step in the globalization process as well as in the process attaining long term sustainability. Electrification in every aspect such manufacturing of electric cars with certain technologies that has been developed at low cost will certainly lead Australia towards long term environmental sustainability.
In order to global sustainability, the key benefits of hydrogen fuel for transport may include that it may offer refuelling times and driving ranges as conventional fuels. In addition to that, hydrogen based vehicles may fuel at hydrogen gas stations and there are no issues on fuelling dispensers. The vehicle in Australia with hydrogen fuel transfers hydrogen into electricity utilizing it from the atmosphere, therefore, the advantage of hydrogen based vehicles may maintain ecological sustainability which may help to protect the environment from any emissions. On the other hand, it may be argued that hydrogen based transport is expensive as well as storage complications are the disadvantages of hydrogen based transport in Australia. Although battery based transport is free of carbon emission, solid electrolyte inter-phases for stable and electrochemical energy storage in batteries (Tu et al., 2018). These effective measures may be controlled or adopted by the Australian government with the help of proper motivation through which environmental pollution may be controlled effectively efficiently.
Australia may build an exceptional contribution to climate change by making a natural system to store environmental pollutants such as carbon in soils, woodland forests through which Australia may maintain biodiversity in a significant way. The competitive advantages of earthing carbon is to control the pollutants with the help of hydrogen and battery based transport through the carbon emissions may be controlled. It is highly necessary that Australia take necessary action for building a pollutant free environment through which Australian businesses may hold their positions in the international market. Australia may need systemic incentives to adopt strategic pathways to reduce the carbon emission from the air. Moreover, it may be argued that above ground woody biomass areas may be considered as carbon sequestration rates where carbon emissions have been removed from the atmosphere as well as held in liquid and solid form.
The importance of public policy and public investment is crucial as it contributes significantly towards sustainable economic growth. The government provides public goods due to the inability of the market to provide required amenities to the public. Consumers need to be encouraged to take better care of public goods as some people require public goods more than others (Peck et al., 2021). The government needs to implement policies in order to lead a nation towards sustainable development as globalisation has various adverse effects on the environment. The government aims at reducing the carbon emissions of Australia by 45% and it is a great initiative on part of the Australian government as carbon emission contributes towards global warming.
On the other hand, it may be argued that the government needs to ensure maintenance of the security system under rules developed by Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). The AEMO aims at managing gas and electricity across markets in Australia and ensures that every citizen has equal access to the essential resources gas and electricity. On the contrary, the government of Australia may focus on introducing vehicles that run on battery instead of fuel which will be an approach towards sustainability. Moreover, the government needs to make available substantial public support for infrastructure for charging vehicles as battery operated vehicles need to be charged in order to run. Additionally, the government needs to implement laws with rigorous controls on land clearing and decrease the effect of land pollution. Ross Garnaut’s revolutionary argument revolves around two arguments which are the economics of renewable electricity and the importance of public opinion. It may be opined that the arguments of Ross Garnaut are revolutionary and the debate about the profitability of generating renewable electricity without distorting subsidies or regulatory compulsion has crossed new thresholds (Lowyinstitute.org. 2021).
Technologies have been developed for the production and storage of zero-emission energy within Australia. However, these particular technologies are very capital intensive projects, they hold a significant advantage for Australia in the future fall of the global interest rates have highly benefited Australia in developing the technologies. Low global interest rates have significantly reduced the cost of transition in Australia which resulted in the competitive advantage of Australia. The comprehensive modelling which was undertaken for reviewing the Garnaut review suggests that the transition in the technology would entail a manageable but noticeable sacrifice of the Australian population’s income in the first half of the century. On the contrary, it was also stated that the Australian population would be highly benefited in the longer run due to the introduction of these latest technologies for the production of zero emission energy.
Different policy framework is very crucial for the government of Australia in order to achieve the development of sustainable energy production in the country. Several early developments of policies must be done without interfering with the federal government policies of Australia. The first step in the transition is to focus on the reliability and security of the electric supplies by the regulatory bodies as electricity is directly drawn from renewable sources. The next crucial step is that there must be enough support from the Australian government for the transition process of transformation of the power transmission system for allowing expansion of supply in huge amounts from regions who are rich in high quality renewable resources. Most importantly, the commonwealth may secure competitive capital cost by underwriting new investments in the field of renewable electricity. These are few of the recommendations which could solve the problems of renewable electricity for Australian population in the future.
Conclusion
According to the above discussion it could be stated that Australia remains in the pole position in the global transition in forming a zero net carbon emission and forming a superpower with the aid of the above mentioned strategies. Furthermore, due to the transition of these strategies Australia could face a minor economic setback in present however, in the future it will prove to be a significant advantage for Australia.
References
Hanley, E.S., Deane, J.P. and Gallachóir, B.Ó., 2018. The role of hydrogen in low carbon energy futures–A review of existing perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, pp.3027-3045.
Lowyinstitute.org. 2021. Favourites of 2019: Ross Garnaut on climate. [online] Available at: <https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/favourites-2019-ross-garnaut-climate> [Accessed 21 April 2021].
Peck, J., Kirk, C.P., Luangrath, A.W. and Shu, S.B., 2021. Caring for the commons: Using psychological ownership to enhance stewardship behavior for public goods. Journal of Marketing, 85(2), pp.33-49.
The Conversation. 2021. Australia could fall apart under climate change. But there’s a way to avoid it. [online] Available at: <https://theconversation.com/australia-could-fall-apart-under-climate-change-but-theres-a-way-to-avoid-it-126341> [Accessed 21 April 2021].
Tu, Z., Choudhury, S., Zachman, M.J., Wei, S., Zhang, K., Kourkoutis, L.F. and Archer, L.A., 2018. Fast ion transport at solid–solid interfaces in hybrid battery anodes. Nature Energy, 3(4), pp.310-316.
Van Den Bergh, J.C., 2017. A third option for climate policy within potential limits to growth. Nature Climate Change, 7(2), pp.107-112.
