BS4106 Theory worksheet questions Sample
Cardiovascular and respiratory system Theory worksheet questions
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- “What are the four main chambers of the heart and which blood vessels do they attach to?” (5%)
Answer: Four main chambers of the heart are the right atrium which receives blood from the body, right ventricle which picks oxygen and removes carbon di-oxide, left atrium which is rich in oxygen and left ventricle which pumps the blood from the body. These are attached to blood vessels which bring blood to the lungs (Sandstedt et al., 2019).
- “What do the heart sounds (lub-dup) tell us about the action of the heart?” (10%)
Answer: The heart has four valves which acts like Pisces of pacers. These valves open and close like allowing blood to flow in the heart in a single direction. The Lub-Dub sound is mainly the closure of valves (Gundu and KARCİ, 2020). This happens due to the pulmonary and aortic valves closing in the heart.
- “What cardiovascular factors affect blood pressure?” (10%)
Answer: Blood pressure is increased by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. it also determines blood volume and viscosity and solidness of the blood. Blood pressure decreases when cardiac output and volume of blood and stretch ability of wells of vessels. Resistance in circulation is mainly utilized as a factor which affects the blood pressure (Fuchs and Whelton, 2020).
- “How is blood pressure controlled?” (15%)
Answer: Blood pressure is mainly controlled by different versions of the cardiovascular control system of a human body, and it helps the body in baroreceptor reflex and normal vascular mechanisms. It is mainly like shear stress release of nitric oxide and the myogenic vascular response and the endothelium of a body a human has (Filippini et al., 2020).
- “How is mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculated and why is it useful?” (10%)
Answer: The mean arterial pressure is measured by a formula in which the diastolic is doubled and added in the higher blood pressure and that helps to sum up the three divisions of MAP with various precis. it also affects the vasopressor dosage which can titrate the main total of MAP (Grillo et al., 2020).
6) “List the functions of the respiratory system “(10%)
Answer: The respiratory system has many attributes or functions such as:
allowing an individual to talk and smell, matches the body temperature to the air temperature which levels the requirements of the body. delivering oxygen and removing waste gases such as carbon di-oxide and protect the body from harmful materials and polluted irritants (Toukan et al., 2022).
7) “What features of the respiratory system help protect it from the external environment?” (15%)
Answer: Various materials in the respiratory system allow a human body to protect from irritant materials. It also focuses on production of the mucus in the lungs and cilia in the bronchioles to move the matter in different places. All the respiratory organs like gills and lungs provide blood for transporting respiratory gases (Azriful et al., 2021).
8) “What are the different pressures called when describing the process of ventilation?” (5%)
Answer: This kind of ventilation consists of three various pressure points. These pressure points are many different atmospheric pressure which is the pressure of the atmosphere. Interalveolar pressure and Intrapleural pressure. These are the main pressure points called when tare is a discussion on describing the process of ventilation.
9)” What characteristics of the respiratory system help produce efficient gas exchange in the lungs?” (10%)
Answer: There are basic characteristics in the respiratory system which plays a major part in producing gas exchange in lungs like; a respiratory membrane, the diffusion speed which is very high, high surface area and carbon di-oxide and oxygen and its lipid solubility (Fuchs and Whelton, 2020).
10) “How are O2 and CO2 transported in the blood?” (10%)
Answer: Carbon dioxide and oxygen is mainly dissolved in blood and its chemical combination to blood proteins as carbanions and as bicarbonate. Oxygen is mainly transferred in both the blood and its hemoglobin and it is mainly dissolved in blood and combined in hemoglobin in the erythrocytes.
Reference list
Azriful, A., Adnan, Y. and Rahmawaty, R., 2021. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROMOTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS FOR ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN TODDLER. Hospital Management Studies Journal, 1(2), pp.9-19.
Filippini, T., Naska, A., Kasdagli, M.I., Torres, D., Lopes, C., Carvalho, C., Moreira, P., Malavolti, M., Orsini, N., Whelton, P.K. and Vinceti, M., 2020. Potassium intake and blood pressure: a dose‐response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(12), p.e015719.
Grillo, A., Salvi, P., Furlanis, G., Baldi, C., Rovina, M., Salvi, L., Faini, A., Bilo, G., Fabris, B., Carretta, R. and Benetos, A., 2020. Mean arterial pressure estimated by brachial pulse wave analysis and comparison with currently used algorithms. Journal of Hypertension, 38(11), pp.2161-2168.
Gündüz, A.F. and KARCİ, A., 2020. Heart Sound Classification for Murmur Abnormality Detection Using an Ensemble Approach Based on Traditional Classifiers and Feature Sets. Computer Science, 5(1), pp.1-13.
Sandstedt, J., Sandstedt, M., Lundqvist, A., Jansson, M., Sopasakis, V.R., Jeppsson, A. and Hultén, L.M., 2019. Human cardiac fibroblasts isolated from patients with severe heart failure are immune-competent cells mediating an inflammatory response. Cytokine, 113, pp.319-325.
Toukan, N., Kulnik, S.T., Lewko, A. and ElShaer, A., 2022. Therapeutic applications of capsaicin in humans to target conditions of the respiratory system: A scoping review. Respiratory Medicine, p.106772.
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