Assignment Sample on BUSI 1623 Project Management

1.0 Introduction

Glycerol is most popularly known as glycerine in British English. In American English this is known as Glycerin. This particular thing is just one of the simple compounds of polyol. The glycerol has some of the specific characteristics, like this particular component is completely colorless, viscous liquid, odorless, having sweet taste, and non toxic. In comparison with the main three groups of hydroxyl, the glycerol is the only one that is miscible liquid. This particular component is very much miscible with water. The nature of the glycerol is hygroscopic. Glycerol is the sugar alcohol that is trihydroxy that means this particular component is made up of three different atoms of carbon and three different types of hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl groups and the carbon atoms that are present in the glycerol made the poly compounds organic. Glycerol is produced by using various types of feedstock and processes. The main process of preparing glycerol is that particular component can be obtained by the propylene synthesis. This process happened by many several paths. The most popular processes for this glycerol separation are the oil hydrolysis, “transesterification of the fatty acids” and so on. The primary or the basic objectives of the uses of Glycerol as fuel is for generating powers. It would continue as the operation or the mission with a fixed power level or with some selected power levels. The diesel engines that are manufactured recently, are adapting to run the glycerol at the maximum rate for the continuous power. The injections that run with the electricity and the engines that are controlled might be adapted for this particular project to separate Glycerol and use it for the generation of power but this process required the control of software by an expert. This particular project will describe and discuss the challenges that are being faced in developing or managing the supply chain of Glycerol, the solutions for the challenges and problems, the details of the planning for the project with the proper network diagrams, Gantt Charts, WBS. After that, the risk management plans for the project would be described in this project. All these topics would be discussed throughout this particular project. [Referred to Appendix 1]

2.0 Challenges in improving or developing the supply chain of Glycerol

The developments that are modernized or advanced and implemented for generating powers through using the glycerol and the problems that the scientists are facing would be described in this particular section. The concepts of the glycerol based biorefinery are very complex and critical to understand for the readers and the beginners (Akrasi, 2019). The glycerol conversions that are highly valued add some products in the manner of holistic. The production system of manufacturing and separating the Glycerol chains are from the aspects of logistics that are very much related with the supply chain structure. To obtain the primary or basic designs that are optimal too and the planning for Glycerol based supply chains of the biorefineries are added in this process. This particular process of biorefineries is going through some of the periods, stages, and some mixtures of multiple products (Berikten et al.2021). This multiproduct mixing method is based on a special theory that is particularly known as “Integer Linear Programming”. This particular theory that is mentioned in above is also known as the “GlyThink”. This particular theory is based on the maximizations of the NPV or the net present values of Glycerol. The model or theory that is proposed is capable of identifying some decisions that are operational, and that model includes some other things also and the things are capacity levels, locations, technologies and the portfolios for the products, decisions that are strategic and many other things. The strategic decisions include the levels of the invention, the amounts of the products, and transportations of the products to the final market. The countries that are capable of completing the entire process are having major productions, biodiesel product consumptions of these countries are also at high levels. The high level productivity and consumptions also have some facilities and demands from the basic or primary market.

The increase rate of using the biodiesel products around the entire world from the last 5 years is showing the results of stoichiometric co production at an increased rate. The use of crude glycerol is at an excessive level. The challenges that are facing societies and scientists while they are working with the bio refineries are from the strains that are microbial and are controllable enough by the industrial processes and the conditions that already had been overcome by the scientists while they were working with the same processes (Corrêa et al.2021). The challenges that are being faced by societies and scientists are mostly, the fuel productions and chemicals that are emission by the biodiesel industries. The crude glycerol is maintaining the main supply chain. From the economic perspective, it becomes very important for the industries associated with the biodiesel productions to be the feedstock. The consequent glycerol are important to manufacture the fuels and chemicals. Some countries might not have the biomass and the glycerol sufficiently, as well as the important chemicals that are very much required for the process are not sufficiently available in all the countries. These problems are happening because of the competitions for biomass in almost every country for some other types of uses. The development of the biorefineries, production of the chemicals is some of the other problems that are faced by these processes. All the modernized equipment is also specific requirements for the quality of the products. This entire process of crude glycerol processing is followed by the increasing rate of using biodiesel products (Emara et al.2018). Another very important or significant challenge for this process is the technologies that are emerging are accompanied with this process to increase the rate of using biodiesel products. All these challenges are happening in the biorefineries that are based with the glycerol to the supply chains of the bio products. [Referred to Appendix 2]

3.0 Solutions

To solve the problems and having the controls on the issues the scientists find various ways. They are implementing the solutions where it is needed. The countries who especially have multiple vast territories and the climate, weather of the countries are very mild and moderate throughout the year, are appropriate and suitable for the generation of bio gasses and biodiesel products. The diversification of biomasses, feedstock in the industries and the recognitions, regionalization of the production plants are very much helpful to solve the issues, problems that societies and scientists are facing. In some other words, the main feedstock for the industries that are associated and related with the biodiesel products or biomasses should grow in the regions where the production plant is established (Gargalo et al.2017). The production plants are totally complimented by the biomasses that are alternative from the other regions. Countries like Brazil use 80% of biodiesel products that are manufactured from Soybean oils. This process might be very much advantageous to start the refining process of using vegetable oils from multiple sources of alternative biomasses like the physic nuts, palm oils, castor beans and many other things. This would guarantee that the supply of the biomass to the industries at the same time would be possible (Ismaila et al.2021). At the same time, the transportation cost might be avoided, to produce the plants all over the particular country. Along with all the remarkable advancements that are helped in production of chemicals and fuels from the glycerol are using the microorganisms (Kupczyński et al.2020). It is expected from the production plants that strains in the industrial implementations for this particular bioprocesses would be available in every country in the next 2 or 3 years. The technologies that are being used in the production of biogases or the biomasses like the butane, succinct acids, propanediols are some of the renewable feedstock that are used in the production or manufacturing of the starches and sucrose. These two biomasses are already available in every renewable feedstock. [Referred to Appendix 3]

It is very much expected that all the chemicals that are used in these processes of producing some more complex substances and substrates like the “biodiesel-derived crude” glycerol and other biomasses are also very complex. Whatever, before implementing the pilot or the industrial production plant for manufacturing the chemicals or the fuels two important aspects is considered? The important aspects are the costs of producing the fuels, chemicals through the process of microbial fermentations in comparison with the products that are derived from the fossils. The other important aspect of the entire process is the feedstock or the supply chain for the entire industry (Nomanbhay et al.2018). The primary or the basic objectives of the uses of Glycerol as fuel is for generating powers. It would continue as the operation or the mission with a fixed power level or with some selected power levels. The diesel engines that are manufactured recently, are adapting to run the glycerol at the maximum rate for the continuous power. The injections that run with the electricity and the engines that are controlled might be adapted for this particular project to separate Glycerol and use it for the generation of power but this process required the control of software by an expert (Poblete‐Castro et al.2020). The vast or wide range of producing chemicals and fuels those are potential enough for the microbial fermentation of the glycerol in the bio refineries. The primary products are obtaining the fermentation processes over all. The production rate is increasing based on the demands of consumers or customers and the international markets. The production plants are totally complimented by the biomasses that are alternative from the other regions (Presciutti et al.2018)
. Countries like Brazil use around eighty percent of biodiesel products that are manufactured from Soybean oils. This process might be very much advantageous to start the refining process of using vegetable oils from multiple sources of alternative biomasses. The production plants are totally complimented by the biomasses that are alternative from the other regions. This would guarantee that the supply of the biomass to the industries at the same time would be possible (Rahaman et al.2020)
. At the same time, the transportation cost might be avoided, to produce the plants all over the particular country. These are all the solutions that are given by the scientists to improve and develop, manage the problems or issues faced by the societies.

4.0 Detail project planning of WBS, Gantt chart and Network Diagram

Figure 1: Gantt chart

(Source: Project Libre)

This particular portion or section contains the entire project planning by three different charts or diagrams. The first one is the most popular Gantt chart. This particular chart shows the time durations of the project and more detail. The basic information or the basic details are provided through this particular chart. The first portion of this particular chart consists of the introduction. The introduction section is contained with some other different sections (Rahim et al.2020). The topics are providing the basic information, identifying the characteristics of the Glycerol and clarifying the aims and objectives of this particular project.  After that, the challenges that are determined are described with separated sections (Rodrigues et al.2017). After that, the identifications of the solutions are shown in this particular figure with every possible perspective. After that, the time durations are described. Then, the risk factors are recognized and identified. At last, the conclusion shows the infrastructures of the entire project.

Figure 2: Work Breakdown Structure

(Source: Project Libre)

The second one is another most popular Work Breakdown Structure. This particular structure shows the time durations of the project and more detail. The basic information or the basic delta are provided through these particular structures. The first portion of this particular structure consists of the introduction. The introduction section is contained with some other different sections (Sajid et al.2020). The topics are providing the basic information, identifying the characteristics of the Glycerol and clarifying the aims and objectives of this particular project.  After that, the challenges that are determined are described with separated sections. After that, the identifications of the solutions are shown in this particular figure with every possible perspective (Sharmini1a et al.2019). After that, the time durations are described. Then, the risk factors are recognized and identified. At last, the conclusion shows the infrastructures of the entire project. These charts and figures are added to this particular project for the reader would understand the projects very easily.

Figure 3: Network Diagram

(Source: Project Libre)

The third one is also popular and named Network Diagram or Structure. This particular structure shows the time durations of the project and more detail. The basic information or the basic details are provided through these particular structures. The first portion of this particular structure consists of the introduction. The introduction section is contained with some other different sections (Soares et al.2020). The topics are providing the basic information, identifying the characteristics of the Glycerol and clarifying the aims and objectives of this particular project.  After that, the challenges that are determined are described with separated sections. After that, the identifications of the solutions are shown in this particular figure with every possible perspective (Thomson et al.2020)
. After that, the time durations are described. Then, the risk factors are recognized and identified. At last, the conclusion shows the infrastructures of the entire project. This structure is also easy to access and understand for the readers or the beginners.

5.0 Project risk management plans

The risks that are facing societies and scientists while they are working with the bio refineries are from the strains that are microbial and are controllable enough by the industrial processes and the conditions that already had been overcome by the scientists while they were working with the same processes. The challenges that are being faced by societies and scientists are mostly, the fuel productions and chemicals that are emission by the biodiesel industries. The crude glycerol is maintaining the main supply chain. From the economic perspective, it becomes very important for the industries associated with the biodiesel productions to be the feedstock. The consequent glycerols are important to manufacture the fuels and chemicals (Verdier et al.2021). The concepts of the glycerol based biorefinery are very complex and critical to understand for the readers and the beginners. The glycerol conversions that are highly valued add some products in the manner of holistic. The production system of manufacturing and separating the Glycerol chains are from the aspects of logistics that are very much related with the supply chain structure. To obtain the primary or basic designs that are optimal too and the planning for Glycerol based supply chains of the biorefineries are added in this process. This particular process of biorefineries is going through some of the periods, stages, and some mixtures of multiple products (Ηatzisymeon et al.2019)
. Some countries might not have the biomass and the glycerol sufficiently, as well as the important chemicals that are very much required for the process are not sufficiently available in all the countries. These problems are happening because of the competitions for biomass in almost every country for some other types of uses. The development of the biorefineries, production of the chemicals is some of the other problems that are faced by these processes. All the modernized equipment is also specific requirements for the quality of the products. This entire process of crude glycerol processing is followed by the increasing rate of using biodiesel products.

Apart from all these risk factors there are some other risk factors that are happening in the biodiesel processing are the water qualities, the agents that are helpful for cleaning and the toxic parts from the pests of the materials that have controls on the entire process. The lubricants, rodents and insects, contaminants that are crossed from the previous products are the issues of managing the risk factors. The scientists recommend that to supply enough and sufficient water for drinking, water circuits should be dedicated, the cleaning agents should be used in the production system, etc and they should be flushed. The programs for controlling the pests should be taken to prevent the entire ruining of the process. Using some lubricants should be evaluated before using the product and it should be implemented appropriately. People have to take proof of building cleaning. The programs should be part of the system.

 6.0 Conclusions

This particular project is divided or classified into various different sections. The first section of this particular project is the introduction of the entire chapter or the entire project. The introduction is based on the basic information of the main topic. The introduction section is making the connection with other executive sections of this particular project. Glycerol is an aerobic oxidation complex carbohydrate, which means it has three distinct carbonyl groups and various kinds of hydrophilic groups. The polyurethane molecules are natural because of the hydroxide sites and carbon molecules found in glycerol. Glycerol is made from a variety of biomass resources and techniques. The most common way to make glycerol is through the ethylene polymerization reaction. This mechanism occurs in a variety of ways. The most common methods for separating glycerol include oil breakdown, “gasification of lipids,” and so much more. The fundamental or fundamental goal of using glycerol as a fuel is to generate electricity. It really would remain as a job or action with a defined input power or a set of supply voltages. After that the next section consists of the challenges or problems that are faced by societies or scientists who are working with the topic. Then, the next section contains the solutions of the challenges that were previously mentioned, after that; the entire project planning is shown by three different types of project or chart. The 1st chart that shows the entire planning for the project is the Gantt chart. After that, with the help of WBS or Word Breakdown System and the Network Diagram the planning for the project is revealed. Then, the management plans for the risks are described and discussed in the particular section of the entire project. At last the conclusion consists of the entire framework of the project. The information that is given throughout the project is easily available on the internet and easily accessible.

 References

Journals

Akrasi, J., 2019. Electrochemical Study of Glycerol Oxidation on Ni-Cu-Sn-P Catalyst in a Redox Flow Cell (Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University).

Berikten, D., Hoşgün, E.Z., Otuzbiroğlu, A.G., Bozan, B. and Kıvanç, M., 2021. Lipid Production from Crude Glycerol by Newly Isolated Oleaginous Yeasts: Strain Selection, Molecular Identification and Fatty Acid Analysis. Waste and Biomass Valorization, pp.1-10.

Corrêa, I., Faria, R.P. and Rodrigues, A.E., 2021. Continuous Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal: Recent Advances on Catalysts, Processes, and Industrial Perspectives. Sustainable Chemistry, 2(2), pp.286-324.

Emara, I.A., Gadalla, M.A. and Ashour, F.H., 2018. Supply chain design network model for biofuels and chemicals from waste cooking oil. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, pp.433-438.

Gargalo, C.L., Carvalho, A., Gernaey, K.V. and Sin, G., 2017. Optimal design and planning of glycerol-based biorefinery supply chains under uncertainty. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56(41), pp.11870-11893.

Ismaila, A., Chen, X., Gao, X. and Fan, X., 2021. Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production at atmospheric pressure. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 15(1), pp.60-71.

Kupczyński, R., Szumny, A., Wujcikowska, K. and Pachura, N., 2020. Metabolism, ketosis treatment and milk production after using glycerol in dairy cows: A review. Animals, 10(8), p.1379.

Nomanbhay, S., Hussein, R. and Ong, M.Y., 2018. Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 11(2), pp.135-157.

Poblete‐Castro, I., Wittmann, C. and Nikel, P.I., 2020. Biochemistry, genetics and biotechnology of glycerol utilization in Pseudomonas species. Microbial biotechnology, 13(1), pp.32-53.

Presciutti, A., Asdrubali, F., Baldinelli, G., Rotili, A., Malavasi, M. and Di Salvia, G., 2018. Energy and exergy analysis of glycerol combustion in an innovative flameless power plant. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, pp.3817-3824.

Rahaman, M.S., Phung, T.K., Hossain, M.A., Chowdhury, E., Tulaphol, S., Lalvani, S.B., O’Toole, M., Willing, G.A., Jasinski, J.B., Crocker, M. and Sathitsuksanoh, N., 2020. Hydrophobic functionalization of HY zeolites for efficient conversion of glycerol to solketal. Applied Catalysis A: General, 592, p.117369.

Rahim, S.A.N.M., Lee, C.S., Abnisa, F., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.A.W., Cognet, P. and Pérès, Y., 2020. A review of recent developments on kinetics parameters for glycerol electrochemical conversion–A by-product of biodiesel. Science of the Total Environment, 705, p.135137.

Rodrigues, A., Bordado, J.C. and Santos, R.G.D., 2017. Upgrading the glycerol from biodiesel production as a source of energy carriers and chemicals—A technological review for three chemical pathways. Energies, 10(11), p.1817.

Sajid, M., Ayoub, M., Yusup, S., Abdullah, B., Shamsuddin, R., Bilad, R., Chong, C.C. and Aqsha, A., 2020. Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study. Processes, 8(9), p.1093.

Sharmini1a, V. and Tan, E.S., 2019. TECHNO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILTY OF BIODIESEL IN MALAYSIA.

Soares, B.P., Abranches, D.O., Sintra, T.E., Leal-Duaso, A., García, J.I., Pires, E., Shimizu, S., Pinho, S.P. and Coutinho, J.A., 2020. Glycerol ethers as hydrotropes and their use to enhance the solubility of phenolic acids in water. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(14), pp.5742-5749.

Thomson, E. and Bullied, A., 2020. Production of ethanol-based hand sanitizer in breweries during the COVID-19 crisis. MBAA TQ, 57(1), pp.47-52.

Verdier, T., Balthazard, L., Montibus, M., Magniont, C., Evon, P. and Bertron, A., 2021. Using glycerol esters to prevent microbial growth on sunflower-based insulation panels. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Construction Materials, 174(3), pp.140-149.

Ηatzisymeon, M., Kamenopoulos, S. and Tsoutsos, T., 2019. Risk assessment of the life-cycle of the Used Cooking Oil-to-biodiesel supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 217, pp.836-843.

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