Assignment Sample on Change Management and Leadership

Introduction

Leaders play an important role in an organization in managing, leading, directing and organizing various activities in an organization so that the desired long term goals can be achieved in an efficient manner. Leadership skills help the leaders in managing different projects in an organization by motivating and influencing the workers so that they can use their skills and talents efficiently (Hassan, Bashir and Abbas, 2017). Various interpersonal skills and leadership styles are used by leaders so that they can increase workplace productivity. In this assignment various articles will be reviewed which will help in gaining an idea about different leadership styles and techniques that are used by leaders in managing projects. Views of different authors will be considered so that the ideas can be compared and an in-depth knowledge of project management can be developed. Academic sources will be used so that a literature review can be conducted which will be helpful in developing an analytical decision related with the best leadership style that can be used by leaders. About 10-12 articles will be critically analyzed in this report which will help in evaluating the leadership style that is useful in managing projects in an effective manner.

Literature review of articles

Title	Author	Aims	Methodology	Summary
Interpersonal competencies define effective leadership	Eve, Simon, Jamieson and Andrew	The aim is to determine the capabilities and skills required by efficient leaders in managing projects	Primary research	As per the view points of authors of this article it can be said that interpersonal skills are the most important competencies for effective leadership (Ali, and et. Al., 2020) With these skills the leaders are able to build trust among their team members through effective communication so that the project can be completed on time. Also skills like efficient decision making, active listening, problem solving, negotiation etc. help the leaders in managing the project so that highly productive results can be achieved. The authors believe that the organisations must train their leaders so that the interpersonal skills can be developed in them which can help in completion of projects in desired manner.
Shared leadership in project teams	Christina, Scott, Maged and Andrew	The aim is to understand the role of sharing leadership in managing a project so that highly efficient results can be achieved.	Primary research	As per this article it can be said that shared leadership in a team produce better results than vertical leadership in which a single leader manages the entire team (Sousa and Rocha, 2019). These models can be applied in organisations while managing projects so that the team members can be managed, directed and motivated towards achieving project goals. The multi-level leadership also help the team members in functioning efficiently as effective decision making can take place thereby achieving project goals. As per the authors the knowledge sharing among leaders can also increase cohesion among team members which is important in project management.
Impact of leadership behaviour on the attitude of their subordinates	Saif, Mohsin, and Muhammad.	The aim is to determine the impact of leadership behaviour on team member’s attitude and the way in which effective results can be achieved.	Primary research	As per the authors of this article, the leadership behaviour have an impact on the attitude of team members as it affects their level of job satisfaction, job involvement, commitment etc. The leadership behaviour also impacts the job retention and performance of team members (Chen,and et. al., 2019). There are majorly two types of leadership behaviours like task oriented behaviour in which the leaders are focused on completing the task on time while retain oriented behaviour is usually focused on building strong relations with team members so that a friendly environment can be created thereby increasing the productivity of team members. The leaders must therefore try to build strong relations with team members so that projects can be completed efficiently.
A practical, multidisciplinary approach in managing project by leaders	Silvia Mazetto	The aim of this article is to identify a practical approach which can help the leaders in managing the project and getting it successfully completed.	Primary research	As per this article it is important that the leaders in an organisation applies multidisciplinary approaches in managing project teams so that they can be encouraged in completing their work on time and in efficient manner. This approach can help in organising and coordinating various activities related with project management so that high quality of results can be achieved (Cleveland and Cleveland, 2020). Through this approach the leaders can communicate clearly, tasks and responsibilities can be allocated efficiently, clear goals and strategies can be set etc. This approach can help the leaders in appropriately managing tasks of team members so that high productivity can be achieved among the members.
Managing employee innovative behaviour through transformational and transactional leadership styles	Jesper Asring	The aim of this article is to understand about the impact of leadership style on motivating team members to think innovatively so that project innovation can take place.	Primary research	As per this article the behaviour of team members is greatly affected by the leadership styles of leaders. In transformational leadership the leaders work with team members so that the need for change can be identified and team members can be encouraged to adopt that change so that better results can be achieved (Kerzner, 2017). Transactional leadership style on the other hand focuses on how team members can be supervised, organised so that good performance can be achieved. In this style the leaders motivate team members through reward or punishment. Thus in order to inspire innovative thoughts among team members it is important that transformational leadership style is adopted so that change can be brought in the way project gets completed (Henkel, Marion and Bourdeau, 2019).
Effect of leadership style on financial performance of an organisation	Sarra Berraies and Belgacem Bchini	The aim of this article is to understand how leadership style impact financial performance of organisation in market.	Secondary research.	As per this article the leadership style impacts on financial performance of an organisation as the project completion depends on the way in which leaders motivate their team members (Crilly, 2020). Transformational leadership is found to be more effective in improving financial performance of organisation than transactional leadership style. Transformational style increases innovative thinking among team members while transactional is mainly focused on exploitative innovation.
Roles of leadership styles in aligning CSR in non-governmental organisations.	Ahmet, Demir and Taylan	The aim of this article is to understand the role of leaders in making the organisations ethical by following good code of conduct.	Secondary research.	As per the authors of this article, leaders play a major role in promoting ethical behaviour among project team members as they can guide and direct the workers in the right direction (Lee, 2021). Transformational leadership style plays an important role in adopting CSR as the employees can be motivated to adopt ethical code of conduct in every action taken and decision made. CSR helps a non-governmental organisation in gaining the trust of its stakeholders thereby enhancing its profits in the long run.
Balanced leadership to study the relation between principal leadership responsibilities and collective teacher efficacy	Anderson-Maier	The aim of this article is to understand about the concept of balanced leadership so that the potential of all team members can be completely utilised.	Primary research	As per this article it is important that a balanced leadership is followed by leaders while managing projects so that the team members can be effectively motivated in using their potentials in the completion of project. In order to practice balance it is important that the result oriented and relationship oriented approaches are used as per the requirement of the project (Müller, Drouin and Sankaran, 2019). This can help in developing healthy relations with team members along with motivating them so that they can help in accomplishing desired results on time. It is essential to value the abilities of employees along with setting clear goals so that efficient results can be obtained.
Stakeholder management influence on trust in the project	Gilberto, Roque	The aim of this article is to understand about the importance of leadership in influencing stakeholders so that their trust can be gained and better results can be obtained.	Secondary research	As per this article the leaders play an essential role in building trust among all the stakeholders so that the growth and revenue of company can be increased (Owusu, et. al. 2019). The stakeholders are managed by leaders so that they can perform their roles and responsibilities in an ethical manner so that the benefits of all the stakeholders can be increased without causing any harm to the environment. Also this helps in building strong brand image of an organisation in the market so number customers can be attracted and profitability of company can increase. Further this enhances the involvement and of stakeholders in the project (Rowe, 2020).
Ambidextrous project management	Crilly, Brian.	The aim of this article is to understand about the way in which project leaders use various techniques and styles in effectively managing teams so that highly effective results can be achieved.	Secondary research.	As per this article, ambidextrous project management is related with the ability of leaders in adapting behaviours which can help in meeting project needs thereby enhancing the performance of team members so that project outcomes can be achieved. Creative problem solving and disciplined implementation of the decisions by the leaders are important so that high quality of project results can be achieved. The leaders also need to promote innovate thoughts so that they can be implemented in projects which encourage employees in thinking creatively (Rehman, 2020). This also include following both transactional and transformational leadership style so that balance can be created in the way a project is lead by the leaders.

Conclusion

Based on the above literature review based on various articles it can be said that leaders play a crucial role in managing projects so that organizational productivity and profitability can be enhanced in the long run. Various leadership styles and theories can be adopted by the leaders so that a project can be managed efficiently. Leaders help in defining clear goals to the team members so that the vision and mission of project can be made clear. This is important so that each team member can use their capabilities towards achieving the desired goals of the project. The leaders also motivate the employees to deal with various situations and handle the organizational pressure in an efficient manner. A successful leader is the one who is able to communicate with team members effectively so that messages can be made clear which can help them in using their skills ion right directions along with making right decisions so that projects can be timely completed. Interpersonal skills play an essential role in determining the ability of leaders in managing teams efficiently as with the help of these skills strong relations can be built with them. Continuous feedback can also be used by leaders so that they can improve the efficiency of team members by continuous improvement in their actions.

Different leadership styles can also be used by leaders in order to manage the task in hand and get it completed in a desired manner. A balance between the powers of leaders need to be created so that along with getting results, better relations can be built with employees which can enhance their productivity and increase employee retention. Transactional and transformational leadership styles can be used by leaders so that they can manage the project in an effective manner. Project management can thus be done by the leaders through encouraging the employees so that they can get engaged with project activities and also can think innovatively. The leaders also need to improve their analytical and technical skills so that they can better manage teams and solve problems faced by team members during project. Effective leaders help in completing projects successfully so that the sustainability of organizations can be increased which also improve the competitiveness of organization in market. Through reviewing various articles it is thus clear that in order to lead a project it is important that leaders possess various skills so that they can implement effective styles and theories while carrying out a project. Leaders are very important in managing and completing the project through all its stages so that collective efforts of team members can help in achieving successful outcomes.

References

Ali, M., Li, Z., Khan, S., Shah, S.J. and Ullah, R., 2020. Linking humble leadership and project success: the moderating role of top management support with mediation of team-building. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Chen, T., Fu, M., Liu, R., Xu, X., Zhou, S. and Liu, B., 2019. How do project management competencies change within the project management career model in large Chinese construction companies?. International Journal of Project Management, 37(3), pp.485-500.
Cleveland, S. and Cleveland, M., 2020. Leadership Competencies for Sustained Project Success. International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research (IJAMTR), 2(1), pp.35-47.
Crilly, B., 2020. Ambidextrous Project Management: The Influences of Leadership Styles, Project Management Practices, and Team Characteristics on Creativity and Innovation.
Hassan, M.M., Bashir, S. and Abbas, S.M., 2017. The impact of project managers’ personality on project success in NGOs: The mediating role of transformational leadership. Project Management Journal, 48(2), pp.74-87.
Henkel, T.G., Marion Jr, J.W. and Bourdeau, D.T., 2019. Project manager leadership behavior: Task-oriented versus relationship-oriented. Journal of Leadership Education, 18(2), p.1.
Kerzner, H., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Lee, M.R., 2021. Leading virtual project teams: Adapting leadership theories and communications techniques to 21st century organizations. CRC Press.
Müller, R., Drouin, N. and Sankaran, S., 2019. Modeling organizational project management. Project Management Journal, 50(4), pp.499-513.
Owusu, E.K., Chan, A.P., DeGraft, O.M., Ameyaw, E.E. and Robert, O.K., 2019. Contemporary review of anti-corruption measures in construction project management. Project Management Journal, 50(1), pp.40-56.
Rehman, S.U., 2020. Impact of Inclusive Leadership on Project Success. Journal of Engineering, Project & Production Management, 10(2).
Rowe, S.F., 2020. Project management for small projects. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Sousa, M.J. and Rocha, Á, 2019. Leadership styles and skills developed through game-based learning. Journal of Business Research, 94, pp.360-366.