COM742 Research Methods for Postgraduate Study Assignment Sample 2024
Introduction
Climate change is referred to as the change of temperature and alteration of a typical weather pattern of any place. Climate change is a serious issue in today’s world. This effect in daily life is also caused by human’s activity. The cause of climate change is still debatable and it is an effective issue that has an impact on society. Increased heat or global warming, drought and insect outbreaks are some common impacts of climate change.
According to the USA people, they believed Global warming is the cause and climate change is the effect of it. Climate is the average weather of one place for a long period but if it is affected and altered due to some external factor then it may create a negative impact. Climate is not the weather of one place but the changes in ocean and ice sheets are also included. In this article, climate change and its reason will be discussed.
Discussion
From the survey, it has been shown that the earth’s average temperature has increased in every mommy and by 2030 the temperature will be higher than the pre-industrial levels. Global warming is caused by several activities of humans. Pollution is one of the reasons that warms the climate more.
Cause of the climate change
The reason behind climate change is not always caused by humans but nature has also some impact on making the temperature higher.
Human’s activities for climate change
- Fossil fuel
Gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide trap the heat in the earth surface. Burning fossil fuels generate these gases [1]. Coal, oil, and wood are natural things of the environment but humans are burning these fuels to generate power from it and it enhances the weather temperature.
- Deforestation
Forest and trees are the main factors that absorb the heat from one place but humans are cutting down trees at an alarming rate. Humans are destroying natural things to make an easier life but they do not understand the fact that if the forest and trees will not be on the planet then humans also cannot live. The Amazon rainforest is one of the largest forests in the world but humans are cutting the trees from it.
- Greenhouse gas
As the trees are cut down regularly the level of carbon dioxide is increased in the environment and from industry chimneys, the gases are out that also has a negative impact on nature. Some emissions have a very effective warming effect that is almost 23000 times greater than CO2. Due to these gases sun rays cannot return and the effect is its higher the temperature of the earth.
These are the human-created causes of climate change.
Natural causes
- Orbit and rotation change of earth
Changing the rotation of the earth has a big impact on climate [2]. Planet orbit changes create differences in the planet’s temperature and increase almost 2 degrees.
- Volcanic activity
Volcanos have a huge role in climate change because due to volcanic eruptions a large quantity of carbon dioxide is released [5]. Some eruptions throw SO2 and because of these gases, sun rays cannot reflect totally and stay back on the earth surface and warm the surface of the earth.
- Earth’s reflectivity
The earth’s reflection and absorption process depend on the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Ocean, forest, soils are the main ingredients that absorb the ray of the sun. Snow, clouds always tend to reflect sunlight. In the normal process, almost 70% of sunlight is absorbed by the earth surface but warm weather melts ice so the reflection process is interrupted and the natural process does not occur.
The 97%
Almost 97% of scientists stated that humans are the main reason behind climate change and global warming. Scientists agree that global warming, temperature alteration all happen because of human activity by changing the natural process of the environment. The other percentage of scientists reject the fact that humans are responsible for changing the climate.
It is important to understand the changes caused by human activity and climate variability. “Sun’s energy output” due to any solar flares and sunspots and volcanic eruptions change the weather pattern especially the weather in the Pacific Ocean. One study investigated that 12 or more major eruptions are associated with climate change [3]. With the process of Hindcasting scientists can separate the effect of human causes and natural causes.
If human activity is removed from the list then due to solar factors and volcanic eruption earth temperature should be similar for 100 years from 1950 but it is evident that it is not true [6]. So it is clear that human activity is not only responsible for climate change.
It is obvious that human’s activities are a rapid process of climate change and global warming but it is not true that humans are only responsible for this situation [4]. It’s nature’s thing that changes with time and human activities just play the role of catalyst. Human’s activities are driving the warming process but researchers should also count the natural process to state the reason for climate change.
Conclusion
This report concludes that humans are responsible for climate change and global warming and if these activities are not controlled in time then their impact will be dangerous. Deforestation, pollution, fossil fuel burning should be controlled and energy should be preserved so that nature can heal itself.
More trees should be implemented on the earth surface and should take steps against pollution. However, it is also established in this report that not only do humans increase the temperature of nature but nature itself increases the level of global warming.
As a result, ice is melting and the level of the ocean is increasing. Solar factors and volcanic eruptions and earth reflection processes are responsible for global warming. Almost 97% of researchers are agreeing with the statement that humans are destroying nature but it is also proved that if humans are not on the planet then also the earth temperature will be increased. All the natural and human factors should be included as the reason for climate change.
Reference List
Journals
[1] Jansson, J.K. and Hofmockel, K.S., 2020. Soil microbiomes and climate change. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 18(1), pp.35-46.
[2] Rolnick, D., Donti, P.L., Kaack, L.H., Kochanski, K., Lacoste, A., Sankaran, K., Ross, A.S., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Jaques, N., Waldman-Brown, A. and Luccioni, A., 2019. Tackling climate change with machine learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.05433.
[3] Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jacob, D., Taylor, M., Bolaños, T.G., Bindi, M., Brown, S., Camilloni, I.A., Diedhiou, A., Djalante, R., Ebi, K. and Engelbrecht, F., 2019. The human imperative of stabilizing global climate change at 1.5 C. Science, 365(6459).
[4] Sippel, S., Meinshausen, N., Fischer, E.M., Székely, E. and Knutti, R., 2020. Climate change now detectable from any single day of weather at global scale. Nature Climate Change, 10(1), pp.35-41.
[5] Hsiang, S., Kopp, R., Jina, A., Rising, J., Delgado, M., Mohan, S., Rasmussen, D.J., Muir-Wood, R., Wilson, P., Oppenheimer, M. and Larsen, K., 2017. Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States. Science, 356(6345), pp.1362-1369.
[6] Auffhammer, M., 2018. Quantifying economic damages from climate change. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32(4), pp.33-52.
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