Coursework Assessment for B41CS Sample
XPRIZE CARBON SOLUTIONS
Project Overview
Overview
This project is going to present XPRIZE Carbon Solutions. It is a worldwide project that is focused on the removal of carbon removal from global. For this project, it needs to invest money from any place of the world and make a team with expertise in this field and illustrate the solution that can help to remove the Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere. The aim of the XPRIZE Carbon solution is to balance the carbon cycle in the atmosphere and help to change the climate and wants to gain a healthy atmosphere. This project is going to occur at Newcastle city in the United Kingdom. The project is going to present some significant factors such as demographic information and Legacy Pollution Analysis and environmental sustainability. Through this way, the project can present the population of Newcastle city and the percentage of low income in the area of Newcastle city. In the area of legacy pollution analysis can be present the effect of the environment hazards on the population health and try to demonstrate such a factor on this matter. After that this project can present the environmental sustainability that can present the negative environmental impact as well as positive impact of the environment. Nowadays the world has faced some significant environmental issues. It is important to overcome those issues to save the world from destruction. Many scientists from various countries have been researched and declared that the world is in a very bad position. In this case, it is important to take steps to save the environment from destruction.
This project is trying to explore those factors to understand the core matter in this regard and try to solve those issues from a depth area. In the case of the environment, it is significant to solve the problems from the core factor and try to remove all the hazardless. It has been seen that the temperature of the environment has increased from the previous year and it is going on day by day. It needs to stop at the moment. This project is concerned with reducing the carbons from the country. This project can illustrate the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It is important to relate this factor with this factor to understand the importance of the XPRIZE Carbon Solution. In the part of the incorporating community engagement can be present the community in the selected area that is Newcastle city in the United kingdom and the reaction of the community in this regard and their activities on this factor. For this project, Newcastle city has been selected because this city is famous for shipbuilding and steel. This project is going to happen in that place (Esmeijer et al. 2018). This project also presents the steps that can help to ensure that the community can be involved in this matter and try to reach the project aim. In the B part, the project can present the diagram that can help to illustrate the process of the technologies. In this note, it can be said that as this whole process depends on the science and updated technologies that it is important to demonstrate the taken technologies regarding this matter.
Demographic Information
This part is concerned about the demographic population in Newcastle city in the United kingdom. Demographic population can be illustrated by the structure of the population and mortality and fecundity ratio of the population. This part is going to present the percentage of the low income of the population in Newcastle. It is going to present the demographic population in Newcastle. It can be illustrated by a given excel chart. This excel chart has the capability to demonstrate the demographic population in Newcastle. It has been seen that White British has 81.9% and black people 2.0% and Chinese people 2.0% and mixed race 1.6% in Newcastle (Gambhir et al. 2019). In this way, the traditional dialect can be called Geordie.
Figure: Demographic Population In Newcastle
On the other hand, it can be discussed the percentage of low income in the population of
Newcastle. It can be said that Newcastle has reached fifty third most deprived area in the British authority. The report has been declared that more than twenty percent of the population in Newcastle has suffered from poverty. Approximate 10% in the twenty percent of deprived population have suffered from poverty most in Newcastle. It has been seen that 19.8% of households can earn high income in the overall percentage and on the other hand 20.1% has low income in the household area (Fajardy et al. 2021). In this discussion it can be presented that it has been seen that the people who are living their life with low income. They generally live in polluted areas and they suffer from drinking water. In this note, it can be mentioned that the children and the pregnant woman are at risk of their health due to living in the polluted area. In this case, it can be said for those people and for the interest of the environment it is important to be concerned on this matter with high interest.
Legacy Pollution Analysis
This part is going to present the environmental hazards and the human health in Newcastle. It can be said that not only people but also all the animals and human beings are suffering from this situation. Environment is associated with all those factors. It can be explained that a healthy environment can make the world healthy simultaneously; an unhealthy environment can also make the world polluted, rather than it can be said that a huge number of people can be the reason for the unhealthy environment (Creutzig et al. 2021). In the discussion about the history of the environmental hazards in Newcastle, it can be presented that in the year of 2014, Newcastle had been faced with air pollution. In this note, it can be said that it is important to focus on the reason for the air pollution in the city of Newcastle and try to implement a new strategy to decrease the percentage of carbon dioxide. This project can explore all the reasons and try to achieve the aim of the project for the matter of this topic. In this case, it has been considered the relevant environmental hazards that can be the cause of public health. After the research it has been seen that in the last few years, Newcastle has been faced with various types of environmental issues. So, it can be said that it is important to discuss this matter in a descriptive way.
Environmental Sustainability
This part is going to discuss the project and the impact of the population in Newcastle on this project. This part is concerned about the negative emissions technologies. In a way of explanation it can be explained that negative emissions technology can be called “Greenhouse Gas Removal” technologies (Donnison et al. 2020). The aim of this technology is to remove the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. It can be said that XPRIZE Carbon Solution can follow this technology to balance the carbon dioxide in the environment. In the discussion about the impact on Newcastle regarding this project, it can be said that this project can help to remove the carbon dioxide from Newcastle and the people who live in the populated area, they can relieve themselves from the pollution and they can live their life in a healthy environment. The children and the pregnant woman can be safe from the population and the critical disease. In a way of illustration it can be illustrated that in the “Paris Agreement” it has been declared that around 6 gigatons of Carbon dioxide in a year need to be captured by the year of 2050 in the world wide (GtCO2/yr) (Gough et al. 20180. The data shows that it is equivalent to seven times of the United Kingdom’s recent annual emissions. It can be said that the United Kingdom can remove carbon dioxide in a year and that amount of carbon dioxide is stored for the long term. The whole process is conducted by the negative emissions technology. It can be said that in a year the United Kingdom can store carbon dioxide around 0.7%.
This project can use BECCS technology to conduct all of this work. This technology is very expensive at the moment and it can help to capture the carbon dioxide. This technology can produce the energy from biomass and also this technology has the capability to capture the carbon dioxide and also store the carbon dioxide through this process. This technology can help to observe carbon dioxide in biomass plants. It can be illustrated that approx 50% of wood can observe CO2 from the atmosphere.
Figure: Carbon Cycle
In national and international decarbonisation evaluations, BECCS is seen as a critical component of keeping warming below 2°C (the aim of the 2015 Paris Agreement), but it confronts two significant challenges as it ramps up. The first is the financial aspect. A pilot BECCS facility in the United Kingdom now absorbs one tonne of CO2 every day. However, in order to scale it up to the level required to make a difference, a clear revenue stream will be required, most likely in the form of a subsidy, followed by market income (Gelfand et al. 2020). However, there is a fully operational BECCS project producing ethanol from maize at a commercial scale in Illinois, which serves as a “proof of concept” that BECCS can be done commercially.
In this note, it can be mentioned that excessive carbon dioxide changes the climate in the world. For that reason, it has been seen that the world has faced wildfires, droughts and tropical storms and heat waves. Due to these environmental hazards the production of the crop has been decreased and animals’ natural behaviour has been changed due to this reason.the good impact of this project to utilisze the excessive carbon dioxide and this project can meet up the UN Sustainable Development goals.
Incorporating Community Engagement
This part is going to discuss which of the steps that the project owner can take to ensure the concern factor of this project to the community of Newcastle. It can be said that the project owner or the project team can be made a team to evaluate the feedback of the community. In this case, it is very important to know about their situation and work as per their situations. This project also focused on this matter and for that reason, the team can survey and make a report after the project is conducted (Emenike et al. 2020). In this case, it is also necessary to know the reaction of the community after the project has been conducted. The team can analyse the report and improve their team performance and also they can implement new things in their technology to successfully complete the project. On the other hand the team can conduct a campaign to get to know the result of this project in that particular geographical place. In this case, it can be said that it is very important to know the feedback and the impact of the community. It is necessary to analyse the lifestyle of the poor people. In this note, it can be mentioned that evaluating a report has the capability to make sure the quality of the project work.
Project Technical Description
Process flow sheet
“Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage” captures the carbon dioxide from biomass and also helps in permanently storing those captured carbon dioxide. The energy is received from combustion of biomass in different devices like furnaces and boilers. The primary feature that BECCS provides is reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide from the environment. It can be noted from the above flowchart (Jones and Albanito, 2020). And further the reduction of carbon dioxide in the environment provides different functions to the environment like, increasing the total amount of energy, increasing security of food, providing displacement reduction, air pollution is highly reduced in the environment, and further improving the health of every person. BECCS is a very complex process and might face some tradeoffs or nuances and therefore it is crucial to use the system within boundary conditions which might include choosing of feedstock to be optimal, it is also important to balance the amount of carbon dioxide captured by BECCS and energy production. Another Important condition that needs to be kept in mind is that BECCS requires a permanent storage for the amount of carbon dioxide captured in underground “geological formations” (Langholtz et al. 2020). The functional unit which describes BECCS best is the main operational function that the system serves by capturing carbon dioxide from combustible biomass.
Description of energy and carbon balance
The primary process of this technology is to capture the carbon dioxide and store the carbon dioxide from “bioenergy” sources and try to remove excessive co2 from the atmosphere. In a way of explanation, it can be said that this process can isolate carbon dioxide from the climate and follow the process to store the carbon dioxide. The key energy of BECCS can be explained by the fact that the process can release the carbon negative gas and this process can help to make the environment healthy and create a proper atmosphere (Sagues et al. 2020). It can be explained that the process is concerned with capturing the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing the carbon dioxide in the valley and mountains and other geological places. It can be said that every technology has maintained a proper process to do the work in the proper sense. This technology also does that to maintain the project cost. As it said this process of technology has the capability to do the work at low cost.
Description of costs
This part is going to present the estimated costs in this process. This excel bar graph can present some of the energy and their estimated costs in this factor. It can be explained that the costs of biomass production can be 4.9% and hydro power can be 2.8% in this matter. It can be said that the highest cost can be spent on natural gas. This bar graph can present all the costs of the energy (Michaga et al. 2022). In a way of explaining it can be illustrated that Geothermal can spend
(Source: Self – created)
0.2% of cost and coal can spend 9.9% of costs. The technology of the negative emissions of carbon can spend the costs on this kind of energy. In this note, it can be mentioned that BECCS is the technology which can proceed with low cost by comparing with other technologies (Stavrakas et al. 2018). For this reason, this project can select this technology to precede the project work. This excel chart can present the costs of the Uranium that can be 8.9% and solar and other energy can be costs 1.3%. In this factor, one more thing can be mentioned that this technology can expense about $600 per ton of carbon dioxide.
References
Journals
Donnison, C., Holland, R.A., Hastings, A., Armstrong, L.M., Eigenbrod, F. and Taylor, G., 2020. Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Finding the win–wins for energy, negative emissions and ecosystem services—size matters. GCB Bioenergy, 12(8), pp.586-604.
Emenike, O., Michailos, S., Finney, K.N., Hughes, K.J., Ingham, D. and Pourkashanian, M., 2020. Initial techno-economic screening of BECCS technologies in power generation for a range of biomass feedstock. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 40, p.100743.
Esmeijer, K., den Elzen, M., Gernaat, D., van Vuuren, D., Doelman, J., Keramidas, K., Tchung-Ming, S., Despres, J., Schmitz, A., Forsell, N. and Havlik, P., 2018. 2° C and 1.5° C scenarios and possibilities of limiting the use of BECCS and bio-energy.
Fajardy, M., Morris, J., Gurgel, A., Herzog, H., Mac Dowell, N. and Paltsev, S., 2021. The economics of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) deployment in a 1.5 C or 2 C world. Global Environmental Change, 68, p.102262.
Gambhir, A., Butnar, I., Li, P.H., Smith, P. and Strachan, N., 2019. A review of criticisms of integrated assessment models and proposed approaches to address these, through the lens of BECCS. Energies, 12(9), p.1747.
Gelfand, I., Hamilton, S.K., Kravchenko, A.N., Jackson, R.D., Thelen, K.D. and Robertson, G.P., 2020. Empirical evidence for the potential climate benefits of decarbonizing light vehicle transport in the US with bioenergy from purpose-grown biomass with and without BECCS. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(5), pp.2961-2974.
Gough, C., Garcia-Freites, S., Jones, C., Mander, S., Moore, B., Pereira, C., Röder, M., Vaughan, N. and Welfle, A., 2018. Challenges to the use of BECCS as a keystone technology in pursuit of 1.5 ⁰C. Global Sustainability, 1.
Jones, M.B. and Albanito, F., 2020. Can biomass supply meet the demands of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)?. Global Change Biology, 26(10), pp.5358-5364.
Langholtz, M., Busch, I., Kasturi, A., Hilliard, M.R., McFarlane, J., Tsouris, C., Mukherjee, S., Omitaomu, O.A., Kotikot, S.M., Allen-Dumas, M.R. and DeRolph, C.R., 2020. The economic accessibility of CO2 sequestration through bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in the US. Land, 9(9), p.299.
Michaga, M.F.R., Michailos, S., Akram, M., Cardozo, E., Hughes, K.J., Ingham, D. and Pourkashanian, M., 2022. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) potential in jet fuel production from forestry residues: A combined Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessment approach. Energy Conversion and Management, 255, p.115346.
Sagues, W.J., Jameel, H., Sanchez, D.L. and Park, S., 2020. Prospects for bioenergy with carbon capture & storage (BECCS) in the United States pulp and paper industry. Energy & Environmental Science, 13(8), pp.2243-2261.
Stavrakas, V., Spyridaki, N.A. and Flamos, A., 2018. Striving towards the deployment of bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS): A review of research priorities and assessment needs. Sustainability, 10(7), p.2206.
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