CS215 Essay on Morality Assignment Sample
Here’s the best sample of CS215 Essay on Morality Assignment, written by the expert.
Essay Question: Is there an objective guide to morality?
Introduction
Morality concerns itself with the correctness and goodness with regards to the right or wrong standards of behavior. Morality standards consider moral behavior aspects, moral responsibility and moral identity (De Waal, 2009). Morals are derived from philosophy, culture and individual own beliefs. The moral principle varies from individual to individual owing to their beliefs on right and acceptable and wrong code of conduct. However, morals have taken place as a universal from fundamental human philosophy and emotions. Morality concerning the subjectivity and objectivity views is confusing in this multi-cultural world. Morality is based on societal consensus and individual human conscience to identify the moral standards (Woiceshyn, 2011). The morality principles govern the behavior on members in the societal systems. It is also true that morality principles are nurtured, shaped and altered by the culture or religion to differentiate about right and wrong. Thus, morality is seen belonging to particular viewpoints of particular communities however, it is also true that morality adheres to a set of moral guidelines in communities or religion or culture. The focus of this essay is to find answer to the easy question about is there an objective guide to morality with reference to self views and biblical and Christian point of views.
Key aspects of Morality
Morality in the real sense has subjective view and culturally facts that are objective. The basic morality principles are nearly accepted by all the societal groups but moral claims are altered based on distinctive culture of a society. The philosophy of moral ethics is complex as there are different worldview that interprets reality to comprehend the universe in judging about right and wrong to lead daily routine life. Thus, it can be said that the moral opinion is shaped by how an individual make an interpretation of reality and interaction with others and forms worldview. According to Woiceshyn (2011), moral choices are based on the standards and belief of an individual and also based on what an individual feels correct. Hence, it was found that the moral opinion affect individual opinion and beliefs about god, life, life purpose, marriage and social structure, politics, environment and behavior as right and wrong. The morality seen to constitute an objective element in the implementation of moral conduct along with subjective element due to multi-cultural societies and considering the subjective experience of individual towards moral choices, values, rules and obligations.
However, from a Christian view, the morals are denied to be subjective as it is found from the Christian Worldview believes that God exists and is self sufficient highlighting to be absolute and created universe and man in the image of God (Kim et al., 2009). Thus, it can be said that the morality is viewed from a Christian perspective has theory of God existence and its discovery to human beings through bible and in nature, in ethics and in person as Jesus Christ. The nature of god forms standard for deciding on right and wrong while the word of God (The bible) also give principles to evaluate morality of issues related to social aspects, scientific/ technical, and technology. Thus, it can be said that the biblical principles provide assessment of morality and moral boundaries for right and wrong behavior.
Morality from an objective point
According to Dorsey (2011), moral objectives are required to provide a justification for the universal moral obligation as without objective point the obligation cannot be reasonable. In relation to an objective guide to morality, the morals are not based on an individual preference or subjective experience and moral does not change in different situation. This highlight the objective moral as a moral truth that does not changed with changing circumstances. It can be said that the moral propositions based on objective point are applicable universally to all individuals and no other conditions are considered that change this moral. For instance, I believe that the moral rule such as harming or tormenting innocent people is immoral and is objective as the validity of this code is not based on the personal grounds but followed and acceptable by all moral people. Thus, it can be said that there is objective guide to morality which cannot be changed by other people as they are valid. However, in cultural societies, the moral rules changes due to ethical thinking and individual can find it unacceptable or may not appeal to it if they are following a high ethical code or a different morality principle which also correspond towards the good of the society and the individual (Goodwin et al., 2012).
In the views of De Waal (2009), morality has a channel which is grounded by facts as mathematics and science. Morality is considered to be objectively factual for instance; it is true that any intentional harm is immoral. However, I think that if there were objective guide for morality than each human being contributes towards same moral values as morality is considered to be a characteristic aspect of humankind. Thus, I have observed that each human being share different moral values. Thus, considering all people I believe there is lack of moral consensus on views towards issues. It can be understood that in some situation, there may be an objective guide to morality which is universally binding however, morality is not seen as an objective guide in world of moral flexibility and change.
From the study of Dorsey (2011), it is viewed that morality has an objective conduct by which human recognize right form of behavior that is good and acceptable to others. On the other hand, Bénabou and Tirole (2011) state that morality with objective lead has moral codes that are customized by specific cultures and there is no subjective morality. It can be said that new morality based on subjectivity cannot be invented as morality is tailored based on objective direction. Similarly, in support of objective guide to morality, the opinion of Goodwin et al. (2012) consider moral claims can be true or false based on human interactions and involve right and obligations that only reasonable people agree. In my thinking, objective guide rationale over feelings that can help the society to solve their issues in a much better way. I consider that the purpose of morality is to offer guidance within and outside society to deal with different issues. I view that the objective guide in particular communities provides the role for each member of the society to achieve the moral codes and meet the moral responsibility. In addition, I believe that moral principles are objective that guide an individual to achieve values in life and acquire good relations with family, neighbors and social circle. Woiceshyn (2011) mentions that moral principle like truthfulness/integrity, justice and rationality are objective in nature which guide in making effective logical decisions based on facts and avoiding decision made over feelings and emotions. I think that the moral principles under objective direction provide guidance to individuals to consider relevant facts and to reach conclusion without rush through logic observation. According to Roemer (2010), the moral philosophy of Kant argues rationality standard as morality principle under the categorical imperative (as fundamental principle) that is objective and needs to be followed regardless of usual inclinations. This fundamental principle is thus, applicable to all rational individuals in all the circumstances. Thus, in my opinion it can be said that the moral requirement are justified by moral principles as rational which do not violate categorical imperative under this moral philosophy.
Bazerman and Gino (2012) refer morality as a descriptive sense under standard of behavior put by social system if particular religious or culture group and also put forwards normative sense where conditions are specified for code of conduct by all the rational individuals. From descriptive sense of morality, it can be said that there are no universal moral that can be applied universally thus, no objective guide is indicated. But, in normative sense of morality, the moral codes are accepted by all meeting the specified conditions of being objective/ rational (Rossi and Sleat, 2014). However, in both senses, not all the moral codes are accepted which is laid by society or moral agents.
Also, in a Christian worldview the will of God towards a moral issue is declared for morally wrongs things/ actions under its ten commandments (Kim et al., 2009). I maintain that in Christianity, there is objective guide to morality and the precondition for objective moral is God as universe creator, revelator, and declare the moral code and standard demand from the human beings. The bible is a source of morality to find the right and wrong under the God law. Also from the biblical viewpoint, Christian worldview has a different thinking towards the morality as there is revelation of nature and character of God (Curran, 2012). In this religion, the existence of God concerns the basis of objective guide to morality as a necessary condition for the objective moral value presence.
On the other hand, there are continued arguments over the objectivity to morality and existence of objective moral truths which is applicable to all. It is argued that moral rules can be derived in an objective way but there is no objective ground to implement or to accept them universally. It is also argued that even in culturally similar communities there exist a difference in te moral codes and practices which indicate the subjective competent to morality in determining the correct and wrong behavior. Thus, a part of morality is objective considering the majority cultural societies. Differently, it can be said that objectivity to morality is applicable in certain religion/ culture which has an objective guide to accept them and applies to all within the particular group (Bloom, 2012). It can be added that the morality standards is liked to objectivity but is seems to be observable in particular religion like Christianity which highlight the role of members and tasks to achieve moral objectives and implement moral conduct imparted through the teaching of church. It can be said that morality has contain code of conducts which is either accepted and agreed by an individual owing to own behavior and experience or is given by the religious group or particular cultural community. I also believe that morality is linked to objective guide to define standard for behavioral responses that is acceptable and good to self and others and to justify the action and behavior that can be rewarded and the kinds of actions that can be punished. Thus, the system of morality seems to follow an objective channel endorsing codes and standards of acceptable behavior and actions. Thus, to act in a moral way the behavior stems from an objective interest that motives individuals (Dorsey, 2011). On the other hand, I also believe that objective guide to morality is more often related to particular religion that offer moral objectives which are independent of personal preference. The action or behavior that is right and wrong is not dependent on individual feeling and judgment but is guided by sound facts and reasonability.
Conclusion
To sum it up, it can be said that morality is associated with objective component however; it is also related to the subjective nature owing to the individual experience, emotions and preference. Morality is complex to understand from the subjective and objective aspects, the subjective aspects involve personal preference and values and the objective involves searching of universally applied values and their implication. It can be said that there is an objective guide to morality but it is confined to certain societies, specific culture or religion in their shared moral values and choices. There are ethical traditions and standard of objectives for morality in particular religious society. It can be summarized that under the objective guide to morality, the codes of morality is based on shared agreement and it also provide each individual member of the society with their role and tasks to achieve moral standards and fulfill moral obligations. It can be conclude that there exist an objective guide to morality to a certain extent which is based on facts and logic and it is not always an affair of personal choice and preference.
References
Bazerman, M.H. and Gino, F., 2012. Behavioral ethics: Toward a deeper understanding of moral judgment and dishonesty. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8, pp.85-104.
Bénabou, R. and Tirole, J., 2011. Identity, morals, and taboos: Beliefs as assets. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(2), pp.805-855.
Bloom, P., 2012. Religion, morality, evolution. Annual review of psychology, 63, pp.179-199.
Curran, C., 2012. Is there a Catholic and/or Christian Ethic?. Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America, 29.
De Waal, F., 2009. Primates and philosophers: How morality evolved. US: Princeton University Press.
Dorsey, D., 2011. Objective morality, subjective morality and the explanatory question. J. Ethics & Soc. Phil., 6, p.i.
Goodwin, G.P. and Darley, J.M., 2012. Why are some moral beliefs perceived to be more objective than others?. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), pp.250-256.
Kim, D., Fisher, D. and McCalman, D., 2009. Modernism, Christianity, and business ethics: A worldview perspective. Journal of business ethics, 90(1), p.115.
Roemer, J.E., 2010. Kantian equilibrium. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 112(1), pp.1-24.
Woiceshyn, J., 2011. A model for ethical decision making in business: Reasoning, intuition, and rational moral principles. Journal of business Ethics, 104(3), pp.311-323.
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