CW2: Simulation Modelling Assignment Sample
Introduction
The global market has seen considerable alteration since the 1970s, when it transitioned from a conventional, relatively stable state to one of dynamic diversification and worldwide competitiveness. In addition to increasing competition and mutual penetration within and across industries, competition and mutual penetration are also expanding across and within other industries as well as across and within other sectors. Because of the quick changes in the market and the growing competitiveness, modern manufacturing organisations must find solutions to their TQCS issues. These difficulties include meeting a variety of customer requirements in the shortest amount of time to market, with the highest possible product quality at the lowest possible product cost, and by providing traditional services. Listed below are a few instances of TQCS problems (Hu,2021)
Simulation Modelling
In response to the rapid development of information technology, new modern manufacturing techniques and technologies have been introduced into the market (particularly computer technology, computer networking, and data processing). It was common practise in factories in the 1980s to implement computer-integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS); in the late 1980s, it was common practise to employ simultaneous design in order to improve production levels. It was also common practise in the 1990s to implement advances in advanced manufacturing technology; in the late 1990s, it was common practise to introduce new concepts such as Virtual Manufacturing and Lean Production; and in the early 2000s, it was common practise to introduce new cobots (Haleem, 2018). There are several essential parts and applications that make up virtual manufacturing and systems (VMS), and the objective of this chapter is to go into deeper depth on the notion of virtual manufacturing and systems (VMS).
roduction-centred For example, virtualization can be used in the construction of production plans as well as the planning of resource requirements. It can also be used in the evaluation of these plans, among other things. Simulation is included into manufacturing process models in production-focused virtual reality (VM), allowing for a more cost-effective and timely evaluation of a wide range of processing options. The use of virtual reality is getting increasingly prevalent. When compared to previous ways, it is possible to provide more specific cost information as well as delivery dates with this approach. For example, evolutionary re-engineering and optimization tactics, to name a few, could be helpful to a fabrication facility in the long run. To enable high-confidence validation of novel processes and paradigms, researchers are combining analysis of production simulation with existing integration and analytic technologies in production-centered virtual reality (VM) (Shao2018).
A control-centered virtual machine in engineering allows engineers to test new or changed product designs on the shop floor by utilising a virtual machine in engineering control to simulate the shop floor environment. According to the company, a control-centered virtual machine (VM) generates information that may be used to optimise manufacturing processes and improve manufacturing systems. Using machine control models, control-centered virtualization (VCV) is a strategy for optimising operations in the real-world production cycle that is becoming increasingly popular (Yang,2019).
Model design
Designers can gain access to manufacturing data while still in the idea development stage of a project through the use of design-centered virtual manufacturing techniques. In virtual manufacturing, with a particular emphasis on production, technology is employed during the production planning phase to improve the overall efficiency of the manufacturing process by utilising simulation technology. Virtual manufacturing is becoming increasingly popular. In the actual world, the goal of virtual manufacturing, which is based on a machine control model, is to increase the efficiency of the manufacturing process, which is achieved through simulation. In the virtual world, the goal of virtual manufacturing is to reduce the cost of production (Cheng2020).
The act of presenting information in a way that is understandable and easy to follow when it comes to data visualisation is known as data visualisation. In addition to issues like as information distillation, aggregation, and automatic interpretation, it also includes topics such as machine learning. It also includes elements like as virtual reality and graphical user interfaces, amongst others (GUIs).
Virtual manufacturing systems (VMS) are computer-based systems that are planned and executed in a computer-based environment, which is referred to as “construction technology.” In the construction industry, this technology is referred to as “environmental construction technology.” Using these technologies, data can be retrieved, models can be built, the virtual environment can be customised, and virtual processes may be interconnected with one another.
There are many different types of information that must be represented in order to effectively develop and build a product; this includes information such as product specs, manufacturing information, and other types of information, among other things. Using the same methodologies and approaches for expressing information, communication between software programmes that use the same methods and techniques for describing information can be accomplished in a clear and easily understandable manner.
Because of the use of eta-modeling, it is possible to construct, describe, and design models that allow for inter-model communication and interaction. Standardization and integration are extremely crucial in this business.
By using the underlying infrastructure, it is possible to interchange models and integrate product and process development across geographically distributed organisations and organisations (e.g. network, communications). A critical element of this new technology is its capacity to interface with and interact with any virtual manufacturing technologies, which is a considerable advantage (Shao,2018).
Simulation Model Development.
Because of the advancements in computer software, it is now possible to imitate a real-world system or environment. It is possible to simulate the control of real-world systems while achieving results that are comparable to those gained in the real world using this technology, which is constituted of a diverse variety of computer software applications and connections to real-world systems. Included are aspects of this new technology that entail model optimization and validation, as well as other aspects.
In the field of simulation-based reason, the process of designing, deploying, and employing virtual manufacturing systems in various applications is referred to as “simulation-based reason.” Alternative solutions, prospective solutions, problem definition/fine tuning, and other types of problems are referred to as “other” problems in this context because they are defined in a way that simulation can provide insights (e.g., alternative solutions, prospective solutions, problem definition/fine tuning). It seems likely that more than “simulation” will be necessary in order to effectively address the problem. It is hard to discern between the various parts of this method at any point during any of the various steps of this technique. However, it is critical to maintain consistency throughout the entire operation in order to achieve success in the end.
While manufacturing, a multitude of variables can have an impact on the performance of a final product. This technology is used to capture, measure, and analyse the performance of a final product in real time, allowing for more efficient manufacturing overall. Furthermore, the project’s scope includes the development of generic models of these processes, which will be based on data gathered on the manufacturing floor.
“Verification, validation, and measurement technology” refers to the ways and technologies that are used to aid in the verification and validation of a virtual manufacturing system. It is a broad term that encompasses a variety of methodologies and technologies. Making decisions based on virtual manufacturing “simulation” necessitates a high level of confidence that the consequences of those decisions will be realised in the real world, or else your conclusions will be judged invalid. Technology and processes are developed with the purpose of instilling confidence in the user. In order for the verification and validation procedures to be successful, measurement must play a key role in the building of a mapping between the physical and virtual environments, and it must be an accurate mapping.
Workflow refers to the path that activities travel within an organisation as they move through the organization’s processes.
Among the responsibilities of this area are the documentation of workflow procedures, their evaluation, and the continual improvement of those procedures and processes.
Results and Analysis
An intuitionistic, visible dynamic model of each component assembly in a virtual environment is generated by the computer, and this model is then utilised to study each component assembly in the virtual environment via interference. [numbers 17 and 18] are the most recent. It is possible to increase design efficiency and costs while simultaneously reducing costs if design errors are identified and corrected sooner rather than later. In virtual assembly, quotation marks are used to denote the separation of words. Rather of communicating the position of each component to the assembly model, the recall operation simply recalls the positions of each component in the model rather than the entire assembly model; this is referred to as the “recall” process. The components are provided to the assembly model in the quantities and at the times that have been specified by the model during the design process. Because of this, the quantity of hard disc and memory space required during the procedure is reduced. As a result of the quotation technique, the assembly model has only the most recent component assembly information, allowing the engineer to save a significant amount of time during the design process. A modification to the assembly model can be implemented fast and easily, and the model can be updated to reflect the change as soon as the change is implemented. There is less manual labour to be done as a result of this in general. The use of the quotation technique, which provides technical assistance to the project team, makes concurrent engineering a lot less complicated.
On a computer, it is feasible to save a distinct file for each component that is cited by the assembly model in order to simplify the process. The ability to control and distribute across networks makes it an excellent choice for group projects due to its flexibility in this regard.
To give you an idea of what is available, top-to-bottom assembly mode and bottom-to-top assembly mode, to name a couple of the assembly modes available in virtual assembly, are examples of what is available. A variety of virtual assembly models are available for designers to choose from based on the many different types of product attributes that are currently available.
There are five main processes involved in the design of a virtual assembly model, as illustrated in Figure
It is necessary to have a three-dimensional photo-realistic salesroom environment with a variety of virtual product models available in order to have an Internet virtual salesroom (see Figure 4). Virtual prototyping is a critical innovation enabler in a wide range of industries, but it is particularly essential in the consumer electronics and telecommunications industries (in Nokia case). Electronic commerce for customers as well as business-to-business electronic commerce throughout the value chain is enabled through the use of advanced modelling and simulation tools, user interface methodologies, and virtual reality [10, 11].
When using virtual prototypes instead of or in conjunction with physical prototypes, it is possible to examine and assess the precise elements of a proposed design in order to determine whether the design is a good fit for the intended use. A considerable deal of attention is placed on the following points in particular:
Using cutting-edge human-computer interfaces based on virtual reality techniques, we hope to give users a strong intuitive sense of being in the real world, while also enabling them to have a meaningful impact on the environment through meaningful engagement. Because there are several layers of reality available in virtual worlds, we can concentrate on any one feature of the product that we select.
Among the most fundamental interaction interfaces in computer science and computing technology, a two-dimensional window-based user interface, as well as a keyboard and mouse, are frequently cited as examples. When it comes to more advanced virtual prototyping environments, 3D user interfaces, 3D position and orientation tracking, as well as auditory and tactile feedback devices, are all frequent features to find. Customizable virtual prototyping environments can incorporate any combination of video, natural and computer-generated pictures, and different spatial representations, among other features. Video, natural and computer-generated images, as well as other spatial representations, are all options. You can get an accurate approximation of reality during the development phase if you’re developing a virtual environment.
When it comes to ensuring that the outcomes of virtual prototyping are communicated to people who are interested in learning more about them, it is vital that they are properly utilised and utilised efficiently. professionals who are directly involved in the creation of a product (e.g. digital signal processing designers, software and hardware developers, mechanical designers, sales and marketing specialists) may fall under the purview of the term “product creation” can be classified as belonging to this category. Due to the fact that these individuals are typically distributed across a broad geographic area, it is critical to depend on communication networks in order to establish viable solutions.
By utilising the Internet, it is possible to transmit the outcomes of virtual prototypes to other participants in a concurrent product development project that is scattered across multiple sites. The Internet offers a diverse range of possibilities for businesses to explore in terms of distribution methods, marketing communication media, and even markets in and of themselves. [4] Customers derive the greatest benefit from the medium’s structural qualities, which include information availability, search capabilities, and the capacity to conduct on-line product trials, among other things. Customers derive the biggest benefit from the medium’s structural qualities. Using virtual prototyping in this particular instance appears to be the most efficient alternative, at least in terms of the amount of time and money that could be saved.
As an illustration, consider the direct electronic delivery of software and the development of an aesthetically pleasing and engaging Web site, both of which provide potential for distinction from the competition. In a similar vein, a visually amazing photorealistic working virtual 3D prototype of a product that is both functional and aesthetically beautiful may be considered to be of equivalent quality to a physical product.
The least important product attribute, according to consumers who completed online purchases, is the lowest price, indicating that this type of behaviour is already popular on the Internet.
…An industrial simulation software package like Virtual Manufacturing, for example, is capable of modelling and simulating a wide range of variables in the manufacturing environment, from shop floor activity to business transactions. The VM platform, which will contain everything from purchasing to inventory management, will let users to see the entire supply chain rather than just particular manufacturing phases, and will allow them to see the full supply chain at a glance. They will be able to see the full supply chain, from raw materials to final items, rather than just individual manufacturing phases as a result of this, rather than just individual production phases.
[12] It is common to hear all of the terminology related with virtual prototyping in the same sentence, including virtual prototype, digital design, and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). On the other hand, those who are participating in the development of these technical solutions demand a specific focus in the development of these solutions. In this instance, the first thing that must be addressed is the development of the requisite engineering teams to carry out the project. The second item to be discussed is the development of Virtual Corporations through virtual cooperation (VE). In all circumstances, manufacturability and a skill set matrix are crucial considerations to keep in mind. For example, in order to form VE, it is necessary to have a digital presentation in place as well as certified partners in the organisation. Allow us to interfere in the virtual environment because this entire procedure can only be carried out in that environment at this time, and we need to do so.
Conclusion
In addition, the creation of a new double problem by combining some virtual reality methodologies for the construction and testing of virtual environments with ad-hoc techniques developed within the context of VE development, such as the VE algebras that we can produce for each project, has been identified as an issue. This has the potential to create a new triple challenge. VE was conceptualised and developed as a result of a project [9], which we believe was the driving factor behind its inception and development. In the current state of virtual reality research, there are numerous new challenges to overcome, one of which is how to properly approach communities as virtual reality entities. When constructing a virtual lifespan, the integration of all of the distinct data is essential.
References
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Peruzzini, M., Pellicciari, M. and Gadaleta, M., 2019. A comparative study on computer-integrated set-ups to design human-centred manufacturing systems. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 55, pp.265-278.
Malik, A.A., Masood, T. and Bilberg, A., 2020. Virtual reality in manufacturing: immersive and collaborative artificial-reality in design of human-robot workspace. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 33(1), pp.22-37.
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Haleem, A., Javaid, M. and Saxena, A., 2018. Additive manufacturing applications in cardiology: A review. The Egyptian heart journal, 70(4), pp.433-441.
Cheng, J., Zhang, H., Tao, F. and Juang, C.F., 2020. DT-II: Digital twin enhanced Industrial Internet reference framework towards smart manufacturing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 62, p.101881.
Shao, G. and Kibira, D., 2018, December. Digital manufacturing: Requirements and challenges for implementing digital surrogates. In 2018 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) (pp. 1226-1237). IEEE.
Hu, L., Nguyen, N.T., Tao, W., Leu, M.C., Liu, X.F., Shahriar, M.R. and Al Sunny, S.N., 2018. Modeling of cloud-based digital twins for smart manufacturing with MT connect. Procedia manufacturing, 26, pp.1193-1203.
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