Data Analysis Assignment Sample
SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS ON TRAFFIC COLLISIONS AND DEATHS IN INDIA
Introduction
Spatial data analysis is one of the essential and major parts of traffic collisions and deaths in India. Traffic collisions and deaths are one of the most effective and efficient parts of human life. Most of the time in the present situation there are chances of increasing traffic collisions and deaths in India due to many reasons. In recent times most of the transport systems are not well designed and also have not good infrastructure. Due to this, there are many deaths on the roads of India. On the other spatial data analysis also states that it involves for the interaction with the recollection of the data and maps that are included and relate to the specification of the particular question and which are authorized for the visualization and exploration to gain the geographic information and the result of analyzing the particular question. This study is about the traffic collisions and deaths that occur on the roads of India. A traffic collision is the part of a vehicle that includes the vehicle motor. This collision will occur when a vehicle hits another vehicle. This also includes a person or an objective. Due to this collision, most humans and creative objects are facing many problems and also causing death. In this research the study is about analyzing various kinds of traffic collisions, traffic data, rules, and regulations are discussed. This study highlights the rules and regulations that must be followed by humans. The techniques to stop the traffic collisions are also discussed here.
Background of Study
Traffic collisions are one of the major and essential parts in terms of accidents and deaths. It contains motor vehicles. When one vehicle hits another vehicle, at that time this traffic collision occurs. Previously there were many traffic collisions and deaths in India. In the past there was no use of the latest technology in vehicles. Due to the lack of using the latest technology there were problems among the humans, as they faced many challenges in the roads of India (AkliluToma et al.2021). India has the well designed and well reputed system and transport technology, which play a crucial role for the development of the activities that contain the economical states and able to be promoting goods and service and motion of the peoples. Previously the numbers of traffic accidents increased rapidly. In 2018 the numbers of traffic accidents were “4, 54,130”. But on the other hand in 2019 the number of accidents were “5, 10,234”. These accidents and deaths were caused by the various kinds of traffic collisions and road accidents. In the past there were many reasons for the traffic collision and road accidents. Previously the road accidents were due to the over speeding by the drivers (Carpio et al.2019). In the past most of the drivers did not follow the traffic rule and drove the car at over speed. Due to this over speed there creates accidents for the homeless peoples and also for the drivers. Previously there were also reasons for the traffic collision for the drunk driven. Most of the time the number of drivers drove the car drunk. This was also the cause of the traffic collisions. Previously the conditions of roads were not well structured. A GIS is also known as the geographic information system. This system is helps to makes, maintain, analyzing, and the maps that includes all type of data. This GIS is connected with the road map. It also helps for the integrating the data location. GIS also provides a foundation of the maps and evaluate to use this maps for the road. Geographic Information System also helps the drivers for the right pattern, to build relationship and for the geographic context. Due to this it enhance the communication and for better decision making. There were many holes in the middle of the roads. Due to this, holes in the middle of the roads caused many traffic collisions for the humans. Previously most of the drivers avoided the safety gears and did not wear the seat belts. This also caused the traffic collision. On the other hand, in the past most of the drivers wanted to overtake other vehicles. Due to this overtaking system, there were more traffic collisions in the roads of India.
Literature Study
According to Arshad Jamal (2021), in this research mentions that safe mobility is one of the critical elements for normal communities. It is a normal right of the road users. Road accidents are the main cause of injuries and also fatalities in different types of countries. Road accidents have a global public health examination and it’s the main reported cause of all deaths. Road transport safety is affected by human factors and also the characteristics of the vehicles. Road crashes mainly depend on the different kinds of factors. The developing countries mainly suffered from road accidents. Various types of reasons are there for road accidents. The reasons for the high rates of crashes are high income, good roadway conditions, and also low cost of fuel. Many types of traffic mollify measures and effects are well reported, including traffic lights and also speed cameras. The speed camera is reducing the accident number. The transporter is putting in major efforts and improving road safety. For improving safety, first of all, identify the accident spots. Most of the road accidents occur in the locations along with some road networks, it’s called crash hotspots. Developing the hazard index can be a good tool to find the locations and should implement the safety measures. The next step is recognition of the spots and followed by the estimation of the effects, implementation, and costs (Chen et al.2019). There are many types of methods that have to find the spots for the identification process. Most accidents depend on the driver’s behavior.
According to Raman Arvin et al. 2019 in this research, road accidents are individuals’ lives on the road globally. These accidents are affected by permanent injuries. WHO reports that all the road safety suggested the road fatality rate across the countries? The traffic control fatality rate is mainly two types like low and middle-income countries. The variation in the road safety indicators and also costs of the crashes. The external factors are the traffic structure, safety measures, etc. The traffic crashes are the normal components, which includes the loss of the production, property damages, and medical costs, and the main is the economic valuation. These components are divided into two main parts, like tangible cost and also intangible cost. The intangible costs are maicomprisedrise and impact of the traffic crashes. Road safety has been abundant in the social outcome of the crashes. The speed camera is reducing the accident number. The transporter is putting in major efforts and improving road safety.
figure1: Crash frequency level at the tract level
(Source: Ramin Arvin et al. 2019)
There is no research in investigating the crash cost and its fine at the geographical level. The traffic crashes do not affect the geographic areas. The crash cost depends on two types of elements, economic injury unit and another one is the quality adjustment of the life year. The traffic crashes at the level of zonal consists into the two parts, reflects the injury and reflects the all vehicle damages cost.
Analysis
Population
Population analysis is one of the major parts in terms of traffic collisions and deaths. Population puts impact on humans and causes road and traffic accidents. Population is defined as the number of humans in a particular and a single area which can contain a city, region, continent and also the country or in the world (Goel, et al.2021). Population also contains groups that maintain the individuals. It also helps in highlighting the common activities and characteristics of the individuals.
The population rate in India has increased rapidly each and every year with 1.0%. Due to this increasing population rate in India it creates problems among humans. On the other hand due to this effective population there creates chances of traffic collision and road accidents among the humans (Jomnonkwao et al.2018). But on the other hand due to the effective and immense increase of population there bring out some challenges for the population. Increasing of population there creates a problem in the demographic and area condition problem. The most challenging part of the population is poverty and traffic collisions. Most of the time the homeless humans are facing these accidents problems, as the over speeding, drunk driver drives the car. The traffic crashes are the normal components, which includes the loss of the production, property damages, and medical costs, and the main is the economic valuation.
Due to the lack of money, property, and essential components, most of the humans, which includes the poorer section, are not able to give full and best treatment to them. As a result the poorer section people faced many accidents and due to the proper treatment they faced death issues.
Traffic data
Traffic data is also an essential and major part in the term of traffic collision, road accidents and deaths in India. Traffic data is the data which helps to gain the knowledge and information about the deaths and traffic collisions in the roads of India. Traffic data also helps to take all precautions after examining and measuring all information about the accidents. Traffic data is also defined as the methods of data processing for the reason and purpose of transportation of a communication of an electronic communications or the electronic network (Khan et al. 2019). Due to this communications and network it helps for the advertisement and promote the communications which includes the data routing and the time duration of the communication. Traffic data also helps for sharing the data of the accidents and deaths due to the road collision. There creates the chances of increasing the road accidents in urban areas. To stop this road accidents spatial analysis is more important. This spatial is helps for the improvement and be able to solve the location- oriented problems. Due to this spatial analyzing the drivers can get the information about the traffic and road condition. It also helps for the examine about the traffic data. This also help for the drivers to be safe at the time of driving. This will help humans to be careful while driving motor vehicles. In this traffic data here also mentioned about the percentage of deaths among the years of the accidents. In recent scenarios in traffic data it also mentions the time when the humans are waiting for the traffic signals to change. Due to this change of traffic signals most of the humans are getting injured and some cause deaths because of the immense speed of motor vehicles.
This traffic data contains the various traffic collisions in the India. This traffic collision figure also includes and contains the number of accidents that are increasing year by year. This figure also contains the increasing percentage that is evaluated year by year. These traffic collisions figure also make up several road accidents, railway accidents, railway crossing accidents and the deaths that are respectively reasons of death.
This traffic collision figure also contains and mentions the state wise traffic accident cases in the time of 2019. Most of the states are facing more traffic accidents. These accidents are increasing rapidly and with a good percentage of growth.
There are three types of GIS methods
- Vector Data
- Point Data
- Line Data
Vector data is helps for the monitoring the point, line segments for the traffic data. Point data is also helps for the monitoring the point locations that can helps for the drivers to drive well in the road. Line data is also helps for the measurement of the length of roads. Due to this line data the chances of road accidents decreased.
Road analysis
Road analysis is also an essential part of the traffic collision in India. It is also a major part for creating road accidents and traffic collisions. Most of the time in a particular area mostly in the village side, the roads are not well structured. Due to the lack of well-structured and well-designed roads, it often creates problems for the drivers. The drivers are not able to drive the car safely. In recent times and scenarios it is difficult to travel in India by road. It is more dangerous and can get affected by humans (Usman et al. 2020). India is the leading in the world for the number of traffic collisions and deaths. Due to this road analysis in traffic collisions most of the citizens who are coming from outside are facing problems. As they are not able to drive properly on these roads. Most of the roads in India have big holes in the middle of the road. This creates problems for the drivers. Travel at night in India is the most difficult and dangerous for drivers. Most of the places in India, there are not sufficient lights and road signs. Due to the lack of lights and road signs most of the driver’s faced many challenges and issues with driving. Due to this communications and network it helps for the advertisement and promote the communications which includes the data routing and the time duration of the communication. The poor maintenance and development can cause several accidents in the roads in India. The drivers must be able to drive the car properly.
This is the figure of national highway lengths and area. The drivers must be able to follow the lengths and area to stop the road accident and traffic collision.
Existing traffic rules & regulation
In recent times humans and drivers must be able to follow the rules and regulations to stop traffic collisions and road accidents. Traffic rules and regulation is defined as the rules and essential points to stop road accidents and traffic collisions. These rules are also essential for the drivers and the humans. Due to evaluation of the traffic rules many poorer sections of the people are getting safety issues. Most of the poorer and homeless section of people are facing the accident issue. After the accidents occur, the poorer section are not able to take proper treatment. As a result it causes death for them. There are some important and essential rules that help the drivers to stop the road accidents issues (Xie et al. 2021). Not drinking and driving is more efficient and important. Both drink and drive bring many several accidents as well death for the humans. The drivers and the humans must be able to understand the value of not using mobile phones while driving and riding. Using mobile phones while driving, the drivers and the riders are not able to get enough concentration for driving. As a result there creates chances for accidents. The drivers and the riders must be able to wear the seatbelts, to carry their own car insurance policy, not to over speed and not to jump the red light when the traffic stop.
Recommendation
In the present scenario the chances of road accidents and traffic collisions is increasing rapidly in India. Due to this increase in off road accidents and traffic collisions most of the poorer section of the people faced many several issues. As they are not able to take proper treatment and also not able to get proper precautions. Most of the time, in India there are many roads that are not properly executed and structured. As a result many accidents happen. In this section of the research the recommendation is to maintain and well structure and design the roads of India. Due to the well maintenance, there are chances to decrease road accidents. All the humans and the drivers are mentioned to follow the traffic rules to avoid road accidents and traffic collisions. There are some rules and effects of spatial data analysis to overcome the road accidents. To uses of these techniques the chances of road accidents are decreased. The generation of spatial data is implemented on a regular basis. As a result due to this implementation it also help for reduce the road accidents in India. Spatialiazation of transformation data is also helps for the implement the road and length of the road. This also helps to reduce the road accidents. Visualization is also helps to decrease the road accidents in India, as this visualization helps for the drivers to monitoring the road situation.
Conclusion
In this section the research is about the spatial data analysis on the traffic collision and deaths in India. The research also states the spatial data analysis and its characteristics. This data analysis, which puts an impact on the road accidents and traffic collisions, is also discussed. The research is also about the various kinds of road accidents and its year wise increases. The research also states that impacts of the population and traffic data in terms of traffic collisions and road accidents. The essential and important points to be followed by the drivers and the riders to stop the road accident in India is also mentioned here.
Reference List
Journals
AkliluToma, S., Senbeta, B.A. and Bezabih, A.A., 2021. Spatial distribution of road traffic accident at Hawassa City Administration, Ethiopia. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 31(4).
Available at: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejhs/article/download/214553/202360
Carpio, C.J., 2020. Capabilities of Traffic Enforcers in Implementing Traffic Rules and Regulations in Nueva Ecija. International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention, 6(01), pp.115-123. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5ad1/b12facf3543e1036cbd69cc4c07c6cbe01bd.pdf
Chen, X., He, Z. and Sun, L., 2019. A Bayesian tensor decomposition approach for spatiotemporal traffic data imputation. Transportation research part C: emerging technologies, 98, pp.73-84. Available at: https://lijunsun.github.io/files/papers/2019-TRC-Tensor.pdf
Goel, R., Jain, P. and Tiwari, G., 2018. Correlates of fatality risk of vulnerable road users in Delhi. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 111, pp.86-93. Available at: https://aspace.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/271746/785%20-%20traffic_fatalities_delhi_manuscript_2017-09-29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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Usman, M., Qaraqe, M., Asghar, M.R., Gebremariam, A.A., Ansari, I.S., Granelli, F. and Abbasi, Q.H., 2020. A business and legislative perspective of V2X and mobility applications in 5G networks. IEEE Access, 8, pp.67426-67435. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/8948470/09057672.pdf
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