Development Of This Study Of Management Assignment Sample
Introduction
Significance of this study of management is to evolve theoretical underpinning of organisational behaviour and management of business processes. Behaviour or attribute of individual people in business organisations depends on diverse structures of an organisation (Balwant, 2018). This study of management sheds light on evaluating recent developments in operational management and organisational business in contrast to classical era.
1. Definition of Organisational Behaviour (OB)
Term “Organisational Behaviour (OB)”, defines as an application of knowledge regarding functionalities of individuals as well as groups within organisations. As per views of Balwant (2018), OB helps in striving to address appropriate ways in which people can act more effectively. OB also deals with diverting human attitudes or behaviours towards organisational requirements. It can also be defined as predicting as well as managing human behaviour caused by groups or individual people towards potential requirements of organisational strategies and improvement. Successful development of these concerned aspects in workplace helps to make potential differences between job involvement and organisational commitment within an effective manner. Exchange of psychological contract along with generation of workers can be performed through development of organisational behaviour towards form of firm requirements.
Figure 1: Determinants of OB
(Source: As opinion by Da Veiga et al. 2020)
As an example, in healthcare organisations, ensuring patient safety and managing ethical behaviours among medical practitioners are necessary. In this context, it helps to maintain a patient centred care and improve effective healthcare delivery process. Additionally, it also increases satisfaction level among patients. This kind of satisfaction and development can be possible through implementation of effective organisational behaviour in firm operations. Therefore, implementation of organisational behaviour assists in understanding critical settings of making goals towards organisation requirements.
2. Importance of OB in field of organisation
Application of “Modern Organisational Theory” assists in understanding importance of OB in firm performance. This theoretical aspect involved in evaluating diverse application of management development approaches towards firm requirements. Apart from this, this theory also considered potential interaction between individual as well as group people in organisation. Interpersonal interactions between individual members of organisations can be formed through implementation of effective OB practices. Application of this theory involves in understanding organisational approaches through system management and contingency management. As per views of Morando and Platania (2022), approaches of OB uses to support in field of individual philosophy related to organisational performance and activities. Implementation of effective OB helps managers of business organisations to maintain planning, staffing, organising and directing processes accordingly.
Figure 2: Modern Organisational Theory
(Source: As inspired by Odor, 2018)
OB helps to acknowledge as well as predict organisational life within an effective manner. Baptista et al. (2020) contradict that, application of this theory in context of OB does not represent actual framework in field of organisational approaches. Compared to other known factors influencing context of OB, there is insufficient evidence on importance of OB in improving operations and managerial activities in business. In this context, as per opinion by Odor (2018), effective OB develops in understanding critical aspects that can motivate employees and increase their firm performance. Motivation along with influencing factors helps in increasing positive attitudes among individuals towards organisations. Therefore, it can be asserted that individuals or group employees want to belong in successful organisations that provide great value in professional aspects and improve organisational culture effectively.
3. Definition of Operations Management (OP)
Management of business processes is managed by diverse business functionalities that are responsible for managing certain aspects of business. As per views of Dal Cin et al. (2022), operations management involves in managing organisational tasks associated with marketing, finance, information and operations. Certain goods and services in business processes can be managed by implementing effective operations management. Development of OP involves in planning, coordinating and controlling resources needed to be produce goods and promote services towards client’s requirements. On other hand, OM is also considered as a management function that involves in managing people, technology, equipment and information of other resources in delivery of services. Attributes of this application are used in allocating resources to processes that enabled to share as well as exchange information in business operations.
Figure 3: Determinants of Operations Management
(Source: As per views of Kim et al. 2020)
As an example, multiple pharmaceutical companies have used this OM in marketing functions for promoting new pharmaceutical products or services towards target customers. In this context, it can be encapsulated that OP is important in facilitating process of marketing towards requirements of targeted customers and business organisations. However, research and development team of pharmaceutical companies uses effective OM to improve designing and planning of manufacturing along with services simultaneously.
4. Advantages and disadvantages of “Just in Time Inventory” and “Total Quality Management (TQM)” system
| Name of application or system | Advantages | Disadvantages | Example |
| Justin Time Inventory (JIT) | ● It prevents overproduction time and minimises transportation cost.
● During on-going process of production, it makes it easier to halt production type and switch diverse production to meet demand of customers. ● Inventory holding costs are reduced. ● Mistakes in production process can be identified quickly. |
● Under this system, suppliers cannot deliver goods to a company within required time.
● Actual amount of products cannot be measured through a system that affects production process. ● Sudden occurrence of natural disasters can disrupt process of production. ● Flows of manufacturing disrupted. ● Fails to maintain interaction or coordination between resources and delivery of parts. |
● JIT system used in “Toyota Motor Corporation” for procuring materials immediately. It helps this company to stabilise production process and reduce materials inventory into Zero level (TOYOTA, 2022). Lower cost, highest quality of products and lowest lead time are maintained by this company by using JIT application. |
| Total Quality Management (TQM) | ● It provides effective as well as possible experiences to customers.
● It anticipated customer complaints along with desires. ● It improves quality and quantity of services or products. ● Increases productivity level and decreases waste of resources. ● Improve necessary internal operations to avoid product defects and delays in manufacturing process. |
● It required higher knowledge during implementation.
● It can also increase cost or expenses in production process. ● Absence of required resources in service procrastination during implementation can be dissatisfied customer satisfaction. ● It can be difficult and time consuming as well. |
● Considering effective product safety and quality approaches, leading UK-based retail organisation “Tesco” used TQM system. Development of TQM helped this company to launch over 1300 lines in 2020 and improve quality programs for managing quality of products along with services (TESCOPLC, 2022). |
Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of JIT and TQM along with example
(Source: Inspired by Kumala and Rosyidi, 2020)
5. Explanation of management concept have evolved over time
Management is mainly contemplated as significant creature of economic life throughout ages in business organisations. Management concept has evolved over time by increasing productivity along with efficiency through attributes of hierarchy, centralisation and standardisation process. Facet of “top down” management along with strict control crates dominating approaches across business industries. As per views of Kim et al. (2021), management, functions, strategic planning and competitive advantages are improvised through this management concept over time. On basis of functional aspects, managers in business organisations began to understand human factors in production along with productivity approaches. Therefore, it can be asserted that with blooming management concepts, a business environment can grow increasingly competitive and connected with other functionalities as well.
6. Theoretical underpinning related to recent development made in study of management
Application of “System Management Theory (SMT)”, helps in understanding recent developments made in study of management in context of business organisation. This theory involves planning and management of organisation. As per views of Petronio and Child (2019), utilisation of this theory helps managers to maintain independence between diverse verticals in an organisation and assign tasks to achieve collective goals. Application of technological aspects and appropriate management techniques are derived from these theoretical aspects in business organisations.
Evaluation of “Human Relation Theory (HRT)” helps in reflecting needs and resultant attitudes of individuals in organisations. It focuses on improving interpersonal approach for managing human behaviours in a firm process. According to Nicotera (2019), application of this theory in organisational behaviour improves internal culture along with environment of organisation. Apart from this, human behaviour within teams can be fulfilled by individuals towards organisational objectives.
7. Application of recent development in study of management use in human relation (HR) approaches and contrast in classical era
Application of human resource approaches effectively applied by “Tesco Plc” for increasing number of employees throughout UK from 2012 to 2022. According to a Statistical survey (2020), number of individuals employed by Tesco increased by 326 thousand in 2022 (STATISTA, 2022). Development of HR approaches is considered as evolved management by this concerned retail organisation that helps in sharing revenue of organisation within a worldwide basis. Process of recruiting, Career management, IT infrastructure and functional system support increases by this HR approach in concerned organisational processes. However, HR team of Tesco effectively formed as well as directs their employees towards organisational requirements along with desired goals. Development of this concerned evolved management in business performance of Tesco helps to analyse current trends of market on continuous basis for addressing demands of customers towards satisfying factors.
Conclusion
As per above discussion, it can be concluded that application of OB and OM is important to improve firm performance and take international strategic business management. However, JIT and TQM are mainly necessary in improving manufacturing process, production and delivery practices. In this context, it improves quality of goods and services in business within an effective manner. In terms of understanding recent development of management concepts, application of “SMT ” and “HRT” would be beneficial to improve firm performance towards organisational requirements.
References
Balwant, P.T., (2018). The meaning of student engagement and disengagement in the classroom context: Lessons from organisational behaviour. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(3), pp.389-401.
Baptista, J., Stein, M.K., Klein, S., Watson-Manheim, M.B. and Lee, J., (2020). Digital work and organisational transformation: Emergent Digital/Human work configurations in modern organisations. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 29(2), p.101618.
Dal Cin, E., Carraro, G., Volpato, G., Lazzaretto, A. and Danieli, P., (2022). A multi-criteria approach to optimize the design-operation of Energy Communities considering economic-environmental objectives and demand side management. Energy Conversion and Management, 263, p.115677.
Kim, B.J., Jeong, S. and Chung, J.B., (2021). Research trends in vulnerability studies from 2000 to 2019: Findings from a bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 56, p.102141.
Kim, S., Oh, D. and Park, J., (2020). Standardisation on performance objectives of satellite systems using adaptive coding and modulation. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 38(2), pp.200-208.
Kumala, N.I. and Rosyidi, S., (2020). Effects of JIT, TQM competences and product design on financial performance of the firm: Does supply chain moderates?. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(4), pp.412-418.
Morando, M. and Platania, S., (2022). Building a Social Sustainable Society: Influence of Interventions and Training Programs on Organisational Climate. Merits, 2(1), pp.21-25.
NIBUSINESSINFO (2022), Advantages and disadvantages of just-in-time production Available at: https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/advantages-and-disadvantages-just-time-production/ [Accessed on 11th June, 2022]
Nicotera, A.M., (2019). Human relations theory. In Origins and Traditions of Organisational Communication (pp. 106-127). Routledge.
Odor, H.O., 2018. Organisational culture and dynamics. Global Journal of Management and Business Research.
Petronio, S. and Child, J.T., 2020. Conceptualization and operationalization: Utility of communication privacy management theory. Current opinion in psychology, 31, pp.76-82.
STATISTA (2022), Tesco group: number of employees in the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2022 Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1040411/expected-hr-staffing-changes-worldwide/ [Accessed on 10th June, 2022]
TESCOPLC (2022), Product Safety & Quality Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/sustainability/documents/policies/product-safety-quality/[Accessed on 11th June, 2022]
TOYOTA (2022), How does just-in-time production work?, Available at: https://mag.toyota.co.uk/just-in-time/ [Accessed on 11th June, 2022]
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