Assignment Sample on Investment Portfolio
Introduction
Financial portfolio is an asset of finance that provides assistance towards an investor which is being banded with bonds. The bond issuer purloins capital from the holder with a fixed rate of interest for a certain amount of time. In addition to this it assist the investor in accessing different levels of market risks and process of obtained returns. Most importantly using this process provides benefits towards the investor by increasing liquidity of domestic capital within the market. This study focuses on developing an investment portfolio of 15 global equities from 3 global stock exchanges along with investment risks and return objectives with strategies of investments.
Development of Investment Portfolio including 16 Global Equities from 3 Global Stock Exchanges
STRAIT TIMES
Hongkong Land Holdings
The share price rates for Hongkong Land Holdings were observed to be 6.86 USD in January of 2017 which met with an unprecedented fall in 2018. It became 5.96 USD by the end of 2018 and experienced a stable hike of 1.55 by the time of 2019. The average improvement went down by the time of 2020 and the pandemic has a derogatory effect on its influence. However it manages to maintain a share price of 3.52 USD in 2021 and there are signs of improvement in terms of market.
City Developments
In 2017 the share value of City Developments was observed to be 8.89 and it experienced a fair hike by 2018 when it was 13.33 SDG. The share values have been unstable ever since as it was as low as 8.08 SDG in 2019, again it went up to 11.17 SDG and was finally settled down at 6.34SD by the end of 2020. It has tried to take up measures to stable its performance after the recent pandemic.
Jardine Cycle & Carriage
In 2017 Jordan’s Cycle and Carriage was able to maintain a hefty shared value of 40.94 SDG but it soon plummeted to 40.00 SDG by 2018. The following years have been observed to have a considerable amount of fall in their market value. In 2019 it was around 37.51 SDG and by the end of 2020 it was reduced to 18.21
DBS Group
In the 3017 the shared value of DBS group was around 19.17 SDG and it experienced a hike in the following year when it was observed to be 30.00 SDG. Moreover their value reduced to 18.16 SDG by 2020 and the company has tried to incorporate a suitable strategy to maintain their market value ever since.
Capitaland
Capitaland had a shared value of 3.86 SDG in 2017 which experienced a small depression in 2018 when it was observed to be 3.48. In 2020 they were able to improve their value to 3.93 SDG but failed to show any sustainable improvement after the global pandemic.
FTSE
BG Group
In 2017 the share value of BG group was 82.17 USD and it experienced a great fall in 2018 when it was observed to be 53.35 USD. It went down further in 2020 when the market value was estimated to be 31.78 USD. However major steps have been taken in terms of online operations to render effectiveness to their process.
BP
BP had a share value of 514.50 GBX in 2017 and by the end of the year 2018 it increased to 589.30 GBX. However their market value has gone down ever since and lowest was recorded at 251.70 GBX in 2020. Certain steps have been taken from the side of BP to promote their share value in international market.
Balfour Beatty
In 2017 the share value of Balfour Beatty was 268.70 GBX and got increased to 307.60 GBP by the end of 2018. Their share values have gone down ever since and were measured around 201.20 GBX in 2020. The sheer struggle of unemployment has made it difficult for Balfour Beatty to maintain their competitive advantage.
Associated British Foods
2017 was not helpful for Associated British Foods as they somehow managed to maintain a progress with a share value of 2,429.00 GBX. It has been exposed to an unstable pricing ever since and the lowest has been recorded in 2020 due to the pandemic. The share value around that time was 1,624.00 GBZ and tried to maintain a steady progress in terms of value.
British American Tobacco
In 2017 British American Tobacco had a share value of 5,591.00 GBX and it faced a heavy downfall in 2028 when it was observed to be 4,203.00 GBX. There has been a systematic downfall in terms of share price for BAT as it was observed to be as low as 2,588.00 GBX in 2020.
NASDAQ
Amazon.com, Inc.
Amazon started off with a low share value of 808.33 USD and it received a great hike in its prices. A share of Amazon in 2018 cost around 2,003 USD but it soon had a fall in its prices. The prices were recorded to be 1,696 USD by 2019 but this period of recession helped them to gear up for the upcoming years. Their market values increased and were estimated at an average of 3,401.80 USD by 2020. It managed to maintain its prowess even in times of Pandemic when other enterprises were facing extreme distress.
Apple Inc.
Apple had a market value of 29.76 USD in 2017 and it escalated to 56.07 in 2018. The company has been able to maintain a level of improvement constantly over the years and the most remarkable fact was that the average market value was estimated to be 131..97 USD during the times of pandemic.
Adobe Systems Incorporated
In 2017 the market value for a share was 108.53 USD and it improved to be 274.69 USD in 2018. The company has been through a journey of ups and downs where market values have gone down or gone up as high as 516.44 USD.
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc.
Beth bath and Beyond had a shared market value of 40.61 USD in 2017 and it reduced to 21.07 USD in 2018. Ever since then the share value has gone down and the lowest value of 3.94 USD has been recorded in 2020. However subtle signs of improvement have been observed after 2021 that could help to raise their market value.
Activision Blizzard, Inc
In 2017 the share value for Activision Blizzard was 37.91 USD and it increased to 83.19 USD in 2018. The market values have gone through a number of changes however the company was able to maintain a progressive price of 90.96 USD in 2020.
Identification of investment risk and return objectives and investment strategy
Investment risk
Equity risk is a kind of risk that is applied to share investments where a loss is encountered due to a drop in the price of shares. Interest rate risks are applicable to debt investment like bonds where there is a recurring risk of losing money due to changing rates of interest. Currency risk occurs in the case of foreign investments as there is a constant risk of losing an extensive amount of money due to changes in price of currency (Fisher et al. 2020). Credit risk is the kind of risk that is concerned with the credibility of the entity that issues a bond.
Return objectives
Income is the primary objective of an investment in the form of dividend or interest. Capital appreciation is another important objective where an investment is made with different motives to ultimately reach a goal of gaining profit (Samakhavets and Hrechyshkina, 2020). Another important consideration is the safety and security of funds that get invested. In due time these investments should be capable of redemption is one of other important return objectives of such investments.
Investment strategy
A suitable way of investing would be Value investing which involves a lot of research of the contemporary market. Only through a detailed analysis of the market, a cheap stock could be identified and thereafter invest on them. It would take a certain period of time for the company to gain a desired market value (Cude et al. 2021). Selling the purchased share to invest on another similar stock is a type of investment strategy adopted by companies. Repeating this process a number of times would help to gain a fair amount of capital to invest on other similar stocks that have potential of growing. It thus becomes important for an investor to understand the integral principles of value based investing.
Identification of methods for constructing Investment Portfolio and choosing shares
STRAIT TIMES
Hongkong Land Holdings
In 2017 share price rate of Hongkong Land Holdings was about 6.86 USD in January and was showing its progress. But in 2018 this rate of their share price reduced in a devastating way and turned down to 5.96 USD in October that affected this organization in a negative way. It has been witnessed that in 2019, this organization was able to improve their market shares up to 7.51 USD providing them with proper benefits (bloomberg.com, 2021). Whereas in 2020 this graph of improvement again declined down to 3.52 USD and in 2021 their market shares are improving themselves in a stable way. It might be stated that COVID outbreak and unstable political conditions were the main reason behind the instability of this organization.
City Developments
In January 2017 shared price rate of City Developments Ltd. was about 8.89 SDG and was progressing in a stable way. By the year 2018 this shared rate showed improvement and increased up to 13.33 SDG. But by the beginning of 2019 this rate of share reduced down to 8.08 SDG affecting this organization in a negative way (ir.cdl.com.sg, 2021). Though in January 2020 the value showed progress by improving up to 11.17 SDG but till the end of this year its value reduced and this organization has to face a massive downfall with a shared value of 6.34 SDG. But in 2021 this organization is stabilizing themselves in a proper way improving their progress. Because of COVID pandemic and lack of support from the government properly this organization is facing problems.
Jardine Cycle & Carriage
Beginning of 2017 was a very beneficial year for Jardine Cycle & Carriage as it was able to progress their improvement with a shared value of 40.94 SDG. But within 2018 this value reduced down to 40.00 SDG which was more or less stable for this organization. On the other hand in 2019 their shared value in the market will reduce down to 37.51 SDG and start affecting their growth rate. Most importantly in 2020 this organization faced a devastating downfall affecting their share rate down to 18.28 SDG (jcclgroup.com, 2021). But in 2021 due to their improvement in their management system, they are improving stability within their market. Focusing on their problems it has been witnessed that COVID outbreak along with instability of their government caused them with this problem and affecting their growth rate.
Dbs Group Holdings
Dbs Group Holdings is a stabilized organization from the beginning of 2017 showing progress with a share value of 19.17 SDG. In 2018 they have shown more improvement in their market with a value of 30.00 SDG providing them with benefits. Moreover though in 2019 their share value reduced down to 27.73 SDG but has not affected them in their growth rate. Simultaneously in 2020 their value in the share market will be reduced down to 18.16 SDG and in 2021 they are focusing on their progress and improving themselves properly (dbs.com, 2019). As a result of COVID 19 outbreak, the company has been increasing its shares by using online platforms thereby managing customer’s wealth
Capitaland
The year of 2017 was very promising for Capitaland as this organization was able to maintain a share rate of 3.86 SDG within their market. Obtaining proper benefits this organization in 2018 was able to obtain the increased value of 3.48 SDG in January. But in July of the same year their shared value reduced down to 2.99 SDG without affecting their organizational progress. In 2020 because of their stability, this organization was able to improve their share value up to 3.93 SDG by obtaining benefits (capitaland.com, 2021). On the other hand because of the COVID outbreak, the share value of this organization reduced down to 2.62 in the same year of 2020. But because of their organizational stability, Capitaland is able to maintain their progress within 2021. It has been witnessed that because of their estate investment trusts and business trust management, this organization is able to maintain their stability globally.
FTSE
BG Group
BG Group is an organization whose efficiency was able to improve their share in their market which was about 82.17 USD in 2017. Later in 2018 by December their share value reduced down to 53.35 USD affecting their rate of growth. Most importantly though in 2019 this organization focused on improving themselves by increasing their share value up to 57.55 but in 2020 it reduced. In the year 2020 their share value reduced down to 31.78 USD and affected them in a negative way (bloomberg.com, 2021). Reason behind this fluctuation might be stated as COVID pandemic but due to their online operation management system; this organization is able to maintain their stability properly and effectively.
BP
Being an international organization BP in 2017 was able to improve their growth rate with a share value of 514.50 GBX. By the year of 2018 share value of this organization improved sky-high with a rate of 589.30 GBX providing them with greater competitiveness within their market. In 2019 this organization started reducing their share value down to 462.45 GBX creating problems towards their progress. Most importantly they faced a massive downfall of 251.70 GBX (bp.com, 2021). It has been estimated that due to the COVID pandemic and travel bans across the globe, this organization is facing problems. But in 2021 this organization is showing efficiency by improving their progress properly.
Balfour Beatty
Balfour Beatty is an organization that focuses on their process of progress that resembles their shared value. In 2017 this organization was able to improve their share value which was about 268.70 GBX providing them with benefits. In 2018, they faced an improvement rate of 307.60 GBX by obtaining greater benefits. Additionally in 2019 they were able to improve their share value up to 281.70 GBX obtaining proper assistance in maintaining their progress (balfourbeatty.com, 2021). But in 2020 their share rate deteriorated in a negative way creating a value of 201.20 GBX. Focusing on these share values it has been seen that due to the COVID pandemic as well as the increased rate of unemployment this organization faces problems in maintaining their progress within their market.
Associated British Foods
In the beginning of 2017, Associated British Foods faced a problem with maintaining their progress and faced a downfall of 2,429.00 GBX. Additionally in 2018 though they were able to improve their progress by improving their share up to 2,825 GBX but were unable to hold their position. In 2019 their share price in the market fell down to 2,159.00 GBX affecting their progress in a negative way. Additionally in 2020 they face a devastating downfall affecting their organizational operations (abf.co.uk, 2021). In the year they faced a decrease of 1,624.00 GBX by disrupting their competitive nature within their market. It might be stated that due to the massive COVID outbreak and operational insufficiency, this organization is unable to maintain their progress properly. It has been witnessed that in 2021 this organization is showing improvement within their market.
British American Tobacco
British American Tobacco is an organization that in 2017 has got a stable position within their market with a value of 5,591.000 GBX. But in 2018 they faced a deficit in maintaining their share price affecting their growth. With a value of 4,203.00 the downfall of this organization started increasing. In 2019 this organization faced a deficit of 3,392.00 GBX which created problems for them in maintaining their progress. Additionally in 2020, the number reduced to 2,588.00 GBX creating massive problems towards this organization (bat.com, 2021). It has been witnessed that due to the massive COVID outbreak this organization was unable to manage their progress within their market. In addition to this because of tobacco awareness this organization is reducing their customers affecting them in maintaining their growth in a negative way.
NASDAQ
Amazon.com, Inc.
Amazon.com, Inc. is an organization that has focused on improving their organizational progress. In 2017 the value of their organizational share was about 808.33 USD but in the year 2018 it improved dramatically. With an increased value of 2,003.00 USD this organization started uplifting their progress with effectiveness. Though in 2019 their share value did reduce down to 1,696.00 USD, it did not affect their progress in a negative way. Whereas in 2020 where many organizations faced a massive downfall in maintaining their organizational share value, Amazon.com, Inc. was able to improve their share value up to 3,401.80 USD and in 2021 they are improving their growth rate properly (ir.aboutamazon.com, 2021). It might be stated that from the very beginning due to their organizational operational efficiency and proper management process, they were able to keep their progress up. Thus during the COVID pandemic, this organization was not affected in a negative way.
Apple Inc.
In the beginning of 2017 share price of Apple Inc. was about 29.76 USD, since then this organization is developing itself properly. In 2018 their share price escalated up to 56.07 USD providing them with benefits in maintaining their progress. Additionally 2019 though this organization faced a downfall but recovered their share price up to 72.45 USD (investor.apple.com, 2021). As a result this organization is able to increase their effectiveness within their market properly. Most important aspect of this scenario is that when there was a global pandemic due to COVID outbreak this organization improved their share price up to 131.97 USD within their market. Due to their effective management process as well as the online sales process this organization is able to maintain their progress with proper means of effectiveness.
Adobe Systems Incorporated
Adobe Systems Incorporated is an organization that in order to improve the organization from the year 2017 focused on their share price. In that year the value of this organization’s share price was about 108.53 USD providing them with proper means of assistance. Within the next year of 2018 they were able to improve and increase their value up to 274.69 USD in an effective way. With this assistance this organization was able to maintain their progress properly. But in 2019 though they faced a downfall but by the end of that year this organization was able to improve their share price up to 330.79 USD effectively (adobe.com, 2021). In 2020 though they faced problems in maintaining their progress, but still they were able to increase their share price up to 516.44 USD effectively. Moreover it might be stated that because of the COVID outbreak though they faced problems but due to their effective management process, this organization is able to keep their improvement rate up with effectiveness.
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc.
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. is an organization that has declined their progress in a dramatic way. In 2017 share price of this organization was about 40.61 USD but soon it declined in a dramatic way. In 2018 the value declined down to 21.07 USD and created problems towards the progress of this organization in a negative way. In 2019 the downfall of this organization increased more by deducting their share value down to 7.48 USD. In 2020 this rate increased in a devastating way affecting the organization. Their share value fell down to 3.94 USD (bedbathandbeyond.gcs-web.com, 2021). It might be stated that due to the lack of proper management system within as well as the massive COVID outbreak this organization faced the downfall. But in the year 2021 this organization is showing improvement and is progressing in an effective way.
Activision Blizzard, Inc
Activision Blizzard, Inc due to their innovativeness is able to improve their organizational share price effectively. From 2017 this organization is progressing with a share value of 37.91 USD. In 2018 value of their share price improved in an impressive way providing them with a value of 83.19 USD. Followed by the next year which is 2019 this organization faced a problem in maintaining their share value within their market with a downfall rate of 41.50 USD (investor.activision.com, 2021). But in the same year they showed development and within 2020 this organization is able to improve and increase their shared value rate up to 90.96 USD. It might be stated that due to their innovativeness of gaming solutions and effective management they are able to hold their position within their market properly.
Identification of ways in which risks of investment portfolio were managed (For each of the Global Stock Market)
STRAIT TIMES
Major companies of Strait time’s market have a downfall rate of their share because of higher inflation rate of the global economy. Though there are existing lesser number of companies in this market have upward graph in fluctuating share prices of this market. The rising global pandemic threatens this market for declining their rate and in addition this, risk is arguing for problematic fiscal policy of US and Europe economy market (straitstimes.com, 2021). The economies of Japan, France, Italy and UK have shrunk their market for increasing risk of inflation and recession. In 2020, Bank of America has cut their global growth of forecast from 2.8% to 2.2% for occurring global recession (straitstimes.com, 2021)
This above figure represents that, Strait market is trying to continuously recover their market and in 2016 and 2017it had an upward rate of increasing selling prices (straitstimes.com, 2017).
In 2020, stock market crashed in Strait times and this market has failed to increase their share price in global recession. It can be stated that an outbreak of pandemic is one of the main reasons of global market crash in this situation, investing in this market increases the risk of market crash and inflation risk.
FTSE
Major companies in FTSE market have a growth compared to other stock exchange markets of globe. Though outbreak of corona has declined their growth but overall performance of this market is stable. Fluctuation rate of share price is also stable in this market and this market has returned17.1% on total investment in 2019 and it provides healthy pay out return s in UK stock market (hl.co.uk, 2021)
Analysing performance of FTSE market, it can be stated that FTSE market has an upward rate of share price in future and in 2020 market crash and market violation did not affect the price of share price of this market so much. Pandemic, recession and Brexit is the main reason for market violation in 2020 and the FTSE 100 index has fallen 14.3% over the year. It is reported that, in 2020 FTSE will perform worst (bloomberg.com, 2021). Despite having poor performance, it can be stated that investment should be made in this market which will be beneficial for the investors.
NASDAQ
The market of NASDAQ has risen in the past five years compared to other global stock exchange markets. In 2017, there was a share price in the market that was under $5000 and in 2021; it came to a $13000 market price of shares. In the global crisis, Goldman Sachs predicted that Share price would increase $500 to 340 and meanwhile UN trade agency warned investors that there was a chance of market crash in the time of recession and it will decline the rate of share market price. Investing in global recession increase the risk of inflation as well as market risk
Despite having a market crash in 2020, NASDAQ markets have rebounded their market by encouraging investors. In 2019, the index of NASDAQ rose up to 35.2% and at the time of pandemic, their market price per share was $ 6, 860 and in June 2020, their market price if share rose up to 10000 which was first happened in their history (nasdaq.com, 2021). In addition to this, in 2021 they successfully raised their market price up to 13000 which is also an indication of growth of this market. I vesting this market will be beneficial for an investor as the overall performance of this market is on growing.
Impact of volatility on exchange rate and market risk on investment portfolio
Amazon.com, Inc.
Amazon.com, Inc. is concentrated on their organisational growth, which helps them to increase their share price in the global stock exchange market. Addressing and analysing the risk of investing in the global market, it can be stated that making an investment of amazon.com will be beneficial for the investors as this company has increased their share prices respectively. In 2019, there was a fall in the market price of Amazon but they have rebounded their market very well and even an outbreak of pandemic did not affect this company negatively. In order to achieve superior performance of investment, it is essential to get sufficient return from investment and Amazon provides a satisfied investment rate of return in this respect. Despite being a leading and successful company in the global market, it has its unique use risk of making investment in Amazon.
Competition
Amazon has faced risk for increasing competition in the global market which can threaten their market sustainability and it causes market price of shares may fall in future. The general merchandise retail company is highly competitive and it is then tare Amazon to reduce their share price. Competitors like WalMart Stores, Costco wholesale continually manipulate and violate the market of Amazon.
Profit uncertainty
Profit margin of this company is very low and it creates uncertainty of returns in the global stock exchange market. In addition to this, investors may face financial losses if the share price of Amazon falls for not gaining profit in future. In 2019, it was reported by Amazon Company that their highest net margin of profit was 3.7% which was similar to 2009’s net profit margin (amazon.com, 2019). In order to get a satisfactory portfolio return, it is essential to predict future profit margin of Amazon which can increase opportunities got get highest return
Highly Speculative Valuation
High rate of valuation at the time of investing in shares increases market risk of investment by predicting highest return of investment after calculating price earnings per share. For instance, if a person is interested in purchasing Amazon shares, analyst can represent that he would get highest return for investing in this company which may fall in future.
Despite having certain market risk investing in Amazon, it can be predicted that future opportunities of Amazon Company increase the return on investment as it is a growing company.
Conclusion
This study focuses on the development investment portfolio of organizations from 3 global stock exchanges. Targeting over 15 global equities it describes the development processes of them. Additionally it also focuses on the risks that are affecting these organizations in maintaining their progress within their market. Thus it focuses on sudden strategies that are going to provide these organizations with proper means of assistance in maintaining their progress within their market. Moreover it also focuses on the 15 organizations and states the reason for their improvement and downfall within their market. While focusing on this aspect it has been witnessed that organizations operating online have not faced troubles in maintaining their progress but the ones operating offline faced problems. Witnesses that the main reason for the downfall of these organizations are estimated to be an outbreak of COVID. Moreover it has also witnessed that due to economic and political instability these organizations faced problems in maintaining their progress since their past five years. Additionally it also focuses on the identification of risks associated with these organizations in a global aspect. Along with this it also focuses on the impact of volatility on exchange rate and the risk of investment portfolio. It can be concluded that organizations similar to these and are facing similar problems might be able to obtain proper assistance using this study. Most importantly using this study a person willing to invest might be able to make an effective decision.
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