Assignment Sample on History of Tourism Industry

1. Introduction

1.1 Background of the Research

A brief discussion outlining the important research papers has been presented in this section based on this topic. Theories on tourism as well as the context of international tourism have put major emphasis on this area. The tourism industry was a major source of revenue generation in the earlier as well people always travelled to different places due to purposes. On the other hand, increased globalization has raised the scope of travelling all over the world. As per the view of Hieu & Rašovská (2017), greater connectivity among the people enabled the people to reach different places and enhanced the importance of tourism to further levels. The increasing importance of the tourism industry has pushed researchers to further look deep into the tourism industry.

1.2 Rationale and Objectives

The proposed study will look into the history of the tourism industry to provide a remarkable insight into the tourism sector. The research proposal will go through the overall tourism industry and go through it since the early starting of tourism. The research proposal will find out the reasons that have instigated the people in earlier periods for reaching out in different locations. The study will also chalk out the motives of the people that encourage them to travel to different places. Furthermore, contrasts in motives of people in recent times as well in ancient time periods will also be discussed in this proposal. According to the study of Akhtar et al. (), the tourism industry has been the source of major revenue over the years for several nations that put this as one of the most focused industries. Further putting emphasis on this area will help the people in avoiding major issues that may come in the future.

Research Objectives

  1. To assess the impact of the tourism and transportation industry in the economy of different nations as well as the global economy.
  2. To estimate the dependence of people on the tourism sector.
  3. To identify the future challenges within the tourism sector that needs to be tackled.
  4. To evaluate the implications of different trends within the tourism industry and the future aspects.

1.3 Research Questions

RQ1. What are the impacts of the tourism and transportation industry in the economy of different nations as well as the global economy?

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RQ2. How much are people dependent on the tourism sector?

RQ3. What are the implications of different trends within the tourism industry and the future aspects?

RQ4. What will be the future challenges within the tourism sector that need to be tackled?

2. Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

This will provide essential information about the literature and previous studies on the history of the tourism industry. Historical aspects of the tourism sector will be discussed in this chapter and previous trends within the industry will be analyzed. Overall challenges, increasing the revenue of the tourism industry and a review of previous research will be explained here.

2.2. Historical perspective of Tourism Industry

Tourism is a much old concept that started in the early 18th century and continued to be bigger with time. It was considered to be a pre-developmental phase of the modern tourism sector and the concept started with people travelling to different locations. People can travel domestically as well internationally for different purposes such as vacation, leisure, social, or business. According to the study of Zhang et al. (2020), the history of tourism begins long before the coinage of the word tourist at the end of the 18th century, and that continues to become much bigger and larger. Organized travel combined with supporting sightseeing, adequate infrastructure, and an emphasis on interesting travel destinations and experiences can be found accordingly in the western tradition. Greece and Rome laid claim to the origins of both beach resort and heritage tourism.

Pilgrimage is considered to be the earliest emergence of the tourism sector capturing both the Eastern civilizations as well Western traditions into the scenario. Religious goals of people coexisting with commercial hospitality, defined routes, as well a mixture of uncertainty, curiosity, adventure, and enjoyment were considered to be the motives of the travellers in the early times. As per the view of Brel & Zaytseva (2019), pilgrimage to the Buddhist sites was recorded to be started more than 2000 years ago despite a very small number of people indulging in these tourist activities. Travel to Mecca as well Jerusalem can be considered to be similar instances that fuelled the tourism activities in the earliest days in history. Apart from that, educational tourism evolved in the 18th century in the backdrop of historical development in the tourism sector.

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Tourism is considered a global phenomenon with an incoherent massive infrastructure and intensely penetrates society, politics, culture, and, majorly the economy. Previous research studies have identified that travel purposes were constantly changing throughout the course of history with connectivity and globalization. According to the study of Murdia & Yashwant (2017), higher integrated economic activities throughout the world have changed the intention of travelling as an increasing number of people are travelling for business purposes. On the other hand, it is impossible to ignore the historical requirements and development of holidaying styles and travelling habits if a person wants to understand the nature of tourism. Educational as well recreational travel was existed in the older era that further changed into vacations and holidaying in the later stages.

2.3 Overall Challenges of Tourism Industry

The tourist activities were seen to increase with the time despite heavy difficulties in travelling to different locations. Uncertainties in the pathway and travel difficulties were seen to be huge in the earlier time period. Earlier the challenges in the tourism industry were more infrastructural as travellers often faced bad hospitality convenience, lack of food and water. Travellers are often unable to use any mode of transport due to tricky conditions of the roads or in some cases no transport remaining available (MacKenzie, Pittaki & Wong, 2020). Lack of defined routes also caused troubles for the tourists as they were often distracted and diverted into different ways to appear in other places rather than reaching the destination. However, travel is much easier and comfortable in recent years with probable issues getting resolved. People related to tourism are more focused on providing a pleasant service to the customers as the motives and purposes of the business have changed drastically within the years.

2.4 Trends within the Tourism Sector

Tourism sector has witnessed massive changes over the years as the lifestyle of people changed within the time span of the years. The economic and financial activities involving people have a worldwide reach now causing them to interact more often as compared to earlier. As per the view of Šťastná et al. (2020), holiday travellers accumulate the biggest share of tourists in recent times although an increasing number of business travellers are putting more emphasis on this section. The privileged class of the population generated journeys for pleasure in the earlier days. Furthermore, holiday travel became an essential part of life due to the development of infrastructure. Revenue generation and source of income have attracted a larger number of people indulging in tourism services such as providing accommodation, managing transportation, and so on. It can be observed from reviewing literature that travelling flourished with the existence of a certain civilization or empire as travel remains less complicated and dangerous.

The mobility of medieval society was shaped by its forms and understandings of travel tailored to diverse groups that included merchants, journeymen, students, soldiers, pilgrims, as well as robbers. Travelling was rather uncertain in those periods as the existence of thugs in the path that even led to the killing of travellers. On the contrary, travelling to different destinations is much safer in recent times due to the prevalence of stable governments in different nations. According to the study of DUJMOVIĆ, VITASOVIĆ & PARLOV (2016), motivation for travel was captured in different aspects by the people due to changing mentality as well as their reactive environment and surroundings. Educational institutions became more prominent with the time since the twelfth century; students and scholars became more involved in travelling.

2.5 Summary

Based on the previous research studies it can be observed that people are willing to travel domestically as well internationally for different purposes such as vacation, leisure, social, or business. Tourism activities started a long way back more than 2000 years back, and gradually developed and flourished to obtain a certain state now. The pilgrimage was the earliest form of travelling that turned into holidaying and business purposes in recent years.

3. Methodology

3.1 Research Philosophy

Research philosophy is referred to as the proper set of beliefs that states how the information will be collected, utilized, and analysed. As per the view of Hsieh, Bi-Kun Tsai & Han-Shen (2017), different research philosophy points out the philosophical perspectives of individual research and helps in understanding the purpose of the study. In this research study, positivism research philosophy will be obtained to find out the factual knowledge obtained through observation. The role of the researchers would be limited to the collection of data and interpretation of the collected data within an objective manner.

3.2 Research Design

Designing the research methodology is considered as revealing the whole strategy used in the research to successfully implement proper strategies. The exploratory research design will be implemented in this research study to study the challenges and issues within the tourism industry through going over its history. According to the study of Beal et al. (2019), exploratory research designs are unable to offer conclusive solutions to existing problems rather than provide an improved research model. This research study will employ an exploratory research design to focus on unattained issues and challenges and help to overcome the rigid situations through historical perspectives.

Research Approach

The research approach is referred to as a proper plan and implementation that comprises different stages of broad assumptions as well detailed data collection, analysis methods. As per the view of Liao, Zeng & Geng (2021), a proper research approach enables the researchers in identifying proper steps following which the research objectives can be matched. An inductive research approach will be employed in this study due to the exploratory nature of research designing. The researchers will be able to generate proper meanings from the collected data set in order to point out distinct patterns and relationships to formulate a theory. However, the researchers are free to use any existing theories to explore the research questions.

Research Method

The research method states the ways in which the following research will be completed. Qualitative research will be conducted in this research paper as researchers will be capable of testing the hypothesis through systematically collecting as well as analyzing the information. According to the study of Li, Mi & Zhang (2020), qualitative methods of research methodology allow the researchers to explore distinct ideas and experiences in a deep manner. A qualitative research method is suitable within the framework of inductive reasoning as well exploratory research design which helps the researchers in proper completion of the research.

3.3 Data Collection Strategy

Observing the participants and interviewing persons related to the tourism industry adequate data will be collected for this research study. The open-ended questionnaire will be provided to the respondents to obtain detailed information about the history of the tourism industry. Archival research can help a research study by collecting required information from previous research studies (Resmiye, Nafa & Özlem Olgaç Türker, 2019). However, this research study will collect information from archival research studies on the tourism industry.

3.4 Sample Participants

The sample size for this research study will be 51 and an overall population of 101 will be considered for this study. Sample populations will be selected by following random sampling strategy without making the study free of biases (Ryglová, Rašovská & Šácha, 2017). Tourist companies, hotels, and accommodation providers will be interviewed to gather relevant data for this research study.

3.5 Data Analysis

Thematic analysis will be employed in this research study for analyzing the collected data. As per the view of Poort et al. (2021), thematic analysis is much helpful in analyzing qualitative information and building specific themes related to the tourism industry. Furthermore, story analysis methods will be implemented by the researchers to explore the research questions and analyze the collected data.

3.6 Access

The researchers will form a set of questionnaires for the participants involved in this study. Furthermore, they will be indulged in the data collection process to collect accurate and relevant information about the research thesis. Researchers will approach different employees working within tourism industry and interviewing as well individual service providers will be approached for accessing the data.

Reference

Akhtar, N., Khan, N., Khan, M. M., Ashraf, S., Muhammad, S. H., Khan, M. M., & Hishan, S. S. (2021). Post-COVID 19 Tourism: Will Digital Tourism Replace Mass Tourism? Sustainability, 13(10), 5352https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105352

Beal, L., Séraphin, H., Modica, G., Pilato, M., & Platania, M. (2019). Analysing the Mediating Effect of Heritage Between Locals and Visitors: An Exploratory Study Using Mission Patrimoine as a Case Study. Sustainability, 11(11)http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113015

Brel, O., & Zaytseva, A. (2019). Main Directions of Improving the Quality of Proffesional Tourism Education at the Current State of Russian Tourism Industry Development. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 10(6), 1338-1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v10.6(38).16

DUJMOVIĆ, M., VITASOVIĆ, A., & PARLOV, M. (2016). CULTURAL TOURISM – CROATIAN PERSPECTIVE. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 11(3), 407-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V11-N3-407-415

Hieu, V. M., & Rašovská, I. (2017). DEVELOPING CULTURAL TOURISM UPON STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN PHU QUOC ISLAND, VIETNAM. Research and Science Today, (2), 71-86. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/developing-cultural-tourism-upon-stakeholders/docview/1977734794/se-2?accountid=30552

Hsieh, C., Bi-Kun Tsai, & Han-Shen, C. (2017). Residents’ Attitude toward Aboriginal Cultural Tourism Development: An Integration of Two Theories. Sustainability, 9(6), 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9060903

Li, B., Mi, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Willingness of the New Generation of Farmers to Participate in Rural Tourism: The Role of Perceived Impacts and Sense of Place. Sustainability, 12(3), 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030766

Liao, L., Zeng, L., & Geng, B. (2021). Study on the coupling mechanism of social interaction and rural tourism practitioners sustainable participation. IOP Conference Series.Earth and Environmental Science, 657(1)http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/657/1/012055

MacKenzie, N. G., Pittaki, Z., & Wong, N. (2020). Historical approaches for hospitality and tourism research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(4), 1469-1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2019-0273

Murdia, M., & Yashwant, S. R. (2017). Tourism & Economy: Development Challenges in Rajasthan. KIMI Hospitality Research Journal, 2(1), 5-9. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/tourism-amp-economy-development-challenges/docview/2356719336/se-2?accountid=30552

Poort, M. E., Persson-Fischier, U., Martinsson-Wallin, H., Evelina, E. D., & Schaub, M. (2021). “Authenticity” as a Pathway to Sustainable Cultural Tourism? The Cases of Gotland and Rapa Nui. Sustainability, 13(11), 6302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116302

Resmiye, A. A., Nafa, H., & Özlem Olgaç Türker. (2019). Envisaging sustainable rural development through ‘context-dependent tourism’: case of northern Cyprus. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 21(4), 1715-1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0100-8

Ryglová, K., Rašovská, I., & Šácha, J. (2017). Rural Tourism – Evaluating the Quality of Destination. European Countryside, 9(4), 769-788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0043

Šťastná, M., Vaishar, A., Ryglová, K., Rašovská, I., & Zámečník, S. (2020). Cultural Tourism as a Possible Driver of Rural Development in Czechia. Wine Tourism in Moravia as a Case Study. European Countryside, 12(3), 292-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0017

Zhang, K., Zhang, M., Law, R., Chen, X., & Wang, Q. (2020). Impact model of tourism production and consumption in nanjing yunjin: The perspective of cultural heritage reproduction. Sustainability, 12(8), 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083430

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