Assignment Sample Implementing Innovation in Healthcare Centres
1. Introduction
The major aim of this assignment is to evaluate the implementation of e-prescription by developing tools and technologies in the healthcare system. Innovation is considered very effective for all industries including this healthcare industry as it helps to improve as well as develop functions effectively. It is said that innovation is closely connected with the creation, development, and implementation of new products in order to enhance the efficiency and competitive advantages of industries. According to this study, the implementation of e-prescription through innovation will help to improve the productivity of this healthcare and make it cost beneficial. In recent days, many health practitioners have faced challenges regarding misreading manual prescriptions, which will be solved by implementing e-prescription.
2. Concept of Innovation
2.1 Definition of Innovation
Innovation of E-prescription is a unique implementation, development, and creation of any healthcare center that introduces new services or offers improved services to patients. As per the view of Mayakul & Ayuthaya (2018), practical implementation of e-prescription innovation can enhance the affordability of medication and convenience ability to dispense service. Besides that, innovation and technological advancement in healthcare services lead an important role in stabilizing the connection between healthcare professionals and patients. Especially while facing the COVID-19 pandemic situation, innovation in e-prescription is crucial for both patients and healthcare professionals such as nurses, doctors, and instructors.
Innovation in e-prescription can be a part of standard healthcare treatments and this innovation can prevent the chances of prescribing wrong medicine and the treatment process. As opined by Botti & Monda (2020), patients need a prescription and medical attention but both healthcare professionals and patients. This innovation of e-prescriptions can refer to the software application in which doctors can prescribe and transmit the prescribed medication to patients instead of physical paperwork.
2.2 Innovation Technique in the Healthcare system
The e-prescription will include medicines, schedules for taking medicines, patients’ details, and issues of patients. Healthcare centres need to innovate technological factors as this electronic prescription procedure needs software applications. Healthcare management needs to implement a token system in each department for conducting the doctor’s appointment so that they can provide the e-prescription according to the token number. The prescribing software approved the e-prescription to patients but in the first stage, the computer will check the interaction of doctors and patients to access the historical data of patients. As opined by Bianchi et al. (2017), after verifying the medicine dose this technology will work on new medicines or existing medicine then check the formulation of prescription.
The software will save the prescription in cloud-based storage which will be provided to patients based on their identification and token number. Healthcare departments can use this token to access the detail or information of patients’ identification, issues, and medication. As per the view of Taylor et al. (2020), after storing the prescription details in a database hard disk of cloud storage this dispensing software will access the prescription in a prescription delivery service (PDS). Healthcare centers can have authorized access such as patients’ physicians, healthcare authorities for accessing and providing these prescriptions. In the last stage of this process, the e-prescription will be renewed and refilled by the healthcare authority to their patients.
2.3 Importance of Innovation in Healthcare
Innovation in healthcare departments is necessary to improve the medication and treatments of patients through implementing electronic prescriptions.
Ensuring Safety of patients:Implementation of e-prescription service of healthcare to patients can be helpful to secure patients’ safety by replacing faxing, writing out and calls. E-prescription implements better understanding to patients regarding their medicine and schedule of taking medicines, the dose of prescribed medicine that ensures patients health and safety.
Enhancement in medication adherence of patients:E-prescriptions help to integrate the medication adherence by tracking the filled prescription and its details. As per the view of Moreira, Gherman & Sousa (2017), patients can lose the prescribed papers of medicine but e-prescriptions will be saved in the database hard disk of cloud base software of the healthcare. The medication management can collect the prescription automatically and start the medication of patients.
Supportive nature to clinical providers:E-prescription supports the healthcare provider to access medicines and treatments according to prescription by accessing the overall visibility of patients’ details (Jacobs et al. 2017).
2.4 Benefits of Innovation for both Patient and Healthcare system
E-prescription can reduce the errors of understanding wrong medicine due to issues of doctors’ handwriting. As per the view of Mayakul & Ayuthaya (2018), the majority of patients and medicine stores do not understand the handwriting in the prescription that is the cause of incorrect medicine applications. Moreover, the healthcare system can identify the wrong dosage of medicine and misinterpretation, and duplicate theory to patients through digital notifications. The dispensing software controls substances of the pharmacy department to enhance their working flow. In addition, it reduces the tension of losing or misplacing prescriptions for both healthcare departments and patients. As opined by Moreira, Gherman & Sousa (2017), this innovation may reduce the errors of transcriptions and implement huge notification facilitation of detecting falsification.
3. Implementation planning
3.1 Formation of implementation planning through applying leadership and management concept
According to this study, implementation of e-prescription requires following proper steps and planning to execute successfully. In the word of Sligo et al. (2017), implementation planning is a complete framework of authentic strategy, process as well as actions, which helps to achieve goals and objectives successfully without facing any problems. Implementation planning includes budget planning, timeline as well as personnel.
Implementation planning includes six steps such as working planning, resources and budgeting, stakeholder’s management, risk assessment, and quality control. Tool development is necessary to implement this e-prescription and leadership will help to implement this in a positive manner.
The steps of implementation planning are as follows:
Working planning
A proper working plan with a timeline is necessary to accomplish this innovation procedure. This step aims to communicate as well as establish an improvement procedure along with understanding the advantages of implementation. According to this study, this process will help to understand the advantages and benefits of e-prescription significantly (Leite, Bateman & Radnor, 2020). Therefore, this step will enable leadership to identify the necessary resources, changes, procedures, equipment, and others.
Resources and budgeting
Reducing and budgeting is recognized as a crucial step in implementation planning. In this step planning significant timelines, needed software, needed resources, staff, and others are mandatory. In the case of this healthcare system, it is needed to understate which software is required to implement the e-prescription system and it helps to make budgeting on the basis of it (Long et al. 2020).
Budget planning is necessary to make budgeting along with understanding all resources needed for the implementation of e-prescription.
- Budget planning
| Resources | Rates |
| Materials and supplies | $8000 |
| Telephone planning | $100 |
| Software installment | $40000 |
| Human resources | $20000 |
| Shipping charges | $2000 |
| Legal expenses | $500 |
Table 1: Budget planning
(Source: Created by researcher)
Stakeholders management
According to the investigation, it has been found that the stakeholders involve managers of the healthcare system, process owner, healthcare system department, suppliers, and financial department. It is needed to use stakeholder’s analysis tools to identify various suppliers to implement this innovation process. Stakeholders management helps to implement various strategies, which will help to execute the innovation process successfully (Shahmoradi, Safadari & Jimma, 2017). It can be argued that in the case of this e-prescription, the innovation can achieve profound success if supported by all stakeholders involved.
Risk control
Risk assessment and risk control is considered as a very crucial step, which will help to assess risks of innovation successfully. This process includes various steps such as brainstorming, mind-mapping, assigning any scale, identification of activities, and others. As opined by Fiaz Ikram & Ilyas (2018), brainstorming helps to decrease potential risks by enhancing the suitable factors in order to complete implementation. Besides that, identification of various activities related to e-prescription will help to mitigate risks. As e-prescription involves technical efficacy, a risk control team needs to be formed to manage any kind of technical faults. [Referred to appendix 1]
Quality control
Evidence has suggested that quality control is an important process, which includes three types of elements such as hard element, medium element as well as soft elements. Hard elements involve process management, performance management, integration criteria while medium elements include knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications. On the contrary, personal integrity, confidence, organizational culture, and motivations are categorized in soft elements. It can be argued that implementation of all these will help to improve the process of e-prescription.
Tool development
In this process, the toolset required in the implementation process of e-prescription is developed in an effective manner. The vendor assessment tool, sample workflow diagram, HIT readiness assessment tool, e-prescribing team roaster are some of the possible tool kits, which are required to implement e-prescription process in healthcare system (Long et al. 2020).
3.2 Theories and models
Rogers diffusion of innovation theory
Diffusion of innovation theory is recognized as a very common social science theory, developed by E.M Rogers in the year 1962. This theory helps to adopt new ideas and new concepts in order to improve the innovation and implementation process. As argued by Heath Sommerfield & von Ungern‐Sternberg (2020), implementation of this theory has helped to understand the population that is contemplated as one of the common reasons for adopting new innovations.
This theory has described the innovation process in five steps such as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. The explanations of these steps are as follows (Min, So & Jeong, 2019).
- Innovators
This step refers to those people who are closely associated with the first innovation and want to adopt innovation in the first phase.
- Early adopters
Early adopters are considered as those people, who want to adopt leadership roles along with changing opportunities.
- Early majority
Early majorly includes those people who adopt innovation late after getting authentic evidence.
- Late majority
In this case, people adopt the innovation process after using it by many people in their population.
- Laggards
These people are usually argued as traditional and conservative and they adopt the innovation process after many years (Schleyer et al. 2021).
The linear model of innovation
The linear model of innovation is considered as one of the important models, which helps to establish a relationship between science and technology as well as helps in applied research and development. Implementation of this process helps in economic growth by performing scientific research. As suggested by Tyabji (2018), it includes three steps such as invention, innovation, and diffusion, which helps in understanding resources, process, and innovation effects. According to the investigations, it allows minimizing risks in an effective pathway as well as aids in controlling the entire implementation planning.
3.3 Critically analyze implementation process in terms of theories
This report has shed light on two theories such as diffusion of innovation theory and linear model of innovation. According to past literature based on the implementation of e-prescription in the healthcare systems, both theories and models will be opportunistic. It has been analyzed that implementation of diffusion of innovation theory will help adopt new changes, ideas, and creation along with this implementation process (Franceschinis et al. 2018). One of the most important points, application of this theory will help to understand as well as explain the rate of customer adoption. Besides that, it has been depicted that it will be beneficial to understand the trends of e-prescription in the market including assessments of the new e-prescription implementation process. Furthermore, the rate of values, needs, and experiences of implementing e-prescription will be explained by the implementation of diffusion of innovation theory.
The linear model of innovation will be beneficial to implement an e-prescription system through innovation as it will help to implement various tools and technologies along with proper scientific research. The e-prescription system will be developed by this theory as well as it will help to improve the economic growth of this health care system effectively (Tidd, 2021).
3.4 Strategies aid in implementation of innovation in the healthcare system
Innovative and well-built strategies are beneficial to improve the implementation of e-prescription in the pharmacy and other healthcare systems. Strategies are as follows.
Drive accountability
The managers of the healthcare system have to create proper goals and objectives through researching trends of the market, which will help in the implementation process significantly. As suggested by Ginter et al. (2018), understanding the goals and objectives will help to explain the vision and strategy of the e-prescription system hence the implementation process developed. Furthermore, the managers of the healthcare system should focus on setting goals as well as achieving goals that will be also opportunistic in innovation.
Stay action-oriented
Many organizations including healthcare organizations are not action-oriented, which is considered as one of the common reasons for failure to implement. The manager of the pharmacy and healthcare system must be action-oriented, which will help to get success in the innovation process (Vidal et al. 2018). Besides that, it is needed to enhance the awareness regarding practical e-prescription systems, which will also help to achieve success.
Progress tracking
Regular meetings and tracking the progress of e-prescription implementation will help to improve this system by controlling all functions effectively. Besides that, the company has to take a budgeting strategy, which will help to execute as well as develop the implementation process successfully (Kameli et al. 2020).
3.5 Key concept of power, culture, and influence
Evidence has suggested that culture is considered as customs, achievement, and arts of particular nations, social groups. According to prior research, healthcare organizational cultures include three levels such as visible manifestations, sharing paths of thinking, and shared assumptions. On the contrary, power is recognized as the ability as well as the capacity to promote behaviours and other events. In the context of the healthcare system, e-prescription can help to influence people and the organization system. Influence is closely related to the leadership system and it helps to change and force any people or group of individuals to meet targets and to achieve goals and objectives (Dixit & Sambasivan, 2018).
3.6 potential impact of them to improve implementation
Power, culture, and Influence- all have a positive impact on the implementation of innovation in the healthcare system. In the word of Ginter et al. (2018), organizational culture will play a beneficial role to develop the efficiency and performance of the innovation process successfully along with enhancing capability. It has been found that several characteristics of organizational culture will help to improve the implementation process by enhancing motivation. On the contrary, power and influence will help to influence the implementation process including improving leadership style. According to recent investigations, it will be beneficial to adopt new ideas regarding the e-prescription system due to its potential nature along with other healthcare innovations.
4. leadership and management
4.1 Concept of leadership and management
Leadership is the concept of motivating employees and other groups of individuals in order to achieve their goals and objectives. As suggested by Vidal et al. (2017), leadership is recognized as setting a new pathway as well as detection, which helps to manage the entire activities of the organization significantly. On the contrary, management is strongly connected with controls of resources and employees, which help in the establishment of values and principles. According to this assignment, leadership and management will help to develop the innovation process by enhancing creativity and the ability to adopt new ideas.
4.2 Theories and models
Democratic leadership theories
Democratic leadership, commonly called participative leadership, is a very common leadership theory, which helps in the decision-making process. As mentioned by Kilicoglu (2018), democratic leadership is made on the basis of the philosophical tradition of Dewey’s pragmatism with an aim of establishing participation for successful relationships, collaboration associations, and other corporations. Journal has approached that democratic leadership is recognized as value-based leadership practices that help in controlling and balancing power.
According to this theory, ideas are exchanged freely with hierarchy and staff as well as it helps in encouraging decision making. Usually, a democratic leadership style is very effective leadership process that enables to increase productivity along with improving morale and innovations. Leaders with democratic leadership style are very creative, intelligent, and transparent, all of these qualities help to inspire people including innovation and implementation.
4.3 Critically analyze the success factor of implementation process by applying theory
It has been analyzed that implementation of democratic leadership theory will help to improve the morale of health practitioners as well as aid in cost benefited. Therefore, it has been proved that the innovation of e-prescription will be successfully implemented by applying this theory. As opined by Vidal et al. (2017), implementation of this theory will help to develop the e-prescription process by attaching new ideas and solutions. It will help to overcome the problems of implementation along with improving this innovation e-prescription innovation. The productivity of healthcare organizations will be enhanced through implementing e-prescription including problems regarding misreading medications by applying this theory. Henceforth, it has been proved that this leadership theory will be opportunistic to improve implementations.
5. Recommendations and Conclusion
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that innovation in the healthcare system is important to improve their protection service, medication. Innovation in the healthcare center can implement the facility of electronic prescription that is a software application. Electronic prescriptions can be directly provided by healthcare and physicians of patients on digital platforms instead of paper writing prescriptions. Besides that, e-prescription can be recorded or saved in the medical access to healthcare authorities to reduce the chances of misplacing or losing prescriptions. However, this innovation can help the healthcare department to visit the detailed historical information of patients regarding appointments, issues, and medicines to reduce errors from treatment. Techniques of implementing e-prescription and strategies to stabilize and improve the innovation are described in this study. The above discussion focuses on the conceptual and practical importance of healthcare management and leadership quality in healthcare.
5.2 Recommendations
- It can be recommended that healthcare centers need to improve their technical department to utilize innovative technologies and their impacts on healthcare services. As per the view of Fan, Cao & Ma (2020), healthcare centers should build an IT team to manage the dispensing software and cloud-based storage applications.
- It can be suggested that healthcare management has to orient a training program for their IT departments and other employees to develop better knowledge and skills towards digital applications and uses of the software.
- It can be recommended that healthcare management need to focus on the digital ways to explore the digital links of medical records of patients. Focusing the digital ways can help the pharmacy department of the healthcare center to understand prescribed medicine and patients’ details that indicate proper medication adherence (Hirai et al. 2018).
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