Intercultural Business Competences Assignment Sample
PART 1: Individual Report
Introduction
The whole report study here speaks about the intercultural competencies of the business. It mainly focused on two basic things: the working strategies with the team and the way of building a proper team so that it can be helpful for the development of the organization. No organization in the world can run properly without proper planning and a proper team. Teamwork is very essential for any organization to work accordingly. There are three definite types of “intercultural competence” theories that can help for the development of the organization in some specific parts. Those are the indigenous approaches, the cross-cultural approaches, and the cultural approaches. These approaches help the management team to work accordingly and positively so that the employees of the organization can, work motivated for the development of the organization. Working with cultural expertise across the world can be another good part that can stabilize the health of any organization. This is because they have the ultimate knowledge and other experiences that must be helpful for the organization.
Working in teams and successful team-building
Running of a definite organization, the necessity of a proper team and management is very important. The human resources of the organization work very positively in this particular matter at the same time they have managed to get a proper and efficient team for the organization. The management team firstly collects a good amount of efficient employees from the team and collaborates all of them to a good team. According to Pollack and Matous (2019), the impact of a good team of employees on the organization will help the organization to develop. It also assists to achieve their goals at the same time assists for the expansion of the business across the world.
The intercultural theories are of many types that are available in the business world. Here in this report, the intercultural theory of AUM has been used in the report and it will discuss the whole report study in a way so that it can be helpful for the organization for their improvement. The most important theories are the approach of social science, the interpretive approach, and the dialectical approach. These are the most used and performed theories that help any organization to run smoothly in the market of the business world. As opined by Khan and Wajidi (2019), the role of a proper team affects the core part of the organization mainly. Along with it, the role of the leadership is also very effective as it motivates all the employees to work wholeheartedly within the organization.
The social science approach observes a proper behavior of an individual who is from a different culture for the sake of describing the social approach and comparing the culture with the other cultures of the society. The approach also explained the facts where the individuals managed the ways of adjusting their communication with other parties of the society. The “Apple ” i–tech company here managed to get some of the special characteristics of their management team for stages so that they can explore themselves to secure the future of the organization and expand their business globally.
The critical approach is the other thing that examines the cultures according to the differences that are compared to the researcher’s and the way it has been portrayed in the “media”. The critical approach is multifaceted and complex therefore it leads to a vivid understanding of intercultural communication. As cited by Ozigboet al. (2020), team building and the performance of the employees helps to increase the productivity rate of the organization. It further helps to explore the issues that will in early times cause a serious problem.
The interpretive approach theory assists to accumulate pieces of knowledge about the cultures through proper communication in the proper form of stories. It mainly focuses on some of the special communities of people to communicate with them adequately. The individual; context is so important and it does not suffer to make the summarized predictions that are based on the findings. The AUMtheoryalso provides the dialectical approaches that describe some specific intercultural forms such as similarities, statics, contextual things, and many other things. The dialectical cultural approaches help to determine the facts about the cultural and intercultural factors of the communication. As suggested by Stambulova et al. (2021), discussions of career development can also be helpful for proper team building. With the help of these definite approaches or in other words the theories any organization can manage to get a team of some best employees that will develop the organization at the same time expand the business globally as “Apple’s management team” does.
However, the discourse and the national politics are likely to grow more, divisive across the European country’s news to continue their inclusive thinking. As opined by Marasi (2019), the colleges and the universities are the pines who help for the development of the skills and the pieces of knowledge of the students. These students in the future will work for any organization and with proper teamwork; they would be able to develop their skills along with the development of the organization. Embracing cultural diversity in the new workplaces is a more crucial step for those businesses who want to be a competitor in the global market. As mentioned by Xiong et al. (2021), the social and psychological approaches help to understand the whole scenario while working in cultural communication. Many organizations like Apple embrace the benefits of a workforce that is diverse. However, along with the benefits that is necessary and come with the challenges of cultures and languages. According to Cole et al. (2019), through the help of emotional intelligence, collaborative teams can be developed. They can promote their businesses globally and improve the productivity rate for the company. The diverse teams are considered as the more productive ones and they perform better for the organization as the employees of Apple are doing for a long time to expand their business.
On the other hand, there are many challenges in the forms of conflict in the workplaces that bother the organization very much sometimes (Wagner et al. 2019). In addition, the differences in the understanding and other problems come forward in the organization.
Working across cultures in international teams
The intercultural competencies regarding business are considered as the capability to labor efficiently with various stakeholders, suppliers, colleagues, and customers from various cultures. As cited by Kobayashi et al. (2019), they can interact seamlessly; they can also influence and lead the multicultural teams; they attain multiple results with the unites of businesses across the various geographic, the intercultural competencies are rarely balked by laboring around the globe and seems to obtain energy from various contracts by international basis. As per Movchun et al. (2021), many individuals were uplifted internationally and modified their early cultural competencies. The intercultural competencies regarding business help professionals, leaders, and managers to upgrade the competencies of various cultures to work efficiently and comfortably with the other cultures around the globe. The various approaches assist individuals to learn about different cultures, assumptions, and cultural aspects (Crawford, 2020). The intercultural competencies design interventions, workshops, and conversations by including a wide variety of study techniques that further resonates with various styles of learning (Kobayashi, 2019). Through these, the competencies are touching the levels of behaviors, cognition, and emotions.
The main strength of the inventions is a communication experience. From these experiences, the applicants learn and share because they might continue with this dynamic on returning to the regular workplace. As referred to by Swartz et al. (2020), the passion of intercultural competencies regarding business is to form a particular space where individuals can talk about multiple cultures. The competencies design a particular structure for various conversations that are considered to be flexible to proceed along with the various requirements of the applicants. The I-Tech Company follows the same format for the intercultural competencies regarding business. Through these business competencies, the employees of an organization can take part in multiple events namely, team facilitation, training, and audience presentation (Barbosa and Crawford 2020). By working across various cultures the employees of an organization will be capable enough to interact with one another which will further result in the growth of their respective businesses.
Theories in practice
In this particular study the theory of “Anxiety Uncertainty Management” is showcased for maintaining proper communication in the I-Tech Company around the globe. As referred to by Pronin and Klyueva (2020), the theory of “Anxiety uncertainty Management” was developed by William B. Gudykunst” explains how multiple strangers of an organization can practice the effectiveness of communication through the mindful administration of the uncertainty and anxiety levels of communication. The AUM theory’s root was laid upon the combination of the anxiety-lessened theory of “Charles Berger” and the communal identification theory of “Henri tajfel”. As per Barkley and Wu (2020), the AUM theory is considered to be the major communication theory that briefly describes the effectiveness of interpersonal communication, outcome, antecedent, and process dimensions of the intergroup. The term Anxiety refers to emotional feelings like awkwardness, uneasiness, apprehensiveness, confusion, or stress about what may take place in the conversation. On the other hand, the term uncertainty refers to the inability of predicting strangers.
Therefore the applicants who are entering a new organization require multiple skills in uncertainty and anxiety management. As per Thi et al. (2019), the uncertainty and the anxiety management theory inside intercultural communication further links the individual, cultural, situational, and organizational level-dependent variables to the effectiveness of communication and the adjustments of intercultural individuals. The various axioms in the theory of AUM concerning the variables of organizational levels to the outcomes of the various communications supply a particular framework in the strategies of relationship cultivation. The AUM theory is included in this study because by the theory the employees of various cultures can easily communicate inside the organization (Barkley and Wu 2020).
The I-tech company genuinely follows this particular theory to maintain the proper level of communication between its employees. As per Ilie et al. (2019), the management of anxiety and uncertainty might mediate the various links from a few particular strategies of relationship cultivation to the particular OPR outcomes. The AUM theory also explains the various sub-level aspects of the before-mentioned predictors. There are a few of the aspects of sublevel which are closely linked with the relationship cultivation strategies in the research of the OPR which incorporates the various expectations that are positive, cooperative, and moral as well.
The AUM theory will help the I-tech Company to maintain proper norms and policies for intercultural communications regarding their respective business.
This effort will further help to understand why the utilization of the cultivation strategies guides to the outcomes that are considered to be desirable (Kobayashi, 2019). The I-tech strategy to construct multiple coalitions and networks with the equal teams which their people perform is related to various shared networks inside the AUM theory.
The theory of AUM is constantly evolving and developing most of its respective applications at the intergroup and interpersonal levels. As per Andriutsa and Movchun (2021), the COVID-19 rampant has a significant influence upon the business of an organization. Throughout the pandemic, the I-Tech Company has followed the digital method of doing business and it has resulted in better growth as expected. The company also followed the AUM theory throughout the pandemic to maintain the communications of its employees who are from various cultures which further helped the organization to bring growth in their respective business.
Conclusion
This particular study deals with the intercultural business communications inside an organization. Several points are clearly described for understanding this study. The several points incorporate working across various cultures in the international teams, the theory in practice and working in groups, and efficient team building. This particular study is formatted in such a way that it is easy for multiple readers to understand the concept of intercultural interactions regarding the business of an organization. In this study, the I-Tech Company is taken into action which will further help the organization to enhance the intercultural communication between its respective workforces around the world. The AUM theory can be clearly described by the researchers of this study to maintain proper intercultural communication inside an organization. Intercultural communication regarding the business of an organization is considered to be an important aspect for improving the interactions between the employees of an organization.
References
Acker, S. and Wagner, A., 2019. Feminist scholars working around the neoliberal university. Gender and Education, 31(1), pp.62-81.
Boateng, A., Wang, Y., Ntim, C. and Glaister, K.W., 2021. National culture, corporate governance and corruption: A cross‐country analysis. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(3), pp.3852-3874.
Cole, M.L., Cox, J.D. and Stavros, J.M., 2019. Building collaboration in teams through emotional intelligence: Mediation by SOAR (strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results). Journal of Management & Organization, 25(2), pp.263-283.
de Jong, M.E., Taal, E., Thomas, P.W., Römkens, T.E., Jansen, J.M., West, R.L., Slotman, E., Hoentjen, F. and Russel, M.G., 2021. Cross-cultural translation and validation of the IBD-control questionnaire in the Netherlands: a patient-reported outcome measure in inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 56(2), pp.155-161.
Fong, V.C., Gardiner, E. and Iarocci, G., 2021. Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 25(5), pp.1335-1348.
Hamadneh, S., Hassan, J., Alshurideh, M., Al Kurdi, B. and Aburayya, A., 2021. The effect of brand personality on consumer self-identity: the moderation effect of cultural orientations among British and Chinese consumers. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24, pp.1-14.
Ilie, O.A., 2019, June. The intercultural competence. Developing effective intercultural communication skills. In International conference Knowledge-based organization (Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 264-268).
Khan, M.R. and Wajidi, A., 2019. Role of leadership and team building in employee motivation at workplace. GMJACS, 9(1), pp.11-11.
Kobayashi, J., 2019. Transition in Intercultural Communication Competence: Business Communication between Japanese and Americans. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10(4), pp.167-172.
Litvinova, T., Andriutsa, N. and Movchun, V., 2021. Developing Students’ Intercultural Communicative Competence through Online Learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 16(8), pp.162-172.
Marasi, S., 2019. Team-building: Developing teamwork skills in college students using experiential activities in a classroom setting. Organization Management Journal, 16(4), pp.324-337.
Mele, E., Kerkhof, P. and Cantoni, L., 2021. Analyzing cultural tourism promotion on Instagram: a cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(3), pp.326-340.
Ozigbo, A.M., Idegbesor, M., Ngige, C.D. and Nwakoby, N.P., 2020. Team building and performance in organizations: An exploration of issues. International Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), pp.184-199.
Pollack, J. and Matous, P., 2019. Testing the impact of targeted team building on project team communication using social network analysis. International Journal of Project Management, 37(3), pp.473-484.
Stambulova, N.B., Ryba, T.V. and Henriksen, K., 2021. Career development and transitions of athletes: The international society of sport psychology position stand revisited. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(4), pp.524-550.
Swartz, S., Barbosa, B. and Crawford, I., 2020. Building intercultural competence through virtual team collaboration across global classrooms. Business and professional communication quarterly, 83(1), pp.57-79.
Thi, P.D.H., 2019. Vietnamese teachers’ perceptions of integrating intercultural communicative competence (ICC) into business English teaching. ThaiTESOL Journal, 32(2), pp.17-31.
Tsvetkova, C.E., Mineeva, O.A., Pronin, N.C. and Klyueva, M.I., 2020, March. Principles Underpinning the Development of Cross-Cultural Business Communication as Part of Master’s Degree in Pedagogy [C]. In International Scientific Conference” Far East Con”(ISCFEC 2020) (pp. 2937-2945). Atlantis Press.
Wagner, C.S., Whetsell, T.A. and Mukherjee, S., 2019. International research collaboration: Novelty, conventionality, and atypicality in knowledge recombination. Research Policy, 48(5), pp.1260-1270.
Wang, J., Chen, C.I., Liu, Y., Barkley, D. and Wu, C.C., 2020. Intercultural competences and job satisfaction of expatriates: the mediating effect of positive psychological well-being. International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online), 12(3), pp.140-155.
Xiong, C., Chang, V., Scuotto, V., Shi, Y. and Paoloni, N., 2021. The social-psychological approach in understanding knowledge hiding within international R&D teams: An inductive analysis. Journal of Business Research, 128, pp.799-811.
XU, J. and CHENG, C., 2021. Uncertainty avoidance, individualism and the readiness of Business-to-Consumer E-commerce. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 8(1), pp.791-801.
Website:
AUM theory, 2022, march, 17. AUM theory [online] available at: https://www.emerald.com [Accessed on:17.03.2022]
PART 2: Appendices
Appendix 1: Review of article 1
Sims, R.L., 2009. Collective versus individualist national cultures: Comparing Taiwan and US employee attitudes toward unethical business practices. Business & Society, 48(1), pp.39-59.
Business organizations always try to expand their network channels far and wide. This is immensely important for the business to expand and grow. As said by Sims (2009), to avail and extract the benefits of the expansion of the potential market, it is needed. This expansion helps the organization a competitive edge and advantage as compared to other companies that cannot avail the expansion. The study is based on the relevant data collected from 252 full-time employees from the USA and Taiwan.
The company operates across various national boundaries and employs people from different cultural backgrounds. The big organization equates people based on ethical considerations. In the UK across various companies like Apple, Microsoft Corporation, diversity is seen widely. The company hires human resources from various counties, backgrounds with wide linguistic differences and cultural differences. As said by Sims (2009), cultural difference affects and influences the ethical decision making in these corporations. The most justified human approaches are followed that propagate unity.
There is no compulsory enforcement of a particular culture in these corporations; this is immensely needed as the human resources must be led uniformly to the organizational goals. The presence of these cultural barriers hampers the performance of the individual and the organization as a whole. As referred to by Sims (2009), the management tries to hear the opinions of every single working employee in the organization. The opinions of every individual matter, as the unethical behaviors of the management, will hamper the reputation and the productivity of the organization as a whole.
The individualism approach propagates individual independence whereas group cohesion is propagated by collectivism. The group culture or the collective culture is immensely important as the organization is managed by a group of efficient human resources and not by a single individual. Companies like Apple or Microsoft corporations follow a well-drafted code of ethics. As referred to by Sims (2009), these drafted structures help in maintaining the uniformity in culture throughout the organizations. These drafted codes of ethics help the employee to retain their honesty in their work as the company propagates their interest through the codes.
Big organizations in the UK and other parts of the world face various kinds of internal conflicts in their management. Analysts observe this as an integral and common part that is expected when such large diversity exists in the workforce. The employees who follow the individualistic approach and are raised by the same idea face problems in dealing with those who are raised on the belief of collection. As mentioned by Sims (2009), the organization propagates the maintenance of a comfortable working culture that treats none as special, but everyone as equal. These feelings are indoctrinated in the entire workforce. This is needed so that in the later stage this individualism does not create any serious issues for the management. Well framed surveys through questionnaires were conducted across various organizations in the USA and Taiwan. The result also helps to analyze how collectivism is helpful for the organization.
Appendix 2: Review of the article 2
Vecchi, A. and Brennan, L., 2009. Quality management: a cross‐cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal.
The Business atmosphere all around the world is becoming more complex. Various competitive factors have triggered these consequences. These factors have been formed in the business atmosphere due to the increasing pressure of the business competition. This enhanced business competition has forced business organizations all over the world to increase business competition. As said by Vecchi and Brennan (2009), every segment of business now has vivid competitors. In this present context due to the advent of technological changes and transitions, the pressure has increased more. This changed scenario has forced business organizations to change their strategies and focus more on product development and innovation.
Almost 23 countries were surveyed in this study and respective responses were recorded in the same. The study has widely explained the convergence hypothesis. As said by Vecchi and Brennan (2009), this hypothesis is based on the presumption that the per capita income in the poorer countries tends to increase at a faster rate than in the developed countries. The study also explains the divergence hypothesis. These two forms of hypothesis are immensely important in the context of the study. The study has emphasized quality priorities and good quality practices.
The need of enhancing quality performance is also a pivotal aspect for the management in various business organizations. The study has elaborately mentioned the masculinity effect on the overall quality cost for various companies. Business organizations are developed in various countries. Each of these countries has different cultures. As opined Vecchi and Brennan (2009), these cultural factors influence the strategy and policy of business organizations. The companies take into consideration the diverse cultural parameters in overall management policies. The workforce that these organizations employ is also diversified. The community of the workforce also varies accordingly. The strategy used by these organizations is unique as they try to represent the interest of the entire employee base.
The more these strategies will focus on wider inclusion and representation of the workforce, the more chances are that the overall success of the organizations can be achieved. The relevant survey that was conducted across various countries has established the fact that there exists a significant relationship between the management of quality and the cultural dimensions and the cultural factors. The study through the form of the survey also suggests that some forms of cultures are more suitable to support specific forms or types of cultures than others. The national culture also is used many times to explain the quality. As said by de Vecchi and Brennan (2009), the study explains the fact that although the quality practices can be changed the fundamental practices are difficult to change.
These various factors are taken into consideration by various policymakers while framing the overall guiding policies of the company. As said by Vecchi and Brennan (2009), the power distance factors also influence the performance quality. Scientifically it has been evaluated that the countries that are high power distance countries perform better than the competitors. The overall strategy is thoroughly influenced by the national culture that predominantly exists in the country of operations. The study has helped various researchers by providing vivid well-framed knowledge in this field.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Know more about UniqueSubmission’s other writing services: