LD7091 Research Methods for Professional Practice Assignment Sample 2023
Part One: Reflective CPD
Personal Development Plan
A personal development plan is a documented action plan used to identify the individual goals needed to be achieved (DiPaola and Wagner, 2018).It includes the areas needed to improve and develop to meet the goals. Concerning my development plan, I feel that I would like to improve and develop some competencies that can help me efficiently deal with some major problems, helping me strengthen my innovative capability, leadership skills, and efficient management skills. It is important to formulate a plan for continuous development to deal with uncertain future challenges.
About Yourself
I have completed my B. Tech in civil engineering, and I pursued this career because I have a keen interest in this profession. Although my family is highly associated with the construction industry, I have always observed my family while drafting a building plan. After that, my curiosity regarding managing things as per schedule increased, and I have always asked questions to him. I’ve also grown up seeing various emerging Technologies on the field on a daily basis. I decided to pursue my career in this field. I have also acquired a CGPA of 6.63, which helped me develop my knowledge base in this field. This highlights the prominence of project management in the construction area, and therefore I am now pursuing an International Project Management course.
I believe that this exposure will help me gain more knowledge on this subject and improve my managerial skill. Therefore, I have chosen international project management as my master course.
I also completed several seminars, internships, and workshops during the course. I acquired the skills throughout my civil engineering course, including AutoCAD 2D, 3D, architecture, 3ds-MAX, and V-Ray.
Objective
I have short term and long term objectives regarding my career and professional life. For example, my short term objective or goal is to accomplish various projects to enhance my knowledge and architectural competencies. Also, I want to learn about various emerging technologies in project management and architecture. On the other hand, my long-term plans are to participate in more advanced certification programs and become a competent and well-recognized project manager. I want to remain active in learning more about construction-related works. After that, I aim to work as an efficient and competent civil engineer.
Current Experiences
The present era is of the digital age, and almost every business enterprise, irrespective of technology, is putting digitization into practice and processes (Körkkö et. al. 2016). I felt that there is a scope of the technological field in construction and project management, and also, as per my interest, I chose this domain. This is the reason I am studying international project management. I believe that I enrolled on the right course and at the right place. As Northumbria University has a flexible course structure and excellent faculty chain, I am learning new things every day that contribute to my knowledge base. Studying this course will prove advantageous for me in developing and expanding my knowledge in the construction field, and I will become capable of working as a civil engineer and a skilled project manager. This also builds my critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication capability.
After assessing my workings and learning’s, I am sure that I can prove as an efficient project manager and will be able to innovate things and utilize technologies. This is because I am aware that I have to be innovative to continuously develop in my career. Additionally, as technological advancements are coming up quickly, learning these with time is also my goal and a significant aspect of career enhancement.
Career Plan
Career planning is about identifying what an individual is good at (Bass et. al. 2017). This can be recognized by knowing skills, values, interests, talents and translating them into possible career or job opportunities. A career goal is concerned with setting long-term and short-term objectives relevant to the career path.
As I pursued my master’s, I assessed and clearly understood my strengths and weaknesses. To identify these, I have also conducted personality tests and other assessments. I am also aware of the opportunities present for me and the threats or uncontrollable factors that can adversely impact my career. Based on the strengths and weaknesses that I have identified, I will achieve my career goal. Thus, I will share my career plan with my fellow mates and tutors to attain this goal. I believe that they are my well-wishers and will help me gather better information and provide suggestions that will help me go forward. The biggest symbol of achievers is to focus on their career plans (Rolfe and Freshwater, 2020). Therefore, I will also stick to my career plan and put every possible effort to achieve that. After analyzing myself, I find out that there are still some topics where I have to research my career goal to make it more efficient. This is the reason that I have to work on my major weaknesses to overcome them.
For instance, I have assessed that I face trouble managing time and scheduling things. I have to work on my skill set by prioritizing things and learning about the significance of deadlines.
Apart from this, I have noticed that I lack planning and scheduling skills in some instances. Being a project manager, I consider these two as my biggest weaknesses. Hence, I have to learn about numerous techniques and strategies for managing time because when I work as a project manager, I have to schedule and manage many activities.
Apart from this, my major strength is my knowledge of technical skills. For example, I am also an active and enthusiastic personality that finds opportunity everywhere and is motivated to grab the same. Thus, my career plan is to be well-recognized as a successful project manager. After completing this master’s degree, I will gain a lot of opportunities. That will be the time of applying my analytical skills where I will be required to find the most suitable and appropriate opportunity for me. On the other side, I can work on my strengths, overcome weaknesses, and grab opportunities is the best way to cope with the emerging threat of competition.
Conclusion
Hence, it can be said that I have recognized my career goals by focusing on strengths and weaknesses, and I got a clear vision of my plans.
Part two: Achievements/Learning log
Learning log is a personalized learning resource for children. It contains thoughts, experiences, feelings, and reflections (Su et. al. 2018). Overall, this can be said as a journal while helps a student in reflecting more deeply on their learning process. Below are the snapshots of the pages I created in the Pebble Pad.
My Research Interest
I have a great interest in the construction field, and this is why I chose my career as an international project management student. I also have a keen interest in learning technology and other managerial competencies which can aid in building my career. This is why I am right now pursuing international project management with advanced practice. Thus my research interest is based on civil area and project management.
Am I ready for the research?
Research is defined as the systematic investigation of materials and sources to identify facts and reach a new conclusion (Schedlitzki, 2019). It is the creation of new knowledge and generating methodologies, new understandings, and concepts. I consider it a logical and systematic search for useful information on a particular topic. This can be fundamental research or applied research. After knowing regarding my topic of research, I believe that and I am confident that I am ready for the research. I’ve also utilized the Research Development planner and skill audit tool.
Personal SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a strategic management and planning technique used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a person or a corporation(Bordeaux, 2020). In some instances, this tool is also regarded as a situation analysis or assessment tool. This SWOT analysis has provided me with detailed insight into my personality, weaknesses, and several other challenges that are ahead in my career. Also, I got to know about the opportunities I have and how efficiently I can grab them.
Strengths
· Communication skills · Confidence and dedication |
Weaknesses
· Difficulty in planning and scheduling of activities · Complexities in managing time |
Opportunities
· Gain more exposure in the construction field · Job opportunities to develop my technical and soft skills |
Threats
· Increasing competition · Continually increasing pressure and workload in the industry. |
Literature Searching
Literature searching is a thorough search of different types of literature. This can be peer-reviewed articles or books regarding the topic. It is important to completely understand the shape of the literature in the domain before undertaking any research. Thus, to conduct an efficient and thorough literature search, one should identify the research topic the sources, develop a strategy refining the strategy, and save it for future use. Literature research is quite important to perform good authentic research. It will help in drafting a research question and planning the overall study.
Mind Map of Own Research
A mind map can be said to align some major concepts using lines, links, and images (Körkkö et. al. 2016). This uses the concept of radiant thinking. Thus, mind mapping is a brainstorming technique that enables a user to deconstruct complicated topics by creating a graphical representation. This is done to explore numerous possibilities, generate a new conceptual framework, and generate unique ideas. I can conduct mind mapping by brainstorming and organizing the information in research.
Career Goal
A career goal can be considered a statement of purpose, which is a written description of the long term professional objectives. My career goal is to become an efficient project manager working in the construction industry and utilizing my full potential and learnings. Also, the short term objective is to continue learning more skills and tools in this context and enhancing my skill sets.
Personality and Learning style
Every individual is different, and thus, their preferred learning style also varies based on personality traits. The learning process becomes more efficient and interesting when it favours the preferred learning styles. Therefore, one should have a knowledge of their suitable style to gain the concepts more effectively. Below attached is the snapshot of 16 different types of learning styles on the basis of personalities. In this, E – extraverted, I – introverted, N – intuition, S – sensing, F – feeling, T – thinking, J – judging, and P – perceiving.
Project Initiation form
Prior to submitting the proposal for the dissertation, it is important to fill out the project initiation form. In this form, the details which have to be mentioned are the title of the proposal, the aim of the research, what is included in it, and how I will create the project.
Ethics and Governance
Ethics and governance hold significant importance in the research because it ensures a wide range of principles, regulations, and standards of good practice. This form creation is to identify the risks within the project and determine if the risk is high or low. My project tutor delivered me a simple guiding principle to fill this form appropriately.
Legal Issues
Various issues emerge in project conduction and accomplishment, including legal, social, and ethical (DiPaola and Wagner, 2018). The key legal issues in the research can be pertaining to the regulatory bodies, biases, overlapping publications, copyright, and fraud in research and publication.
Gantt chart and Project Plans
Prior to beginning any project, a list of activities is planned and created. Gantt chart is a chart that helps the researcher in planning work activities around the deadline and appropriately allocating resources. In research, it is used to represent a project’s schedule, which includes the duration of tasks, ordering, and their dependencies. The Gantt chart of the research is as follows:
Title | Weeks/Research actions | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 |
T1 | Project and Proposal discussion |
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T2 | Literature Review | ||||||
T3 | Time Boxing | ||||||
T4 | Testing | ||||||
T5 | Writing | ||||||
T6 | Finalization of dissertation |
Risk Management
Risk management can be said as the process of recognizing, evaluating, and controlling threats to any project (Bass et. al. 2017). This is essential to assess the project’s physical, psychological, social, economic, and legal risks. Some of the key risks in my research are:
- Lack of availability of data for training
- High cost of implementation
- Possibility of biases and discrimination
- Antivirus fixing to defend the system
Part three: Project proposal
Introduction
The intention behind the project development comprises of different activities. Time management can be said to organize and plan time spent on the activities and functions (Kerzner, 2017). Managing time is essential to accomplish the activities promptly with efficiency in project management. Also, time management directly affects the scope, quality, and cost of any project, and thus time management is considered a crucial requirement. Apart from this, project scheduling is also a considerable aspect as it assesses the resources required, timeline, and reality of the delivery of the project. Scheduling can be defined as the art of planning activities in such a manner so that it can help achieve the goals and priorities in the required time (Aeon and Aguinis, 2017).
This paper involves the assessment of analyzing the significance of time management and scheduling in project management. Also, it encompasses a comparative study of the methodologies between India and Dubai. This project is worthwhile because managing time is the most significant aspect to attain the project goals. Also, time management and scheduling are the primary areas of managing a project and developing these skills has become vital. Also, several technological advancements and computing methods can help develop these skills (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016). Thus, it can be said that this project will be beneficial in learning the significance of being active in managing time and also scheduling activities. The comparative study is also valuable for gaining an insight into the strategies that two nations adopt.
Research scope and objectives
The scope of this research process is restricted to the extent of evaluating the significance of time management and scheduling.
This current research study has aimed to study the importance of time management and scheduling in project management compared to India and Dubai. In this approach, the different methodologies between India and Dubai have been discussed with many plausible findings.
Objectives
Significant objectives of the current assignment have been depicted as follows:
- To analyze the importance of time and scheduling in project management
- To evaluate the positive aspects of managing time and scheduling under project management
- To determine the time management and scheduling importance on a comparison basis between India and Dubai
- To recommend effective strategies for effective time management and scheduling under project management.
SMART objectives
Specific: The specific objective of this study is to conduct a comparative study between the two countries, specifically on the grounds of time management and project scheduling.
Measurable: The success can be measured in the timely accomplishment of project activities with limited resources efficiently.
Achievable: The objective of this research is achievable as scheduling and time are the critical components of the successful completion of the project.
Realistic: These two components determine the success of the project.
Timeline: It can be six months.
Research Questions
Q1. What is the importance of time and scheduling in project management?
Q2. What are the positive aspects of managing time and scheduling under project management?
Q3. What is the basis of comparison between India and Dubai regarding time management and scheduling?
Q4. What are some recommendations for better managing time and scheduling in project management?
Literature review
Concept of time and scheduling in project management
As per the views of Harrison and Lock (2017), time management is the planning of time required to be spent on a particular activity within the project. It also involves the progress and the deadlines. Proper time management under project management requires planning, scheduling, monitoring, and controlling all concerned activities and functions. Time management is considered one of the six key functions of project management as per the project management institute. There are seven key processes involved in project time management. These are plan schedule management, defining the activities, sequencing, estimating resources, and durations, forming a project schedule, and controlling it. On the other hand, Habibi et. al. (2018) states project scheduling as outlining the phases, tasks within the stage, and dependencies. Kerzner(2017) added that this also involves the resources needed for every task, order of occurrence, timeline, interdependencies, and milestones. The project schedule should be accessible to every member of the project group. It converts the project’s plan, scope, and cost into an operational timeline. There are various scheduling techniques that the manager can embrace. The most effective one is the critical path method or CPM. This approach is based on mathematical analysis, and thus with the help of this technique, the longest and shortest possible project timeline can be determined. Khanam et. al. (2017) states another technique as simulation. This approach is useful when the attributes of the project are unclear, including interdependencies and deliverables.
Importance and positive impact of managing time and scheduling
Managing time efficiently is one of the biggest challenges of project management. Demirkesen and Ozorhon (2017) mentions that time management is important during the completion of the project as it results in less stress and better work-life balance. Also, it results in greater focus because time management enhances the focus and thus improves productivity. Greater focus allows the team and manager to capture bigger opportunities and spend time on goals. Better management of time leads to help in breaking down the project, assigning tasks, and accomplishing it on time. The key positive impact of time management is staying on budget (Al-Qassab et. al. 2019). When every project activity is accomplished under the set deadline, it will be possible for the project manager to stick to the allotted budget and keep the concerned stakeholders happy and satisfied with the project’s progress. Also, managing time helps attain the goals of the project as it impacts the other personal and professional goals.
Accurate prerequisites and clear tasks are important to a reliable schedule. Well-planned project tasks can deliver a reliable project plan that can then be properly resourced. Shaheen AlBeshr (2019) describes that everything comes from the project schedule. It can be stated that accurate project scheduling facilitates the team to effectively and precisely plan resource requirements and also look for efficiencies. To organize and complete the project in a qualitative, timely and financially responsible manner, the project manager is required to schedule the project carefully (Mainga, 2017).
Effective scheduling ensures project success by decreasing errors, managing quality, setting timeframes, keeping the project on track, and assigning resources appropriately.Marle and Vidal (2016) mention that scheduling affects the overall finances of a project. Time constraints pressure the manager to schedule the resources appropriately. On the other hand, the development of a comprehensive work breakdown structure allows the manager to formulate a chart or a Gantt chart that will list the tasks, milestones, and dependencies. Project scheduling is also helpful in ensuring that the completion of one task in a quality manner has been done before the next task begins.
Different methodologies adopted by India and Dubai and concerned recommendations
The most common form of time management technique embraced within India is the Eisenhower matrix. Badewi (2016) refers that this is a tool that helps the project managers in making distinctions between which tasks are essential, not important, not urgent, and urgent. It splits the activities into four boxes and prioritizes the tasks which are needed to be accomplished first and needs more focus. Thus, on the basis of that, delegation can be possible. It is also referred to as an urgent-important matrix that guides the project manager in the delegation. Another methodology that is well-recognized within India is the Pomodoro technique. This technique allows breaking the activities into 25 minutes in length, separated by 5 minutes of short breaks (Babar et. al. 2017).
Furthermore, considering the methodologies implemented within Dubai is prioritization and delegation technique. In the cited nation, time is managed by identifying the most important tasks and setting a reminder for every task under project management. Further, a daily planner can be created, and every activity is assigned with a required time limit.
Gantt chart is India’s most effective project scheduling technique to track progress and report purpose.According to Camilleri (2016), this is a visualization methodology used in project management to get an in-depth insight into the average time required to complete a project. Apart from this, another methodology is fast-tracking. It is another way to use the critical path method. This technique helps identify the activities that can be used to speed up the project completion.
On the contrary, the program evaluation and review technique is the most prevalent methodology in Dubai. This is a way to schedule the tasks within a project and estimate the total time to complete them. This methodology is valuable to represent how every task is dependent on another one (Sanchez and Terlizzi, 2017).
For better time management, the project managers’ effective strategy is to consider 3 P’s. These are planning, prioritizing, and performing. Planning of the project activities can be done efficiently to prioritize the tasks. These can be bifurcated into important and urgent, important and not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important, and wasted time. In addition to this, after planning and prioritizing, then comes the time for performance. This means that it is time to concentrate on a single task until it is 100% complete (Rostami et. al. 2018). Further, in the context of scheduling, the recommended strategies are making a list of tasks, ranking them, defining milestones. Also, the manager can use project scheduling software to add structure and ensure timely completion.
Research Methodology and Planning
Research Method / Design
Now, in the sense of methodology, it has also been identified that with the help of appropriate methodological actions, it has also been expected to gain desired outcomes of any project. Regarding this matter, in the case of research philosophy, the positivism aspect has helped a lot in terms of fulfilling these project objectives with the help of a logical and meaningful argument (Picciotto, 2020). Apart from that, in the sense of research approach, it has been highly justified that with the help of deductive research approach, it has been able to fulfil research objectives from specific theory development to clear actions at the same time. Apart from that, in the context of research design and strategy, it has also been identified that the chosen descriptive research design and strategy has been highlighted the most. This is because; this specific research aspect has focused a lot upon fulfilling research objectives in a more in-detailed manner with proper means of exploration and explanation at the same point.
Project Plan
Gantt chart
This project management tool has been used for helping project teams in terms of planning work around deadlines with the proper allocation of resources (Larsson and Larsson, 2020). This tool has also been utilized for ensuring project deliverables on time as per maintaining the right milestones with success further. For this project case, the project will start from 1st February 2022 with a capped timeline thereafter.
Project Deliverables and required Resources
In the field of project management, deliverables have been considered both tangible and intangible business outputs. All of these deliverables should have to fulfil the right project scope at the end. For this project management, key deliverables have been indicated as key as well as successful and efficient time management and schedulingunder project management with seamless and hassle-free options with a diverse range of positive outcomes and benefits altogether (Young, 2016).
On the other hand, the required resources of this project have included the following:
- Hardware and Software requirements for efficient time management and scheduling
- Upgraded software with systems of PC for time management and scheduling
- Sufficient capital funds for addressing issues of for efficient time management and scheduling
- Labour force with adequate skills and shared knowledge about time management and scheduling
- Required tools and equipment along with materials for time management and scheduling
- Database management system (DBMS) infrastructure for time management and scheduling
In final words, it has also been said that all of these project resources have played pivotal roles in ensuring this project’s success with a range of benefits and outcomes at the same place.
Skills and Time
In the field of project management, skills have been considered as key competencies and traits, which have also been needed for coordinating a project with desired outcomes from start to finish (Bjorvatn and Wald,2018). For this specific project, the project manager should have led the whole project team with an enhanced communication environment, interpersonal skills, motivation, and organized manner.
Now, in the case of the project time management field, it has been seen that this project will require a total time worth 40 days. In this project scenario, key project activities have been included with scheduled time. This time has also been utilized for ensuring deliverables on time.
Project Milestones
This has been considered as a task of zero duration, which has shown an important achievement in a project. These milestones have also represented a clear sequence of key project activities built up with desired outcomes (Palombarini and Martínez, 2021). In a word, these project milestones must denote the overall achievement of the project with a range of benefits. Now, for this project, key milestones have been denoted below:
Project Activities | Time / Date |
Project Selection | 1/2/2022 – 2/2/2022 |
Member Selection | 9/2/2022 – 10/2/2022 |
Risk Management | 18/2/2022 – 22/2/2022 |
Quality Deliverables | 11/3/2022 – 16/3/2022 |
Table 1: Project Milestones
(Source: Self-made, 2022)
Project Cost Estimation
It has been considered as a systematic process of forecasting the financial or any other resources, which have also been needed to complete a project within a defined scope. It has also accounted for each element for the project, from materials to labour, which has also calculated the total amount of determining a project’s budget at the same point (Jaberet. al. 2018). Now, here has been demonstrated an in-detailed project costing account as follows:
Project Activities | Costs |
Labor / Team Salary | £777.76 |
Hardware and Software requirements | £578.34 |
DBMS Installation charge | £279.20 |
Food & Miscellaneous | £175.00 |
Transport & Logistics | £88.74 |
TOTAL | £1,899.04 |
Table 2: Project Cost Estimation
(Source:Self-made, 2022)
Risk Assessment and Management
In the field of project management, the risk management approach has been referred to as the practice of identifying, evaluating, as well as preventing or mitigating risks to a project. It has also acquired the right potential to impact the desired outcomes. It has also been found that a range of project managers are also accountable for overseeing the right risk management process throughout the whole duration of the project at the same time (Alhashmiet. al. 2020).
Now, on behalf of this specific project management scenario, feasible risk management and assessment framework have been demonstrated as follows:
Risks | Description | Impact | Likelihood | Mitigation |
Technology risk | Due to lack of consistent up-gradation, this risk might occur | High | Medium | It can be improved with advanced innovation and technology |
Communication risk | Lack of communication might rise to deficiency in stakeholder management and others. | Medium | High | It can be improved through better engagement and collaboration |
Financial risk | Scope creep and poor financial resources might induce this risk (Eltweri, 2021) | High | Low | It has been resolved through adequate funds available |
Performance risk | It might occur due to a lack of skill and knowledge among workers | High | Low | It has been improved through adequate skills and shared knowledge (Nichiforet. al. 2021). |
Table 3: Risk Management
(Source: Self-made, 2022)
Conclusions
This study can be concluded by stating that time management and scheduling are necessary to ensure the success of the project. Also, the manager is responsible for implementing the right techniques as per the suitability of the research. However, for the cited project, there can be numerous issues that need to be considered. Also, it has been identified that this project or proposal is concerned with several issues related to ethical, legal, social, professional, and security issues. Ethical issues happen when any decision or activity creates a conflict with moral principles. The ethical dilemmas linked with this project can be the unrealistic and conflicting activities among team members, questionable use of company technology, and non-adherence to the safety standards. While implementing the project into practice, either the project manager or project team can face these types of ethical dilemmas.
Further, another issue is concerned with legal aspects, and legal issues are relevant with the points disputed by any party to a lawsuit. In order to accomplish the project, it is vital to stick to the legal aspects. However, legal issues can emerge in compliance and contracts in the cited project. Thus, the researcher must safeguard and maintain privacy, avoiding biases, fraud, and plagiarism.
Another issue associated with the project is linked with social concerns. Inadequate communication with the stakeholders or providing any wrong information to the relevant stakeholders can be a social issue in this project. Furthermore, the project should be implemented after evaluating the advantages to the society and community.
The professional issues that can arise from this project are accountability, conflicts of interest, and workplace culture. The implementation of the project must be conducted by referring to the professional guidelines of the organization or team. Professionalism is the practice of effective communication and finding a way to be productive. Thus, if the project members are not sticking to the responsibility, ethics, and discipline, it can lead to non-professional culture.
Security issues are concerned with unmitigated risks or vulnerabilities in the system that hackers can use to damage the system. Several security issues can hamper the project’s overall success. The scheduling and timely management of the project can be done using various software. In this context, the risks and security concerns increase. These can be ransomware attacks, data breaches, Malware, or authentication issues. To consider these issues, the project can adopt cyber security aspects. Therefore, to deal with this issue, the business owner should directly take control of the system to decide about the output it generates.
Moreover, policy proposals can be drafted to use scheduling and time management software to keep the information safe. Weak password and authentic issues are also security concerns in this project. This can be dealt with by using two-factor authentication. This can protect the login even if the correct password is guessed or obtained. Also, it is recommended to change the passwords on a regular schedule and never use the same twice.
References
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Young, T.L., (2016). Successful project management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Appendix
Ethical Consideration
This has been considered as the most important part at the time of conducting this project with desired outcomes and benefits altogether. In this way, it has also been seen that at the time of conducting this project, all kinds of relevant laws, acts, legislation, and regulations have been followed with utmost effort and benefits. It has also been emphasized that is no such person is should not be forced to attend this project. In this way, a relevant consent form has also been filled up by those people at the same time. Apart from that, the Data Protection Act has also been followed to protect safe and secured data only for academic purposes, not for commercial purposes thereafter.
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