LD7160 : Managing Programmes and Projects Assignment Sample 2023
Assignment Part 1
Introduction
Project background
The “NHS’ Civilian IT Project” was developed in 2002 by The Department for Health of the UK in order to resolve issues and challenges in the health sector of the UK. The main aim of this project is to develop a digital culture in different health departments through that they are able to record data in electronic form and develop an “integrated IT system” between different departments.
Further, the government also wants to provide this system to a different community and hospital sectors though they are interconnected with each other and solve different types of health issues and queries. As opined by Kara, (2018), the government developed an IT website that consists of important data of patients that have treatment from the government.
That plays a significant role in treatment of patients as the government health sector has data of patients and starts treatment as soon as possible.
The NHS project has a cost of £10 billion that is invested to acquire different later technology as well as electric equipment that assist the health sector to solve technical issues and challenges among different levels. The health department UK has set a deadline to implement IT technology till 2005 in all health departments. As stated by Kairuz et al. (2020), nevertheless, the government has failed to do it. This is the first reason behind the failure of the project.
Further, the people of the UK have a backlash against government practice of data sharing with different private health sectors organisations. Nearly more than 1 million people are protesting against the “NHS’ Civilian IT Project”. As a result, the project became a failure due to protests of people and ineffective management.
PESTEL analysis
| Factors | Analysis | Impact |
| Political | Political factors of any country are important for the development of that country. As opined by Wajid and Zafar (2021), the political stability score of the UK government is “0.47 points” in 2020 and 0.08 in 2002 that must exist between -2.5 to +2.5. Furthermore, the UK is a democraticcountry. The current queen of UK is “ Elizabeth II” who is manage | The Political stability score of a country is better than any project of a development programme that may be completed in the country. Besides, Elizabeth II is a controlled government for the past few years. |
| Economical | The GDP of the UK in 2002 was 2.2% and 6.76% in 2021. Besides, the GDP value of the UK is “2.71 lakh cores USD” in 2021 and “1.78 lakh cores USD” in 2002. | The GDP of a country indicates that the government has sufficient financial resources to perform any project and programme Patil, (2018). Besides, the “GDP growth rate” is not better in 2002 when the project is implemented in the country. |
| Social | Social factors refer to population growth rate and total population of a country. Total population of the UK in 2002 was 5.94 cores and 6.72 cores in 2020. As stated by Guth et al. (2018), maximum people in the UK are educated and believe in hard work and improving knowledge. | The population of the country was not as big in 2002 as China and India. Thus the government easily implements the projects in the country. This factor is not the main issue to implement any project publicly or privately. The current population is improved as compared with the population of 2002. Nevertheless, till now it is not had a large population. |
| Technological | The UK already exists to consume the latest technology as well as develop technology. The health sector of the UK currently also observes patents with the support of digital assistance and technology. | This factor plays a supportive role for any project in the UK. Besides, the people of the country also have skills and knowledge to use any software as well as websites such as “government health sector websites”. |
| Ethical | The UK government is already developing the “human rights act 1998” that gives power to people of the country to protest against any policy of the government as well as private organisations. | The ethical consideration has affected the NHS project too much as the main reason behind failure of project is human protest that is considered under ethical consideration Fadziso, (2019). The people of the country are engaged in protests to consider their human rights against any unethical activities. |
| Legal | The “Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974” already exists in the UK. That’s the main objective to maintain and control illegal activities in the country. | The legal factors refer to any organisation not performing illegal activities that may affect the human wealth of the UK. These factors play a vital role in the failure of the project and the support of human’s protection. |
Table 1: PESTLE analysis
(Source: Patil, 2018)
Detailed Analysis of Management of Project
This project is developed by the government of the UK for enhanced performance of the health sector as well as the government’s reduced annual operating budget of the health sector. The “NHS’ Civilian IT Project” seems to have failed after 2005 when the forested progress in the project does not seem. The management of the project is responsible for the performance of the project and failure of the project due to several reasons.
As opined by Willumsen et al. (2019), any project must be developed through consideration of the impact of the project on different stakeholders of the project as well as the required investment of the project and after that return from the project.
The return may be in the form of financial value as well as better performance of organisation and sector in that project is implemented. The project manager should also consider the following elements of the project and the importance of the project for better performance and results of the project.
Elements of project
Needs of stakeholders: the success of any project is measured and depends on the needs of different stakeholders. The “NHS’ Civilian IT Project” is necessary for people and government of the UK in order to consume better facilities of health sector. This project is to boost the performance of the health sector and enable it to perform in a digital platform that is suitable for different patients who have less and small diseases and queries related to their illness.
On the other hand, this system also reduces the time consuming of different hospital sectors and doctors for the treatment of patients. As they already have brief data of any patents about different illnesses and surgery in the past. As stated by Muhuri and Shukla (2019), this element of any project is too necessary for the successful implementation of project.
This element also assists the project organiser to conduct the project in a systematic way that does not affect stockholders of the project. This element is successfully implemented in project management and different requirements of people are considered in project management.
Project objective and requirement: a project must consist of some objective for that project to be developed and implemented. As opined by Pace, (2019), the project objective plays a significant role in deciding the budget and timeline of the project. On the other hand, the requirement for performing a project must be considered by project management for proper maintenance of the project.
“The NHS’ Civilian IT Project” is implemented in the health sector to provide health services to every person of the country at minimum cost. Besides, the main objective of this project is to acquire the health data of every individual in the UK and store it in digital form at the health sector website. The project is performed with the latest technology and software for the government of the UK has provided a budget of 10 million.
That is the main requirement for the project. Besides, the government is required to consider the decisions and interests of the public to successfully implement projects in the health sector. These steps of the government may be to support the government to make a successful project. Nevertheless, UK government did not consider this element and thus the project failed in 2005.
The management of the project successfully applied their client in the project development process. That is noticed in the budget and different tools and equipment of the project.
Risk assessment: any project has some risks and benefits while developed and implemented in organisation as well as any specific sector. Nevertheless, the management is responsible for measuring the risks and different challenges to implement projects in that sector and organisation for which project is developed.
The NHS project of the UK government has some risks that are avoided by management of the project. As a result, the project failed through protests of people and different stakeholders of the project Abbaspour et al. (2018). The management of the NHS does not properly consider this element and gives importance to this element. Due to this reason, the “NHS project failed”.
Critical Evaluation of Management of Project
Business case of project
The “NHS’ Civilian IT Project” is developed to reduce the government’s total operating cost in health support and welfare. The project is divided in 2002 by the contemporary queen that’s the main objective is coordinate of different health sector of country thus the government not face any kind health management-related issue and problem. The timeline of the project is 2005 by the contemporary government.
Nevertheless, the project failed due to several public issues and protests against the project. Besides The government is facing massive protests and problems implementing different public and private organisations. As the people of the country are not supporting this project that is necessary for the success of the project. After i9t the project management is not effective for the implementation of the project.
Project organisation and governance
The project is organised by the government of the UK and the health sector. The project consists of nearly 10 million for performing different types of project planning and development related costs as well as the government. Besides, the project is also maintained by some private organisations that are involved to develop technology and software for the IT system in the project.
As stated by Trtílek and Hanák (2021), the structure of the project is developed in a digital format that is implemented in different IT programs of government as well as private health sectors. The main aim is to store data of different patients and p-provide them with a unique number. The unique number is the health identity for every patient.
Project governance refers to planning of projects and different possibilities of project implementation. Further different decisions and matrices for project validity are considered through project governance. This procedure decides the road map of the whole project thus the project governance must be effective and suitable for the project.
As the project is dependent on the support and cooperation of the public. It is necessary for project management and organiser that must be considered public interest in the project and conference for the side impact of the project. As opined by Adikari and Dalpatadu (2020), the government of the UK fails to consider different governance of project aiming then ethical consideration also exists.
Due to the mismanagement of the UK government, they are not convinced that the public is the main stakeholder of this project. As a result, the project is not properly supported by people and some government health sectors as the data of all patents are available on a digital website that is accessed by any private health organisation.
Figure 1: Project management
(Source: Zhang, 2020)
Project Definition, Planning and Scheduling
The project is mainly played by the UK health sector nevertheless it is executed by different government bodies as well as prove health sectors such as private technology and health sector. The project was mainly started in 2002 in order to perform all activities in health service and operation in digital platforms. As stated by Zhang, (2020), the timeline of the project is set in 2005 and till that period the project is implemented.
The government has set three phases to properly implement in the whole country. The first phase of the project involved developing effective IT software and registering all private and government organisations with NPfIT, which is a project of the UK health sector.
Besides, in the second phase, the government is taking action to register different stakeholder’s data such as patient records and health-related information. While in the third phase the government is implemented in the health sector to measure performance and rectify some errors.
Stakeholder & Project Communications Management
Stakeholders refer to different participants and interest holders in a project. In the NHS project patients and different health, sectors are the main participants in the project. The main reason behind the failure of the project is the protest of the main stakeholders of the project.
As opined by Abbaspour et al. (2018), thus project management must consider risks for not supporting any stakeholder of the project. On the other hand, the management is also considered an effective communication mode thus the sauces and performance of the project are improved. Effective communication tools refer to digital assistance for managing managerial tasks and developing digital platforms for projects.
Project Risk, Opportunity, and Issue Management
Project risk consists of the chance of project failure and different reasons for failure of project. That is not effectively considered by project management and members of the project. On the other hand, any project is developed in order to acquire opportunities that may improve the performance of that elector for which the project is developed Riis and Hellström (2019).
Here the main opportunity for project development is to assist health infrastructure with digital assistance. Issue of management refers to different challenges that stop the progress of a project. The NHS project is facing public protest as the main issue in management.
Project Contracts & Cost Management
Project contracts mainly indicate those organisations which are involved to maintain different operations and activities of the project. The NHS project is mainly mentioned by the health sector of the UK government. As argued by Musawir and Abd, (2020), the actual cost of the project is 10 million. The cost management of the project is effective and develops a suitable cost for the project.
Project Resource & Quality Management
The quality of any project is mainly dependent on different resources used to develop projects as well as implement them. The financial resource is most significant among different resources as the quality of other resources is dependent on the financial resource of the project. The financial resources of the NHS project are better and that indicates that other resources of the project are also effective.
Project Handover & Closeout
Project handover refers to compilation of a project and stakeholders may take benefit from the project. As opined by Oliveiraand and Rabechini (2019), this stage is also important for project management as the performance of the project is measured and different issues and mistakes are automatically identified.
The government of the UK has failed to close out the project as people of the UK protested against the project and demanded not sharing people’s day with the private health sector.
Observations, Lessons Learned and Conclusions
Observations
The whole study paper consists of the analysis of project performance and implementation in different departments for which the project was developed. It is observed from detailed analysis and critical evaluation of project management that the NHS project of the UK government considers all elements and the importance of elements.
As opined by AlMunifi and Almutairi (2021), nevertheless the management of the project has failed to critically evaluate the risk management of the whole project as a result the project has failed in the final stage and not delivered or closed out publicly. On the other hand, it is also observed that the intensity of the actual stockholder must be considered by project management while they want to develop the project and successfully close out the project.
Finally, it is observed that the project is developing some ethical and legal issues in terms of sharing data of large numbers of patients. That is the main issue and due to this ethical issue, the health sector of the UK failed to successfully close out the project.
Lessons Learned
Lessons learned refers to different factors that are learned from this project and implemented in future projects thus the performance and success ability of the project may be improved. The first lesson is that the project planning of NPfIT is too critical.
As opined by Abyad, (2019), this project is developed to consider different stakeholders such as the public, different health sectors and financial partners of health sectors. The second lesson is a project’s IT strategy must be suitable to meet users’ needs that do not exist in this project planning. Besides, the culture of the project must be considered by project management. Further, the stakeholders must be required to engage in the project development process.
Recommendation
The UK health sector should consider the following recommendation that may be supported to improve the success and performance of project management.
- The project manager should be required to consider the impact of the project and interest of project that is necessary for risk analysis of project. As stated by Sakal et al. (2021), further the project must be noticed by participants of stakeholders in the project that access management to identify issues in the project.
- The management is required to consider the interest of actual participants and stakeholders of the project. This step of project management is an avoid protests against the project.
Conclusion
This study paper consists of critical evolution of project management and different elements of project management. That plays a significant role in the analysis of performance of projects and the needs of projects to stakeholders.
Project governance and project scheduling maintenance are necessary for any project for successful completion and handover. Further, the performance of the project is measured after the closeout of project stakeholder engagement. Thus any project management needs to consider actual benefits to stakeholders for pepper implementation in sectors and organisations.
Assignment 2
In the case of the project management process, a Govt. has to maintain multiple things to achieve success in their project. In the case of, The NHS’ Civilian IT Project, UK, there are certain issues that have been faced by the Govt. The project team have to make the proper planning process and strategically development process to guide their employees to allot their roles and responsibilities in such project. In his assessment, the challenges of this IT-based project has been mentioned.
Challenges faced in completing this project
Financial issue
In this project, the Govt. has faced financial issues to complete this project in the meantime. In the case of completing the project, the Govt. should have a proper financial background to get the necessary raw materials and support their employees with advanced technologies.
The financial stability of the Govt. to develop an effective planning process to maintain the budget of the project as well as it will help the Govt. to improve their boring procedure. Other than this, the financial issue creates hurdles for the company to run their business effectively and the Govt. are unable to use their technologies effectively (Pandey et al. 2020).
Therefore, the project cost more than £10 billion to fulfil the aspects of this project but after 9 years this project got failed.
Untrained employees
Employees are one of the most important parts to complete a project and maintain the quality of the project. There are some employees who are not able to perform a task and the management team have to provide training and development sessions to improve their employee performance (Ghalawat et al. 2020).
This process takes much time and increases the extra expenses of the Govt. Other than this, untrained employees increase the percentage of waste materials in this project that is why the project management team face issues in case of maintaining the quality of the project.
Technical issue
In this modern world, advanced technology is the prime demand of most organisations. In this case, the project management team should also have a dedicated technical team who will help the Govt. to improve their implementation of those technologies. However, here are some employees who are unable to use hose technologies at their maximum potential for which working procedure of the project got delayed and the Govt. has to bear with some extra expenses due to power supply to those technologies.
However, there are some errors that have been found and the technical team has much time to resolve these issues (Gipson Rankin, 2021). It affects the working infrastructure of this project and a project team may face issues as the maintenance cost is high of those technologies.
On the contrary, this advanced technology also provides several advanced in case of completing this IT project as it helps to set the budget of the project and help the management team to understand the possible risk factors and other changes related to this project.
Legal issues
The project team have to look after the rules and regulations of the nation that help the team to perform its task effectively. However, this project has some issues in this scenario for which there is a massive all-out in case of completing this project (Fulmer, 2019). Apart from this, the Govt. has to disband this project due to some technical issues and contractual wrangling. As a result, this project has been failed.
Stakeholder related issue
Figure 1: Stakeholders of a company
(Source: Mevlja and Kavčič, 2019)
In the case of completing a project, an organisation has to maintain a proper relationship with its stakeholders. There are managers, employees, Govt. and customers and the project team have to get their support to get advantages in case of competing their project.
The support of the stakeholders helps the project team to improve their performance and the financial support help them to mitigate the issues and risk factor of the project (Mevlja and Kavčič, 2019). This is one of the most important or the project management team is unable to use their complete this project and have a huge cost on this project. However, the management team have to develop the proper strategy to maintain the demand of house stakeholders and
Personal experience
According to my experience, there are certain issues that need to be solved in case of completing the project. The project management team have to use Blockchain technology in their working procedure by which they are able to get the necessary raw materials and other equipment in case of completing this project (Kim and Shin, 2019).
Other than this, blockchain technology also helps the project team minimise the cost of the project and they are abal to implement it in other areas to maintain the quality of the project. Therefore, the research and development team of an organisation has to collect data and information about their stakeholders by which the project team are able to recognise their preferred investors.
In this scenario, the team should implement a big data analysis process by which they are able to fulfil their aspects in the meantime (Oncioiuet al. 2019). Therefore, the project has to implement experienced employees in such a project that has a fixed budget. Experienced employees help to utilise those advanced technologies at their maximum potential.
Other than this, experienced employees mitigate the issues and of having high waste materials cost and the project team is able to implement it to get high quality based raw materials. The project manager has to maintain proper relations with their employees and motivate them o improve their performance in his project.
As a result, they look over their self-development proces by which they are abal to improve their skillset and knowledge to fulfil the goals of the project (Pamecha and Shah, 2020). Other than this, I have faced some issues in the case of fencing the data n information about this project as there are several kinds of information present on different websites. In this scenario, I have to conduct a proper research proces to get authentic information about his project.
Reference
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