M-BE267 International Business Environment Assignment Sample

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GLOBALIZATION THAT RISE POPULISM

1. Introduction

Collective culture, economy, the population cannot be replaced or beaten by any politics. Realizing this concept, most of the countries embrace Globalization over any modern thinking as the growth of interdependence looks up by many countries. Its trading channel for goods and people can easily be made with Globalisation and the movement across borders easily generated by the countries who are a part of globalization. This facility increases the population of globalization in many countries for which, the statement “Globalization gives rise to populism” is quite justified. Moreover, a strong Global competition simply fires up the production process of any company which includes flexibility and elasticity of the products. Companies intend to produce a large variety of products just to give strong competition to the rivalries. As a result, the consumer tests the pleasure to deal with diverse options to purchase. Due to globalization consumers achieve a delicate opportunity to purchase low-cost quality products. This is also a reason for which globalization becomes more popular among consumers also. Besides all these reasons, the most exclusive facility that a consumer can get due to globalization is a low-cost option. In this essay, an elaborative analysis will be included for a better understanding of the concept of globalization and the reason for populism also by collecting several pieces of information from different sources.

2. Main body 

2.1. Concept of Globalization

Nowadays Globalization is a major discussed thing as it is capable of providing independence and creativity in an organization and in the country as well. It is basically the upgrading system of any industry. This globalization directly handles the economy of that industry which trends to globalize. According to Ozer, et al. (2017) stated that Globalization is mainly the process to interact with other religions and cultures. When a person can easily accept another culture and give that respect to that culture then it is considered as true globalization of that country. It can be said that globalization is a process of spreading new technology, culture, new job scopes, and other things in other places (Haseeb, et al. 2019). When all the cultures and religions spread without any barriers then it is called true globalization.

2.2 Impact of Globalization on society

A significant Rapid change is associated with globalization in the present atmosphere of the economy because humans are mostly affected by it. Globalization undergoing modernization to enhance its influence over developing countries which need to be renovated. In this section, the impact of globalization on society will be discussed for the betterment of knowledge.

2.2.1 Standard living

When a country is properly globalized in every segment it is easy to upgrade its standard of living for the people. Because when a country achieves the tag of properly globalizing then the materials which help to upgrade the living style can be obtained at a very low cost. In that case, the people of that country can easily purchase the products. Zerrin, and Dumrul, (2018). mentioned that luxurious and fancy products can easily update the living style of the people it can easily be achieved by the countryman. On the other hand, when the living style is upgraded by the people of a particular area then the people of other areas want to use this kind of product to show that luxury. This increased demand automatically updated the living style. Also this luxurious feel of lifestyle omitted poverty in real life. When a person is capable enough to buy a luxurious product at a low cost it is poverty because the people of that globalized area use high-quality products and stay sophisticatedly on a low budget that updates the class of the people who are living in that area. The topic which is the main criteria of this project is the reason for the populism of globalization is an upgraded living style for standard living style because everyone wanted to stay sophisticated and have those classes in the living style. Globalization is capable enough to provide that dream lifestyle to every person that’s why globalization gets that popularity in several areas (Hassan et al. 2020).

2.2.2 Build open market

The advantage of globalization is that a structural trade channel has been established among the Nations for commencing its supply chain that will be connected at the global level, and besides this legal permission to use natural resources cannot be compared. Kharazishvili, et al (2020) stated that the open market built by modern countries for developing countries seems to be healthy for economic growth and this factor also decreases the poverty rate. Moreover, developing countries get licenses to make a trade channel with developed dominating countries which spread a positive impact on society. The difference between a developing country and a developed country can be decreased with globalization and the old style of behaving like monarch and servant has also been eliminated by modernization. The artificial differentiation between Nations was automatically destroyed with the increase of globalization. So that people of developing countries are more likely to take in the concept of globalization in the present time. It is a positive sign of a society that old thinking and mentalities are not being nurtured and brought up by common proper.

2.2.3 Modernization

After getting that updated living style the people of rural areas tend to go to the urban area to help them to accept a modernized society (Talhelm. and English, 2020).  Nowadays all of the people are known as modern people, in that case, the rural areas try to accept the modern version of the society in that area which is the reason for perfect globalization. For providing that modern society in every segment of the country globalization gets that popularity among all. Sometimes the people of rural areas try to accept the culture and the living style of urban areas. In that case, globalization helps them to achieve that desired lifestyle.

All these three impacts of globalization on society help to get that popularity of the society. Because all of these impacts can only be achieved after a perfect globalized country. The modernization of society, the updated lifestyle and lastly building an open market is the true sign of globalization.

 2.3 Relation between globalization and Populism

The word ‘ Populism” means rising the political environment that is closely related with the concept of globalization. Globalization has helped to enrich the world economy by promoting the division of labour and specialization. Along with that, it has also instigated the rise of “social and economic insecurity” (Milner, 2019) . The globalization also creates the inequality in earning and cultural backlash, which provokes intolerance as well as xenophobia. There are mainly 2 phases of globalization such as (1870-1914) and (1914- present) that will be analyzed in this essay to evaluate the reasons, consequences of the globalization that has fuelled the rise of populism. However, populism is the result of the current economic and social insecurities, but this is not prone to providing sustainable and long term solutions (Milner, 2019) .

the globalization helps  to bring down the barrier of global trade. It has also come up with stringent foreign policy through international monetary funds, world trade organizations, and the United Nations (Cox, 2017).  The ongoing wave of the globalization helps to enrich the transportation system, capital mobility, and workforce, but it has also given cultural backlash and income equality. Several factors such as financial crisis, immigration, “perception of the corruption, income inequality that instigate a rise in populism.

 In the era of the 1930s, some political movements such as the movement of Europe, the movement of Latin America were the main consequences of the political movement. In present days, there are some ring wing parties  such as Reassembled national belonging from France,  Germany’s Far Deutschland, FIdesz, lega Nord  and  some left wing parties such as  Spain’s podemos,Greece’s Syriz , La France indoumiz  that are the consequences of the rise of populism in the world. However, globalization has created several job opportunities for the employees, but they do not get proper wages for giving their labour (Essletzbichler et al. 2018). Most of the firm give threats to the employees to leave the country or to take the help of outsourcing for the work. Outsourcing is helpful for the industrialists as they could have done their work within low wages, but this is also very problematic to the workers living in that country. They cannot have their desirable payment and also job opportunities are  brought down by implementing outsourcing (Research gate, 2020).

 As per the view of Cox, (2017), this inequality in income, bureaucracy and corruption from the industrialists have instigated the workers to be rebellious and protest for their rights. As a result, a labour trade union has been established to take care of the rights of the workers. Apart from the share of the labor, there is also an important point that should be taken into consideration i.e Gini coefficient (Essletzbichler et al. 2018). This is very important term can help to analyze the consequences of the financial globalization. However, financial globalization has instigated the inequality in income, the trade globalization also given the chances to bring down the inequality in income.

There are also one of the negative impact of the globalization that is the cultural barrier. However, globalization gives chances to bring dien the cultural diversity, but the intolerance and Xenophobia are still evident in this time. If the cultural barrier is eliminated, the GDP could rise from 6% to 145%. The cultural backlash is the negative consequences of the globalization, where migrants are harassed by others due to their cultural and religious diversity. In US, the heinous effect of the cultural diversity has been found as brown people are  harassed for their different ethnicity and cultural diversity.

 2. 4 Consequences of populism

There are mainly two sides of populism. The positive impact talks about contemporary Europe, where the populist radical left and right wing parties  encourage the political actor to take the responsibility and maintain the equal rights of the people. However,  this has also a negative impact in such countries where the political situation is not stable. Countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Turkey are the main examples where the political parties are not so responsive to take care of the rights of the people. In fact, the increasing debt and hyperinflation of Latin America depict that, populism does not play any role in mitigating social and economic insecurity (Bronk and Jacoby, 2020). There are mixed impacts regarding the population, but this populism is evident from Europe to the US. The Populism is fueled by the globalization to protect the rights of the people and maintain the democracy.

Conclusion

In this essay, the outcome of globalization in order to rise the Populism is critically analysed with the implementation of several facts such as the concept of globalization, impact of globalization, positive and negative aspects of globalization. The main body revolves around the impact of globalization that has helped to fuel Populism. In this essay, this has been been identified that, world economy has been enriched with so many factors such as cognitive technologies, improved trade, improved workforce and the transportation system. There are also one of the major fact that can be taken into consideration is “capital mobility”. Globalization comes with providing opportunities to globalize the economy. This globalization comes up with many opportunities such as spreading the technology, giving chances to new talents and new markets, managing the immigration if the employees. However, globalization also affects the populist, by giving the opportunity, providing nationalism and protectionism as an alternative method to the economic globalization. Globalization and populism are mainly interconnected as this gives a opportunity to rise the populist movement and particularly helped to rise the movement of right wing king. The populism mainly focuses on the two negative aspects of the globalization. The aspects are inequality in income and cultural diversity. However, there are several positive and negative consequences of the populism, but this plays an integral part in this era of globalization.

4. Reference list

Bronk, R. and Jacoby, W., 2020. The epistemics of populism and the politics of uncertainty. Available at SSRN 3539587.

Cox, M., 2017. The rise of populism and the crisis of globalization: Brexit, Trump and beyond. Irish Studies in International Affairs, 28, pp.9-17.

Essletzbichler, J., Disslbacher, F. and Moser, M., 2018. The victims of neoliberal globalization and the rise of the populist vote: a comparative analysis of three recent electoral decisions. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 11(1), pp.73-94.

Gordon, I.R., 2018. In what sense left behind by globalization? Looking for a less reductionist geography of the populist surge in Europe. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 11(1), pp.95-113.

Haseeb, A., Xia, E., Saud, S., Ahmad, A. and Khurshid, H., 2019. Does information and communication technologies improve environmental quality in the era of globalization? An empirical analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(9), pp.8594-8608.

Hassan, M.S., Bukhari, S. and Arshed, N., 2020. Competitiveness, governance and globalization: What matters for poverty alleviation?. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(4), pp.3491-3518.

Kharazishvili, Y., Kwilinski, A., Grishnova, O. and Dzwigol, H., 2020. Social Safety of Society for Developing Countries to Meet Sustainable Development Standards: Indicators, Level, Strategic Benchmarks (with Calculations Based on the Case Study of Ukraine). Sustainability, 12(21), p.8953.

Milner, H.V., 2019. Globalization, populism and the decline of the welfare state. Survival, 61(2), pp.91-96.

Ozer, S., Bertelsen, P., Singla, R. and Schwartz, S.J., 2017. “Grab Your Culture and Walk with the Global” Ladakhi Students’ Negotiation of Cultural Identity in the Context of Globalization-Based Acculturation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(3), pp.294-318.

 Research gate, (2020) retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333298292_Globalization_and_Populism

Talhelm, T. and English, A.S., 2020. Historically rice-farming societies have tighter social norms in China and worldwide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(33), pp.19816-19824.

Zerrin, K. and Dumrul, Y., 2018. The impact of globalization on economic growth: empirical evidence from the Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(5), p.115.