MSc Management PROJECT MANAGEMENT ESSENTIALS Assignment Sample
Introduction
Incorporation of project management is important so that necessary actions associated with the project are able to be conducted properly. Without effective conduction of project management, it is not possible to handle all activities efficiently.
Planning and process are two vital parts within a project management therefore without imposing planning, process it is impossible to complete the project within the required timeline. Furthermore, a proper budget associated with project management is also required so that they are able to attain success. Improper financial management also deprives a project from reaching success.
A skilled project manager has to be assigned so that project manager is able to through monitor all activities related to the project and attain success within the project. In this study, all aspects associated with project manager and project works are reflected regarding working of projects related to Hull city.
Task 1 – The Project Manager
Needed skills of project managers of Smart City OS project
Different skills of project managers often are essential for managing effective Smart City OS projects. As per the views of Ferraris et al. (2019), effective ability of planning can be the main skill of project managers in managing Smart City OS projects. Significant planning of entire work of smart city development can be executed in an efficient way.
Therefore, due to the effective planning ability of project manager within Smart City Hull can help in bringing major success in this project. This skill further can enable the project managers within this smart city project in developing proper decision-making skills. Decision making skills of these project managers can have the capability of prohibiting time and budget related mishandling.
Other than this, decision making and planning ability of project managers of this smart city project can assist this OS project in identifying most important risk management strategies. In relation to this, it has the important contribution in increasing success factors of this smart city project of Hull.
As per the realistic context of Manchester smart city project, it has been discovered that project managers of this smart city development had the skills of conflict management, workforce motivation and flexibility skills.
However, project managers of this smart city faced problems due to inability to develop proper decision and supervision skills (SMART CITIES WORLD, 2018).http://MSc Management PROJECT MANAGEMENT ESSENTIALS Assignment Sample In this account, it has been discovered that Manchester smart city project has faced major complications like improper budget management and multiple disruptions in work.
Therefore, these project managers are needed to develop effective supervision skills along with planning and decision-making skills. Based on the analysis of Shamim (2022), proper supervision skills can help project managers in regulating working quality of workforces. In relation to this, effective supervision skills of project managers can have the probability of increasing quality of the smart city development in Hull.
Furthermore, from the observation of Manchester Smart City, it has been found that project managers of this OS project of Hull also can implement conflict management, workforce motivation and flexibility skills. Proper conflict management skills can help in ensuring smooth processing of OS projects.
On the other hand, workforce motivation can assist increasing efficiency and productivity within employees. Other than this, flexibility skills can develop a high rate of management within this smart city project regarding the working modifications. As per the views of Obradović et al. (2018), flexibility skills can help projects in gaining major sustainability in projects by managing changes.
In compliance with this, these skills can be beneficial for these project managers. Other than this, effective communication skills also are important for understanding problems of workforces and encouraging them in collaborative working. Taking these into account, it has been acknowledged that these skills of project managers can help in increasing success ability of this smart city OS project of Hull.
Possible actions of that project managers to develop these skills
There are some possible actions that can be implemented by project managers of Smart City OS projects within Hull for developing these required skills. Firstly, training and seminars can be beneficial for gaining a high range of achievement of skills.
As asserted by Gupta and Agarwal (2018), training is the most important action and development which can help in developing proper ability and skills within people. Thus, training can help these project managers in gaining a huge rate of skills related to problem solving, analytical thinking and flexibility skills.
Other than this, project managers of Manchester Smart City can be able to enhance their skills and that’s related knowledge with the help of training.
Apart from that, project managers can develop proper practice for developing some major areas of skills. For example, communication skills can be developed among these project managers by practising with others in an effective way.
As determined by van der Vleuten et al. (2019), communication skills can be increased within people by majorly interacting and communicating with others for mitigating introversion ability.
Other than this, decision making skills and supervision skills can be developed by practising it. Decision making skills are needed practice on the basis of analytical thinking. Thus, project managers of hull OS projects can develop decision making skills by practising it on the perspectives of analytical thinking skills, which is needed to develop by taking training.
Task 2 – Problem Solving & Decision Making
Identification of relevant stakeholders
| Stakeholder | Interest | Responsibilities | Impact |
| Government | Keep Informed | It has its responsibilities in sanctioning investments and different plans for smart cities. | It has the impact in increasing quality of this smart city OS project in Hull. |
| Financial suppliers | Keep into account | Responsibility of them is managing finance which is provided to different suppliers. | They have the impact of gaining smooth procurement and delivery in this project. |
| ICT representatives | Manage closely | It ensures proper communication and information within smart city project of Hull. | Smart city project can develop proper and smooth collaborative working. |
| Policy makers | Manage closely | They can develop beneficial policies for this smart city OS project so that it cannot face disruptions in work. | It has the impact of having effective working and time management within this smart city project. |
| Workers | Meet the needs | They would operate the whole work of construction as well as other required actions within this project. | It can have the impact of increasing the quality and efficiency of this OS project along with the productivity. |
| Technicians | Keep into account | They can develop major technology related work and instrumental work within smart city project of hull. | It can increase the innovation and advancements in this smart city project. |
| Project managers | Keep informed | They supervise and monitor the project. | It can mitigate mishandling of resources. |
| Data collectors | Manage closely | They manage information by accumulating. | It can enhance smoothness of work processing. |
| Administrators | Keep informed | They often are getting informed regarding project progress. | It can enhance project quality by taking proper decisions. |
| Citizens | Meet the needs | They can be satisfied by gaining their demands. | It can increase profitability of smart city development. |
Table 1: Stakeholders’ Identification
(Source: Created by Author)
Concerned stakeholders of this Smart City OS project of Hull are data collectors, project managers, technicians, workers, policy makers, ICT representatives, financial suppliers, Government, administrators and citizens.
As included by Derakhshan et al. (2019), stakeholders’ involvements often are beneficial within project management for executing complete projects with sustaining working quality. In accordance with this, this OS project management has selected its concerned stakeholders for taking most suitable decisions by identifying their demands.
In case of smart city OS project, Hull, this can be benefited by maintaining demand meeting them for ensuring stable working within this project. As per the terms of Manchester smart city project, this project has acquired a huge success in meeting their demands. In this aspect, Manchester Smart city project has been able to complete this project within two years by having a budget of £49 million (IOT NEWS, 2018).http://MSc Management PROJECT MANAGEMENT ESSENTIALS Assignment Sample
In this context, it has been discovered that determination regarding the demands of stakeholders often is essential within projects for taking most appropriate decisions. Therefore, these can guide these project managers of Hull smart city project in developing most significant project management.
However, it is acknowledged that this smart city project can use and develop the identification of stakeholders’ demands by using different frameworks, tools and techniques for instance stakeholder influence map. This further can assist in determining power of stakeholders along with information sharing within this smart city of OS project in hull.
Stakeholder Influence Map for Smart City OS project
| Level of Interest Stakeholders | Influence or Power of Stakeholders |
| Keep Informed
Government |
Manage Closely
ICT representatives |
| Keep into account
Financial suppliers |
Meet the needs
Citizens |
Table 2: Stakeholder Influence Map for Smart City OS project
(Source: Created by Author)
Stakeholder influence map is the most important framework or tool which can be used for understanding the needs and demands of stakeholders. Apart from that, taking proper decisions with reference to restrictions in information sharing as well as power of stakeholders can be managed.
As involved by Tampio et al. (2022), stakeholder influence map majorly is utilised within projects for managing information sharing within key stakeholders. In this context, they can be able to gain adequate project related information by securing this project. In compliance with this, Hull smart city project can take help from stakeholder influence maps by eliminating complications of stakeholder related disagreements with the project governance due to inadequate information sharing.
Other than this, information management and restriction also can be developed in this hull smart city project by using this influence map of stakeholders. In this account, information security can be maintained in an effective way. In this result, project managers can mitigate the problems of data leaking within this smart city project of Hull.
Other than this, as mentioned by Dziadkiewicz et al. (2022), a huge number of stakeholders can be maintained by project management teams by developing healthy relationships with them. It has been evident that Manchester smart city has acquired a huge amount of success in taking most suitable decisions by using this stakeholder influence map (I LOVE MANCHESTER, 2021).http://MSc Management PROJECT MANAGEMENT ESSENTIALS Assignment Sample In this aspect, this smart city can be able to develop major success by using this stakeholder influence map by managing information and taking required decisions.
Justification of most important stakeholders
Identification of stakeholders, meeting their needs through stakeholder influence map and information management related discussions have depicted that smart city OS project of Hull can be beneficial by using these.
However, selected stakeholders by this project, which are data collectors, project managers, technicians, workers, policy makers, ICT representatives, financial suppliers, Government, administrators and citizens, are suitable for this project.
These stakeholders have the impacts of increasing working quality within this smart city project along with managing time, budget and advanced technologies. Therefore, they are most appropriate stakeholders for this smart city project.
Task 3 – The Project Triangle
Significance of project triangle parameters
Figure 1: Project Triangle Framework
(Source: Influenced by Meredith and Zwikael, 2020)
Project Triangle parameters can be effective for this smart city project of hull city as it can increase the project success ability. As identified by Meredith and Zwikael (2020), project triangle is an advantageous tool or framework for project managers for increasing the efficiency and quality within a project.
As per the context of Manchester Smart city project, smart city project of Hull has taken three parameters into consideration like time, cost and scope management.
Cost management is the most important factor within the project management. As described by Thesing et al. (2021), cost management can help projects in managing budget in an effective way and thereby increments of quality in project outcomes. Therefore, this is important in this hull city smart project.
On the other hand, time management further can be an essential factor within this project as it can help in completing this within scheduled time by managing utilisation of resources.
As opined by Uoenes Mohamed Abd El-Rahman et al. (2021), time management can help projects in gaining most smooth progress without enhancing budget and reducing transparency of information. In this account, this smart city project can use this management for gaining a high rate of benefits of high quality and efficiency in project outcomes.
Furthermore, scope management also can be one of the most crucial success indicators or parameters for this smart city project of Hull. Scope management can assist in gaining most effective significance to project governance by conducting this project.
Henceforth, it can be asserted that these three key parameters of this project are inter-related with each other. Firstly, proper time management ensures the cost management whereas significant time management and budget management can bring scope management in an appropriate way in this project.
Possible modifications of this project can have impacts of disrupting the work of this project. However, it can be managed in this smart city project of Hull by developing effective flexibility skills among different employees along with the project managers. Henceforth this smart city OS project of Hull can gain a high range of success like Manchester Smart City project.
Task 4 – Managing Finances
Required resources
| Project activities | Amount |
| Installing fastest services for broadband | £ 15000 |
| Management of traffic | £ 45000 |
| Effective decision-making and data sharing | £ 10000 |
| Improving transportation | £ 30000 |
| Gathering raw material required for construction in hull city | £ 20000 |
| Energy supplies | £ 25000 |
| Technological equipment | £ 20000 |
| Human capitals such as employees | £ 5000 |
| Total | £ 170000 |
Table 3: Budget for required resources
(Sources: Created by Author)
Financial management is a crucial part of Project Management (PM) execution for project managers. It includes processes such as “planning, organisation, directing and controlling” different financial processes, which provide project managers better utilisation of resources for executing a project.
Project managers are usually responsible for doing finance activities during a project to increase effectiveness to meet shareholders and stakeholder needs by effectively completing the project. One of the necessary financial activities in “Hull city” project is developing a budget.
As stated by Kwon and Kang (2019), budget refers to estimation of future projects that are going to happen. During a PM, a budget can be re-evaluated depending on situation and resources availability. According to case study, it has been found out that the “Hull city” project has focused on improving transportation within the city. Improving transportation, project managers are focused on reducing traffic congestion within city roads.
Project manager has used “Siemens stratus platform” for effective traffic management in “Hull city”. Having a budget has assisted the project manager to include many platforms around the city for reducing traffic congestion.
Cost Estimation plan and techniques
“Bottom-up cost estimation Method”
Figure 2: Bottom-up cost estimation Method
(Sources: Influenced by Carolus et al. 2018)
Estimating the cost of executing a project is an important part of a project manager’s job to achieve higher effectiveness. Executing projects such as smart city required a higher amount of budget for managers. Therefore, having effective cost estimation techniques are necessary in PM.
having a particular technique would improve cost estimation to achieve accurate data about cost allocation. As reported by Carolus et al. (2018), bottom-up cost estimation technique is one of the effective processes for project managers to complete projects in the lowest possible way.
Cost estimation provides project managers assistance for maintaining cost in different areas of project. Therefore, managers were able to distribute resources in different activities to achieve higher quality execution in a project. In case of “Hull City”, bottom-up cost estimation would assist in making decisions whether the project is going to be profitable or not for stakeholders and shareholders. Smart city project in “Hull City” considered as effective and value return project for stakeholders and shareholders. In this context, this method would provide benefits for managers for gathering required investment to achieve an adequate amount of resources for making city smart and improving quality of life.
Analogous Estimation method
“Analogous Estimation method” is another cost estimation technique which is usually used in PM for higher effectiveness. As followed by Heldman (2018), it is a technique which usually takes information from similar types of projects to estimate a cost, which is based on available data.
During this cost estimation process, it is required to include experts’ judgement for establishing reuse of data for estimation. For instance, Analogous estimation takes information from Manchester smart city project for estimating cost for “Hull city”.
In these techniques, managers were able to get close and accurate assumptions about the cost that were going to be required. Therefore, they are able to approach stakeholders, shareholders and investors for investment in this project to achieve higher profitability.
Comparison between “Bottom-up cost estimation Method” and Analogous Estimation method
During financial management of a project, managers are required to highlight project profitability. Bottom-up cost estimation method would provide managers the effectiveness in having a clear goal and financial management. This assists managers to access resources to improve budgeting processes.
Apart from this, Analogous cost estimation provides better accuracy compared to “bottom-up cost estimation” in critical and complex projects. Smart city project execution in “Hull city” required to ensure better quality life for citizens and visitors through this project.
In this project, managers have focus on implementation technology all over the city, which would make the city digitally advance. In this project, manager has proceeded with the Analogous estimating process because it is able to provide accurate cost estimation by using data from similar smart city project.
Task 5 – Risk Management within the Project
Risk analysis with risk register within Smart City OS project
| Risks | Impact | Likelihood | Severity | Strategies for mitigation | Responsible person |
| Increasing cost of technologies that are going to be used in smart city project | 3 | 3 | 9 | “Hull City” project required different modern technology to make the city smart. In recent times, technology has cost very high because of market conditions and the effective facilities that it provides. All technology that going to use in this project, managers is required to have an effective budget to purchase. As reported by Halou et al. (2019), mitigating this problem, managers are required to engage with shareholders, stakeholders and investors and convince them to invest in projects to achieve a higher budget for technological implementation. | Shareholders, investors, internal and external shareholders |
| Uncertain hazard risk | 4 | 1 | 4 | Hazard risks are very critical for project managers because it creates a higher impact on ongoing projects financially. Some of the hazard risk for project management is earthquakes, heavy rain and storms. Mitigating this risk managers were required to prepare beforehand and provide guidance to worker about handling damages that happen during environmental hazards. | Workers and project managers. |
| Difficulty in providing broadband services every place in “Hull City” | 2 | 2 | 4 | One of the objectives of the “Hull City” project is to provide citizens from the city higher speed broadband services all over the city so everyone can access. In this case, managers were required to collaborate with more than two or three broadband service providers to provide services in different places in the city without complexity. Different service providers are able to provide their services to a particular area so less complication would occur in broadband services. | Hull City broadband service providers |
| Unable to maintain legislation while executing project management | 3 | 2 | 6 | Executing project managers were required to maintain government legislation to achieve better effectiveness with any complexities. In “Hull City” project, managers were required to identify legislation that they were required to follow in “Hull City”. Maintaining legislation assists projects to reduce complexities and achieve quality life for citizens. | Project managers |
| Challenge in maintaining efficiency and productivity in workers. | 5 | 4 | 20 | Executing a project, worker efficiency and productivity plays an important role. As reported by Ekung et al. (2020), project managers are required to focus on maintaining productivity by providing workers necessary resources and environment. Moreover, managers are also required to provide guidance to worker so they able to get better idea about their work to achieve higher efficiency. | Project managers |
| Smart technology availability in market, which create impact on the flow of projects | 5 | 2 | 10 | “Hull city” project is totally based on smart technology implementation all over the city. Therefore, to mitigate this risk project managers are required to purchase smart technologies from suppliers in bulk when it is available in market. In this case, a continuous flow of project maintains and they able to meet deadlines for this project | Project managers and suppliers |
| Unable to schedule task d | 1 | 2 | 2 | Scheduling tasks is a necessary process in project management. Mitigating scheduling problems in “Hull City problem” managers are required to schedule every task in a smart city project beforehand. Scheduling would assist them in transition from one task to another. | Project managers |
| Language barrier between workers and mangers | 3 | 4 | 12 | Language barriers are a common risk for project managers while executing projects in different cities (Stryker, 2018). Reducing language berries project managers were required to use common language, which everyone can understand easily. | Project managers |
| Insufficient resources | 5 | 2 | 10 | Completing a project such as smart city, managers are required to have higher availability of resources to provide profitability for stakeholder and shareholders. Achieving sufficient resources, manager required to engage with supplier who would provide necessary resource to managers with an effective pricing | Suppliers |
| Lack of technological knowledge’s | 4 | 4 | 16 | To improve technological knowledge in “Hull city” project, managers are required to recruit workers who have higher technological knowledge to operate smart technology easily. IT workers would improve their efficiency to install smart technologies such as broadband services. | Project manager |
Table 4: Risk analysis with risk register
(Sources: Created by Author)
Task 6 – Conflicts and Negotiation
Culture conflicts in project management
Project managers were to face cultural conflicts while executing any project. Managers recruit workers who belong to different cultures, which is the main reason behind increasing cultural conflicts in PM. It is necessary for project managers to have higher amount of human capital who can work productively to achieve deadlines for a PM.
As mentioned by Liu et al. (2020), recruiting workers from different cultures creates a diverse team in PM. Creating diverse teams in PM provides higher efficiency compared to normal teams. Diverse teams include workers from different educational and cultural backgrounds.
In this context, these teams would be able to provide higher benefits in executing the “Hull City” project. Availability of “RADPAC” model of negotiation would provide managers an opportunity to effectively manage teams by reducing cultural conflicts. Reducing cultural conflict would assist workers to share data and decision-making about the “Hull City” project. However, having higher cultural conflict during execution of “Hull City” project would affect employee disagreement and slow execution.
Language conflicts
Availability of cultural conflicts means there are high chances of availability of language conflicts. “Hull City” project required higher technological knowledge their managers were required to include workers from other countries who have higher technological knowledge.
As mentioned by Alvarenga et al. (2019), including workers from different cultures creates language barriers because every culture has their own way to express their feelings or information. Therefore, availability of different languages affects workers to create teamwork while executing their project task. Moreover, it creates higher challenges in sharing information among team members. Language barriers also restrict managers to share information with stakeholders to provide higher effectiveness in this project.
Technological conflicts
“Hull City” project has included different smart technology which would improve quality of life for citizens. Project has included technology such as “Lora WAN” and full fibre broadband implementation in “Hull City”. It would provide citizens flexibility in business connectivity and standard lifestyle.
Technological conflicts describe many agreements and disagreements that occur for project managers while executing a project.
Providing broadband service in “Hull City” managers were required to install routers and fibre connection all over the city. However, technology required higher maintenance after a period of time. In this case, any errors that occur in technology are going to create technological conflicts for managers.
Uncertainty
During PM, a project manager has to manage different operations to execute a project with a deadline by meeting all shareholders and stakeholders needs. This operation usually includes operations such as resources allocation to different tasks in projects such as “Hull City”.
PM operations that have been included in “Hull City” are “resource allocation, task allotment, and budget allocation, determination of funding and people engagement”. Project managers are required to effectively manage this task while “Hull city to achieve higher effectiveness”.
However, during PM operation there is availability of uncertainty conflicts, which create a negative impact on project management. As stated by Shestakevych and Volkov (2021), uncertainty has occurred in resource allocation while PM due to lack of involvement of different technologies. Executing “Hull City” project, technological availability is which required a higher number of resources.
In this context, there is a higher chance of occurrence of technological uncertainty in this project. As commented by Tavana et al. (2020), uncertainty in this project has been visible through budget allocation, which leads this project toward cost overrun. Therefore, managers were required to focus on implementing strategies in reducing Uncertainty. “RADPAC” model would assist managers in effective planning for uncertain situations for maintaining efficiency.
Task 7 – Teamwork
Strategies for project managers to build effective teamwork during smart city OS by focusing on diverse teamwork
Team management is an important aspect within project management and it is observed that without effective team management all aspects of project work related to Hull city cannot be completed successfully.
Building a successful project team for conducting works of smart city OS is required so that they are able to attain success. Creation of a diverse team assists in development of a product team performance and enhances better conduction of project work. Implementation of some strategies can help in effective building of project works within HULL city project.
Proper explanation of goals and objectives related to Hull city project is an important aspect that is required so that all members are able to perform properly. In opinion of Soni (2020), team members are able to work productively only when they are able to understand and analyse the required works that they need to conduct to achieve success within project.
Majority of times it has been observed that a lot of team members are unable to provide their best performance because they are unable to analyse main goals and objectives. Henceforth, explanation of aims and objectives helps in betterment of entire performance as it integrates overall performance of team members
Another major strategy that also assists in development of performance within a project is constant monitoring of performance. As stated by Kinzhalieva and Khanova (2022), constant monitoring of performance helps in finding out issues that are found within work.
Finding out issues within workers’ performance helps in implementing strategies that help in integrating overall performance level of team members. Monitoring also helps in finding out issues that are taking place within activities of team members. Through monitoring, mitigating issues helps in accelerating the overall performance level of team members. Integrating performance by mitigating the issues helps in meeting the requirements of projects.
Proper identification of talents and skills within team performance is required so that grooming class can be provided to improve overall team performance. In opinion of Aufegger et al. (2019), it is observed that the project manager needs to identify skills and talents of each team member.
Identification of skills assists in overall improvement of team performance as through understanding skills it assists team leaders to provide work that matches talents and skills Providing work based on talents and skills helps in upgrading overall performance rate of team performance.
Communication is another major component that has been incorporated so that they are able to talk about project requirements. As stated by Cizmaș et al. (2020), through communication it becomes easier to understand issues that are faced by team members.
This strategy also assists in providing effective solutions to team members so that they are able to achieve success. Communication helps in creating a proper understanding regarding the aims and objectives that are associated with the project. Therefore, incorporation of all these strategies assists in effective development of overall performance of team members. Incorporation of these strategies aids in effective development of diverse teams and assists in development of team performance.
Along with development of team performance, there are certain challenges that are faced within team performance. In opinion of Duong and Swierczek (2019), one main challenge that is faced during this project team performance is lack of collaboration.
Insufficient collaboration leads to ineffective performance within team members. Collaboration is important between team members because otherwise it is not possible to complete team work properly. In a diverse team, due to lack of communication collaboration issues are often faced. Collaboration issues lead to improper management of activities within team members.
Another major issue that is often faced is improper time management. Time management is important within team members and it is crucial that time management incorporation helps in attaining activities.
As stated by Shang et al. (2022), without effective development of time management it is not possible to complete all assigned work properly. Lack of time management skills leads to degradation of the overall performance rate of the team. Similarly, clashes between statements also occur between diverse team members and lack of conflict resolution leads to ineffective team performance.
Owing to all these challenges, it is crucial that effective strategies are also needed to be incorporated so that such challenges are also overcome within team members. Incorporation of effective recommendation helps in overcoming all challenges that are faced within team performance.
Conclusion
It is concluded that the majority of work has been done so that this study is able to reflect on all major project management essentials that are associated with this study. It is learned that incorporation of stakeholder analysis is important so that it helps in effective development of relationships with stakeholders.
Furthermore, it is also learned from this study that incorporation of team management strategies also assists in effective development of overall team performance. It is also witnessed that with incorporation of budget management and financial management aids necessary resource management can be conducted that assists in overall completion of project work. Thus, owing to all these learnings it is assumed that through incorporation of all these steps it assists in effective management of team activities and improves overall team performance related to Hull city project.
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