Sustainable Energy Technologies Assignment Sample
Question 2
Whether the system is installed on a building wall or roof, or whether it is constructed on the ground underneath the structure, will have an impact on the cost of the supporting structure. In most circumstances, when the array is flush with the ceiling, which is nearly always the case, support structure expenses are almost non-existent. It is possible that the construction of more complex buildings may cost up to $200 per square metro. The cost per square meter of the monitoring system may range from $300 to $1,200, depending on the size of the monitoring system. In terms of size and character, the buildings around the bottom margin of this range are either massive or simple, depending on where they are located. It is provided with modest, sophisticated tracking devices, which are positioned on the upper edge of the range’s perimeter. This range is equipped with modest, sophisticated tracking devices (Ahn,2019).
For PV system :
| 1770Wh/day ÷ 3 sun hours/day = 590W 590.W ÷ 0.8 (system losses) =737.5W Wh = 737.5W x 30 days Wh = 22,125 Watt-hours (22.125 kWh/month) The project will be dealing with lower voltage devices hence a 12V system is chosen. Calculate Wattage of the Solar Panels 1770Wh/day ÷ 3 sun hours/day = 590W 590W ÷ 0.8 (system losses) =737.5W 737.5/250 = 2.95(3 Solar panels 250watts) For the project we would be using 3 panels of 250 Watts each. Battery Sizing Battery Capacity (Ah) = Total Watt-hours per day used by appliances x Days of autonomy (0.85 x 0.6 x nominal battery voltage) For this project, the daily average energy consumption per day is 1770 (W-h/day) for the month of December. Battery Capacity (Ah) = 1770 x 2 (0.85 x 0.6 x 12) = (1770/ (0.85×0.6×12)) x2 = 1770/0.85=2082.35 = 2082.35/0.6=3470.5 =3470.5/12=289.2 289.2×2=578.4 578.4 Ah Battery Capacity required for the system |
Depending on the manufacturer, the cost of system installation might range from $900 to $2,500 per kW of capacity.. System installation costs are determined by the size, location, and degree of complexity of the system being installed. In order to achieve higher levels of performance, heavier equipment and a bigger number of personnel may be required. Preparation of the ground and trench digging may be required in the case of land-based systems, for example (Karjalainen,2018).
For Electric system
While electrical equipment for small or domestic systems may be purchased for as little as $700 per kW, electrical equipment for industrial systems can be purchased for as much as $1,500 per kW. The numbers through are the ones to remember. Both the intricacy of a system and the scale of that system have a role in determining how much it will cost. For every watt of energy generated, the cost of a stand-alone system is much greater than the cost of a grid-connected system in most instances (Gabr,2020).
| The battery life is 1.85 hours @ 5AH*3.7V/10W.
With a power efficiency of 90 percent for Li-ion and Li-polymer batteries. Then, Discharging Time=Battery Capacity * Battery Volt*0.9 / Device Watt is calculated.
5Ah*3.7V*0.9/10W = 1.66 hours on a single charge
Let’s have a look at some more examples:
What is the best way to determine the operating duration of an 1800mAh 3.7V 18650 battery that will power a 3.7V 10W digital device?
Working current for a 3.7V 10W device would be 103.7 = 2.7027A = 2702.7 mA (in milliamps). It works out to 1800mAh x 272.7mA = 0.6666 h = 40 minutes in principle. To put it another way, that’s: 1800mAh/2702.7 mA*0.9 = 0.599h = 36 min.
Alternatively, 3.7V*1.8Ah(1800mAh)*0.9/10W=0.599h=36min may be used.
Another example would be a 12V 60Ah battery pack that would power a 220V 100W light fixture. The working time is calculated as 12V*60Ah*0.9/100W=6.48 H. |
The cost of power is included in the expenditures for electrical equipment, in addition to the cost of charge controllers and other electrical equipment. When electricity flows from the PV array to the battery, these components are in charge of ensuring that the battery receives the proper amount of charging.
For example, currently available controllers have the ability to achieve up to 95% efficacy levels, which is rather impressive in this industry. While electrical equipment for small or domestic systems may be purchased for as little as $700 per kW, electrical equipment for industrial systems can be purchased for as much as $1,500 per kW. The numbers through are the ones to remember. Both the intricacy of a system and the scale of that system have a role in determining how much it will cost. For every watt of energy generated, the cost of a stand-alone system is much greater than the cost of a grid-connected system in most instances (Ye,2018).
References
Ahn, H., Rim, D., Pavlak, G.S. and Freihaut, J.D., 2019. Uncertainty analysis of energy and economic performances of hybrid solar photovoltaic and combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP+ PV) systems using a Monte-Carlo method. Applied Energy, 255, p.113753.
Colasante, A., D’Adamo, I. and Morone, P., 2021. Nudging for the increased adoption of solar energy? Evidence from a survey in Italy. Energy Research & Social Science, 74, p.101978.
Gabr, A.Z., Helal, A.A. and Abbasy, N.H., 2020. Economic evaluation of rooftop grid‐connected photovoltaic systems for residential building in Egypt. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 30(6), p.e12379.
Tanesab, J., Parlevliet, D., Whale, J. and Urmee, T., 2018. Energy and economic losses caused by dust on residential photovoltaic (PV) systems deployed in different climate areas. Renewable Energy, 120, pp.401-412.
Ye, J., Giani, A., Elasser, A., Mazumder, S.K., Farnell, C., Mantooth, H.A., Kim, T., Liu, J., Chen, B., Seo, G.S. and Song, W., 2021. A review of cyber-physical security for photovoltaic systems. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.
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