Assignment Sample on 7033MHR Risk Governance and Patient Safety
Introduction
This particular assignment focused on the critical analysis based on the factors of risk, and governance, along with patient safety tools for managing and maintaining the techniques in the healthcare sector such as the “National Health Service (NHS)” in the UK. After that, it will be evaluating the existing clinical along with administrative indicators for maintaining safety as well as safe delivery for providing high-quality care based on the methods that can be used for mitigating risk exposure in a clinical setting. Therefore, the effective methods for measuring along with managing clinicians for managing the team performance, by including their impact based on professional behaviours along with well-being.
Here, the first task has been focused on the “Existing policy and practice frameworks” for describing the overall information by underpinning the guidelines for recommending appropriate practices. After that, it has depend on the “Accountability and performance” based on the government, and regulators, for analysing the risk management maintaining communication, and managing risks. Therefore, it has focused on the analysis of Audit along with evaluation for analysing the quality of performance for understanding “Information management tools and practices”. According to my perspective, the second task has been focused on “evidence-based research” for application along with analysing various effective areas of the country and healthcare organizations, units, or practices.
Task 1: A literature search
1.1 Regulatory perspectives on the healthcare industry
The UK is the most developed country technically and the country is highly concerned about the healthcare industry to reduce the mortality rate. National health care services in the UK are providing emergency care services to the local people of the country. The population of the UK is 67,508,936 in 2022 and it will increase by 0.34% from the year 2021 (Datacommons.org, 2022). In this aspect, the health industry is growing day by day to reduce different types of health problems and ensure effective services in the country.
Based on my viewpoint, I analyse that NHS is providing services to all people irrespective of race, sex, disability, gender reassignment status, religion, and belief. Those are effective ways to maintain equal behaviour for all kinds of patients and try to provide free service. Regulation is an effective way to handle different kinds of opportunities as well as it is an effective way to reduce discrimination in the healthcare industry (Foulkes et al. 2020).
According to my viewpoint, the healthcare industry is improving the health status of a country with the help of advanced management systems as well as ensuring different kinds of healthcare services. The main aim of this regulation is to provide respect and dignity to all kinds of patients (Foulkes et al. 2020). I think the NHS believes in some major concepts such as rights, dignity, interdependence, partnership, privacy, safety, equality, inclusion, and confidentiality. “The health and social care ACT, 2022” has been introduced to develop services for healthcare organizations (Kingsfund.org.uk, 2022). This act is implemented in the health industry to track inequalities in health care sectors. According to my viewpoint, the main aim of this act is to build a legislative framework that supports collaboration and social working to integrate service for patients.
Therefore, “The Mental Health ACT, 1983” has been introduced to reduce discrimination in the healthcare industry and take proper care of patients who are suffering from mental disabilities (Parliament.uk, 2022). It is helpful for those people, who are suffering from mental disorders. This act provides proper treatment to their patients and tries to diagnose patients before starting medical treatment. Based on my viewpoint, I analyse that NHS policy has been introduced to take care of patients and try to avoid hazardous behaviour from their health care industry. The community maintains strong relationships with stakeholders to ensure health care services (Hse.gov.uk, 2023). The staffs of the health cream industry is maintaining positive behaviour towards their patients to improve the workforce culture.
PESTEL Analysis
| PESTEL | Factors | Impact |
| Political | · Political index 2.5strong and -2.5 weak (Gov.uk, 2023).
· Monetary policy meets the inflation rate approximately 2% |
Negative |
| Economical | · GDP Rate changes by 7.5% annually
· Unemployment rate unchanged at 3.7% in November, 2022 (Gov.uk, 2023) |
Positive |
| Social | · Population growth rate changes by 0.4% in 2021
· Cultural barrier found in the country |
Negative |
| Technical | · Ranked 4TH in the global advance index
· Awareness increased for advance technology usage in the country |
Positive |
| Environmental | · The impact of greenhouse gas increased the temperature
· Increased the usage of the disposal material |
Negative |
| Legislative | · Copyright law, health and safety law is improved for citizen
· Discrimination rate is less than 2% in the country (Gov.uk, 2023). |
Table 1: PESTEL Analysis
(Source: self-developed)
1.2 Impact of Digital technology in health care sectors
Digital Technology is improving its concept with the help of advanced technology to assure patient care systems in the healthcare industry. It is an effective way for the healthcare professional for early treatment of their patients (Wager, Lee & Glaser, 2021). Thus, the machinery of the healthcare sector is developed which is providing accurate results for any kind of diagnosis. It has become an integral part of the healthcare industry to manage their health and chronic disease. Covid 19 pandemic situation has integrated the digital technology and it influences researchers to emphasize their examination equipment (Årdal, et al. 2020).
Health care services implement different kinds of technology to improve their medical consistency such as IT systems, algorithms, AI, cloud, and blockchain. Technology assures personalized care of patients and it ensures early treatment to reduce the mortality rate. Therefore, in the healthcare industry telecommunication technology has been used for communication (Vellido, 2020). This technology automatically scans the patient’s condition such as drug discovery or diagnostics. This technical support is improving organizational culture, developing patient safety, and reducing costs to ensure a structural framework [Refer to appendix 1].
1.3 Theoretical perspectives
Legislation acts in healthcare industry
The legislative process ensures a cultural environment that assures the basic opportunity of healthcare sectors. Some patients are not getting proper attention from the hospital’s staff, nurses, and physicians. In this aspect, it is reducing opportunities of healthcare sectors and the general people are unable to access health care opportunities. In this regard, “The Equality Act 2010” has been implemented in the health and social care industry to reduce discrimination in the healthcare sector (Parliament.uk, 2022). This act has been followed in different cases such as age, racism, disability, sex, gender, religion, and belief (Chen, Salama, & Hinton, 2022).
Legislative act in health care industry by clinical governance
In UK, the “National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS)”Standards specify the criteria for clinical governance in the healthcare sector. Clinical governance is the term used to describe the methods, procedures, and organisational frameworks that healthcare organisations use to guarantee the quality and security of patient treatment (Hse.gov.uk, 2023).
The NSH Standards outline a number of needs for clinical governance, such as the necessity of strong clinical leadership, continuing evaluation and enhancement of clinical performance, and open communication of negative outcomes. Moreover, risk management and incident reporting mechanisms must be well-developed in healthcare businesses.
Legislative act in health care industry by board governance
The standards for board governance in the healthcare sector are also outlined in “Australia’s National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS)” Standards. The structures, procedures, and techniques used by healthcare companies to guarantee efficient and responsible leadership are referred to as board governance (Parliament.uk, 2022).
According to the NSH Standards, healthcare organisations are required to have an efficient board that is in charge of monitoring the organization’s strategic direction and guaranteeing regulatory compliance. A strong governance framework with clear policies and procedures for decision-making, risk management, and financial oversight is also essential of boards.
Overall, the NSH Guidelines are designed to make sure that healthcare institutions have solid board governance frameworks in place to promote excellent patient care and efficient management.
Legislative act in health care industry in NSH by accountability, and patient safety
Accountability and patient safety are essential components of the healthcare sector, according to “Australia’s National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS)” Guidelines. In order to be held accountable for the treatment they deliver and to make patient safety a top priority, healthcare institutions are expected to have systems and procedures in place.
Companies must also have reliable procedures in place for determining and managing risks as well as for guaranteeing that patients are involved in the selection of their own medical care (Philarchive.org, 2022).
1.4 Risk management in the healthcare industry
Risk management procedures in the healthcare industry refer to the process of the organization as well as the system of the healthcare organizations. Risk management includes the administrative system and the process as well as risk management in the healthcare industry. Healthcare risk factors are also a deployment and focused on the safety of the patients as well as providing the best services to the patient’s care (Kaya, Ward, & Clarkson, 2019). In the present situation, the healthcare industry is moving to value-based risk management to enhance the performance rate as well as reduce the financial challenges that highlight service management.
Figure 1: Risk domains in the healthcare industries.
(Source: Nejm.org, 2023)
In the case of the healthcare industries, there are several zones that contain the potent risk factors and affect the ultimate benefit of the business organization. The risk management in the healthcare industry is contained in the mainly eight domains such as operational field, strategic analysis, and the safety of patients, human capital, financial field, technological implication, legal system, and infrastructure-based hazard (Nejm.org, 2023). The risk management in the healthcare system includes some key components that are discussed below,
Identify the risk factors
Identifying the risk factors is referred to as the primary step of the risk management plan. This stage of the risk management includes the uncertainty management which helps to recognize the new challenges in the healthcare industry and uncover the threats potentially (Sanni-Anibireet al. 2020). This stage is referred to hard as anticipating the task in the healthcare industry. In addition, determining the binding among risks and the other challenges is also considered as a major step of this risk factor.
Risk factors assessments
Monitoring the risk factors also leads to the risk assessment in the healthcare industry. The effect of the risk factors and the identification of the medium and high impact on the service is identified in this stage. Apart from that, the person responsible for the risk assessment is also discovered in this stage of the risk management plan in the healthcare industry (Plagg et al. 2021).
Analysis of risk factors
The risk factors analysis stage mainly consists of the prevention of the risk factors and the control measurement of the risk factors in the healthcare organization. Determination of the risk factors helps to reduce the threats of the risk factors. Monitoring the behaviour of the risk factor is also discovered through the assessment of the risk factors. Analyzing each risk factor also helps to recognize the source of the risk factors in the healthcare industry (Ostrom & Wilhelmsen, 2019). This effectively helps to reduce the challenges that help to enhance the revenue rate in these business organizations.
Risk Control
The risk control stage refers to the improvement of the challenges or hazards in the healthcare industry. The well-planned strategies of risk control help to observe the core objective risk factors as well as reduce the consequences of the risk factors in the health carers organizations (Hubbard, 2020). The control of the risk factor also improves the transparency of the safety factors that reduce the future challenges in the healthcare industries.
Risk Matrix
| Likelihood | Consequences | Factors |
| High | Negligible | Monitoring the behaviour |
| Moderate | Minor | Financial Risk |
| Low | Major | Legal risk |
| Very low | Catastrophic | Management risk plan |
Table 2: Risk Matrix
(Source: self-developed)
1.5 Audit and Evaluation
The “NSH (nursing and healthcare)” has been focused on industry which uses auditing and assessment as crucial methods for gauging the effectiveness of executives and practitioners. It is possible to undertake these evaluations using a number of available technologies.
“Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS)” is a frequently used instrument for assessing the standard of treatment offered by health plans. Preventive care, managing chronic conditions, and mental health are some of the care domains that HEDIS assesses. Another useful tool is the patient safety culture survey conducted by the Agency for “Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)”(Ostrom & Wilhelmsen, 2019).
A tool that can be used to assess nurse excellence and patient outcomes is the “National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)”. Data on nursing-sensitive indicators, such as falls and pressure ulcers, are gathered by NDNQI and used to assess the efficacy of nursing treatments (Hubbard, 2020).
1.6 Information management tools and practices
The smooth and effective running of “NSH (nursing and healthcare)” organisations depends on information management. Thus, the “Electronic health records (EHRs)”, clinical decision support systems, telehealth, and data analytics are just a few of the tools and methods utilised to handle information in NSH. EHRs make it possible to digitise patient health data, improving its security and accessibility. Clinical decision support systems offer doctors timely data and suggestions to enhance patient care ((Nejm.org, 2023). Remote patient monitoring and online consultations are made possible by telehealth technologies.
Task 2: A reflective account of the process
2.1 The types of risk factors involved with the chosen practices in NSH
The several risk factors may be connected to the chosen procedures in NSH (nursing and healthcare) companies. They consist of:
Clinical risk factors: These may include aspects of the patient, such as co-morbidities, the severity of the condition, and potential complications that might develop during therapy more (Slam.nhs.uk, 2022).
Operational risk factors: These may include elements that affect how an organisation runs, like staffing levels, equipment accessibility, and workflow.
Financial risk variables: It may include things like reimbursement rates, payer mix, and the price of medical supplies and equipment, can affect how financially viable an institution more (Slam.nhs.uk, 2022).
Legal and regulatory risk factors: These may include things like accreditation requirements and laws and regulations governing compliance with laws and regulations governing the healthcare industry.
Reputational risk factors: These may include elements that affect how the public perceives the organisation, such as patient satisfaction, community trust, and public perception.
For the safety and wellbeing of patients, employees, and the company as a whole, it is crucial for NSH enterprises to recognise and manage these risk factors. Strong risk management techniques as well as constant observation and assessment of the organization’s procedures and practises can help to achieve this.
University Hospital Lewisham is referred to as a teaching hospital runed through Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust and serving the London Borough of Lewisham. In this context, this hospital is known due to its effective patient care system and implementation of advanced technology. Therefore, the hospital is serving a wide range of opportunities including adults and children’s emergency departments. The hospital industry is highly concerned about neonatology, Throat (ENT) services, fibrosis treatment, paediatric surgery, and many more (Slam.nhs.uk, 2022). In this aspect, the country is highly focused on healthcare industries to serve people enough treatment and reduce the mortality rate. Thus, the UK government is including some specific treatments in the healthcare industry to maintain a complete care system. On the other hand, the NHS has been introduced for a long period to improve health and social care services which are improving the curable rate.
Nowadays, cancer patients are increasing due to lack of early treatment, poverty, and inability to get property services. The trust of Lewisham hospital is serving a good quality of care to lead the functionality of health care sectors. Cancer is affecting the population of this country and it is increasing the mortality rate. In this aspect, the Government must take some steps to reduce this problem as well as build a strong legislative framework to develop the work procedures of an organisation.
Country is trying to ensure NHS screening and treatment to improve the hazard of cancer. In 2020, it has been noticed that the cancer-related population increased due to the lack of proper treatment of early diagnosis. Cancer cases are 21% higher in men rather than in women (Commonslibrary.parliament.uk, 2022). It has been noticed that there are 3 million people living with cancer and it is estimated to increase to 3.5 million by 2025.
Figure 2: Cancer deaths in England
(Source: Commons Library.parliament.uk, 2022)
Quality care services are one of the core objectives of the healthcare industries. The quality can be addressed in the business ground of the healthcare industry. Quality care is one of the critical needs of the healthcare industries that are monitored to improve the administrative system as well as the service of the patients care (Krishnamoorthi et al. 2022). As per my observation the quality of care is measured through several indicators in the health care industries that help to make the desired outcome in the business organizations.
The major policies in healthcare sectors are such as “constituent policy”, “distributive policy”, “redistributive policy”, “and regulatory policy”. Those are the basic policies in the healthcare industry to assure patients’ health care (Philarchive.org, 2022). I understand that the basic objectives are required to assure positive care such as privacy, confidentiality, equality and inclusion, safety, rights, respect, dignity, choice, and interdependence.
On the other hand, the “Care Quality Commission (CQC)” is considered a dependent regulator for safety and quality of care in England (Hse.gov.uk, 2023). As per my realization regulatory system maintains an effective care and treatment system to assure legal requirements and protect people from inequalities. This system includes different kinds of objectives for all age groups of people and tries to assure ambulance services for emergency care (Hayden, 2022).
The treatment of people with enough care and creating a protecting environment helps to avoid the negative impact in the business field. In addition, the best experiences of the patients care is for the potent customer base in the marketing field of the healthcare industries (Limna, 2022). I stated that quality management system is mainly referred to satisfy the specific needs of the health care organization and features the characteristics of the care and service sector of the health care organizations.
2.2 Providing help to avoid harm among the clients
In relation to NSH, my objective is to inform and support clients (nursing and healthcare). Some of the potential hazards that clients may want to avoid in this situation include:
- Undesirable medical outcomes and incidents that put patients’ safety at risk.
- Patient outcomes that is insufficient as a result of subpar medical care or ineffective therapy.
- Unsatisfactory patient treatment and experiences, which may have an effect on future healthcare choices and general well-being.
- Financial loss brought on by expensive medical expenses, a lack of insurance, or an ineffective use of healthcare resources.
- Damage to one’s reputation and legal liability brought on by privacy or confidentiality violations or by a failure to uphold moral and professional standards.
According to my perspectives the quality management in the healthcare industries expects the errors in the industry and consider the best experiences of the patients through the quality assurance program (Popov et al. 2022). It also makes the healthcare organization challenges free by providing the perfect package of the health care as well as providing the protection concern to the patients and their families.
On the other hand, AI is the most useful technology which can track and spread infectious diseases through analysing data. AI has improved different perspectives in the healthcare sector which enhance the value of this industry (Hutchings, 2020). Based on my notion, AI is enhancing automation in the healthcare industry which involves better communication, maintaining a better platform for automatic appointment systems, and monitoring the real-time health status. As per my observation, it is improving patient engagement which is assuring activities in the healthcare industry.
According to my perspective I think that “Robotics princess automation” is a type of machine learning which is able to mimic human action for some major and manual tasks (Wager, Lee & Glaser, 2021). I stated that medical industry is highly concerned about automation systems to improve their ability as well as assure different types of work in hospitals.
In the case of the healthcare industries, there are several zones that contain the potent risk factors and affect the ultimate benefit of the business organization (Ostrom & Wilhelmsen, 2019). As per my understanding the responses of the patients and their service also improves through the implication of the risk management in the healthcare industries.
2.3 Specific area and its risk factors with appropriate solution
Recommendation:
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 30 to 40% of the cancer burden has been enhanced due to improper lifestyle (Cancerresearchuk.org, 2022). Hence, people must be aware of their health and try to ensure a healthy diet to protect the body (Rawla & Barsouk, 2019).
People must be aware of each technique and process to improve their lifestyle. In this aspect there are some ways to prevent cancer such as trying to assure the screening process, yearly body check-ups, avoid alcohol and smoking objectives. Therefore, physical activity and a healthy diet are required to prevent these kinds of diseases. In general people over 65 are at a higher risk of developing cancer (Britt, Cuzick & Phillips, 2020). The number of cancer patients is increasing day by day and it is affecting the country’s population.
The major arson of cancer is genetics and certain environmental or behaviour triggers. In this aspect, there are some strategies which are required to assure the health care system in a country.
- Maintain a community to assess the health problem
- Consider eventual healthcare program and campaigns to improve conception of patient (Carter et al. 2020)
- Assure a proper health care framework to improve the patient care system
- Physical activity is required for self-assessment
- Improving more essential equipment’s and techniques to assure a complete care system
- Implementing legislation to reduce discrimination from the healthcare industry
The country is advanced but it is suffering from different kinds of health issues. Government must ensure some policy in the health care system to improve the country’s mortality rate. Hence, social campaigning is required to improve the activity of people and it is to provide them with awareness (Carter et al. 2020). Social awareness is required to avoid cancer and people must ensure early treatment.
Cancer is changing the normal balance of chemicals in the body and it is increasing the risk in the human body which is creating more complications. Frequent urination, constipation, confusion, brain, and nervous system problems. In this aspect, 30 to 50% of all cancers are curable but it is cost-effective and a long-term strategy (Cancerresearchuk.org, 2022).
Regulation in the healthcare industry
The implication of effective regulation in the healthcare industries enforces several requirements in the healthcare industries. In addition, the regulatory system in the healthcare industry creates positive impacts on the service approach of health care. Apart from this, specific implications of the regulation in the healthcare sector control the provided status of the healthcare industries and regulate the venture management system through systematic services (Acheampong, & Kemp, 2022). As per my understanding the key objective of the regulatory system in the health care ensures the practices and the standard princess in the healthcare system. The requirements of the regulation in the healthcare industries create the legal process that is conducted to increase the specific framework in healthcare industries.
The regulatory system mainly arranges the competencies in the healthcare profession and meets the practices as well as register of the industry. In addition, the medical regulation checks the training courses and the education system to practice in the protective way (Hoffer, & Nesbit, 2023).
The core objective of the regulatory system in the health care ensures the practices and the standard princess in the healthcare system (Kumar Gupta et al.2022). The requirements of the regulation in the healthcare industries create the legal process. I observed that the medical regulation checks the training courses and the education system to practice in protective way.
The NHS has three major sectors as public sector, the private sector, and the third sector. The public sector includes different kinds of objectives such as civil services, local government, and higher education (Hutchings, 2020). On the other hand, the private sector has included some basic objectives: private and independent companies. Therefore, in the part of the third sector charities and social insists have been included to assure the entire procedure.
The medical regulation system is mainly considered as the primary legislation that is case law, Secondary Legislation, and statutory legislation. All this regulation provides the rules in the healthcare industries that focus to provide the best care service in the healthcare industries (Gao & McDonald, 2022).
As per my observation the expansion of risk management also supports improving the medical liability that helps to make the service more sophisticated towards patient care. The adoption of well-organized risk management strategies in the healthcare industries provides a more holistic approach toward patient care facilities and reduces the risk factor across the healthcare industries (Carmody et al. 2020). The understanding of the responses of the patients and their service also improves through the implication of the risk management in the healthcare industries
Risks factors of cancers
Lewisham hospital has changed its practices to serve effective and emergency treatment to their patients. Cancer is cost-effective as well as it is serving different kinds of complications through a long-term period. Chronic diseases become cancer in the body due to a lack of proper treatment. Thus, people must focus on their health and take proper medication to balance a healthy lifestyle. In this regard, the Government must engage some communities in the health care sector to reduce complications and discrimination. Thus, many hospitals are cost effective and it is impacted their patients as they are unable to access treatment due to low cash flows. Hence, the equality act is implemented in health care sectors to prevent this problem as well as take complete care at low cost. Hence, the NHS is funding chemotherapy which is effective for the patients. The most serious risk of cancer,
- It is inspiring chemical imbalance in human body.
- Frequent urination, constipation and increased confusion.
- Brain and nervous system are damaged day by day (Commonslibrary.parliament.uk, 2022).
- Changes in sleep pattern and increased various complications.
Conclusion
The study is concluded based on the factors of risk, and governance, along with patient safety tools for managing and maintaining the techniques in the healthcare sector. Risk management procedures in the healthcare industry refer to the process of the organization as well as the system of the healthcare organizations. Risk management includes the administrative system and the process as well as risk management in the healthcare industry. Healthcare risk factors are also a deployment and focused on the safety of the patients as well as providing the best services to the patient’s care. The quality care management system is highlighted in this study. Quality care services are one of the core objectives of the health care industries. The quality can be addressed to the business ground of the healthcare industry.
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