Accounting for Business

Part A. Financial Ratios and Financial Statement Analysis

a. Explain and calculate the following ratios

Current Ratio:

The current ratio is considered under the liquidity ratio that is calculated by current assets divided by current liabilities (Robinson et al., 2015). Above calculated ratio defines that company’s current assets are decreasing in 2019 as compared to 2018 and it is identified by measuring both year’s current ratios as it was 2.74 in 2018 and it is 2.08 in 2019. It means the current ratio has decreased by 24%.

Quick Ratio:

In addition, the quick ration is also defined as the liquidity ratio that reflects the company’s short-term liquidity position and also examines the ability of a company for meeting its short-term liabilities along with its most liquid assets. In this way, above ration of the company represents that company’s liquidity has decreased by 6% as the ratio was 0.89 in 2018 whereas it is 0.84 in 2019.

Account Receivables Turnover:

At the same time, account receivable turnover is identified as the number of time annually which a business gathers its average account receivables (Damodaran, 2016). It is calculated to measure the company’s efficiency to collect its funds from its customers on time. In this concern, the above ratio reflects that company’s account receivable turnover has increased by 21% as it was 7.54 in 2018 whereas it is 9.13 in 2019.

Inventory Turnover:

Apart from above, inventory turnover is calculated to show how many times the products and services have been sold and the company has replaced its inventory throughout the year (Afonso et al. 2018). In this manner, the above inventory turnover ratio defines that company’s inventory turnover has increased by 16% that means this ratio was 1.79 in 2018 whereas it is 2.07 in 2019.

b. Comment on the short-term solvency, including the efficiency of the business

On the basis of the above calculation, it can be defined that company’s short-term liquidity has decreased. It means the company’s capability to pay off its current liabilities has reduced and it has been identified in above-mentioned liquidity ratios such as current ratio and quick ratio (Minnis & Sutherland, 2017).

At the same time, other two ratios such as account receivable turnover and the inventory turnover ratio also reflects that company’s efficiency has reduced as it is unable to collect its receivable promptly and in a similar manner, company’s inventory turnover has also increased it means its sales have been decreasing rapidly that creates the negative impact on the company by decreasing its profitability.

Part B. Income and Revenue

Discuss whether the foregoing five financial items would meet the definition of income to the company during the year

In concern of the income, it is identified that from the five financial items of the company, only one item is considered as the revenue as per the definition of income to the company in whole the year and that is the sales of the software (Severini et al., 2017).

In order to income, it is found that net income is described as how efficient the company is along with its all the spending and managing its operating costs. A term of income often represents the total amount related to earnings that are remained after deducting all the expenses as well as additional incomes.

If any, of the items, would meet the definition of revenue to the company for the year

In addition to above, it is determined that sales of software is termed as the revenue because this amount is being earned by selling the company’s products as well as services directly so in this manner it can be reflected that this amount of sale of software-defined as the revenue for the company that will be reflected at the top of under the income statement (Berry, 2019).

Part C. Comparing Balance Sheet

a. Define which application company would select as being the more favorable

After comparing the balance sheet of both the companies such as ABC company and XYZ company, it can be analyzed that ABC Company already has the short-term loan of $ 31,200 to be repaid in 2020 whereas XYZ company has the short-term loan only $ 7,200 to be repaid in 2020.

It means XYZ Company is more capable to repay the bank’s loan as per the provided time in comparison to ABC Company. At the same time, the total liabilities of XYZ Company are less compare to ABC Company so there are more chances that XYZ Company can repay the loan on time efficiently (Hauck et al., 2015).

b. Demonstrate which business company will be willing to pay the higher price, assuming it will be taking over the existing liabilities of the company

If a person is going to purchase a business as mentioned above along with its liabilities, it can be defined that XYZ Company can be purchased because it has fewer liabilities as compared to ABC Company. In this manner, after paying off the liabilities, a person can earn more profitability because, after liabilities, more assets will be remaining (Shepherd et al., 2018).

c. If the existing owners agreed to be accountable for all existing liabilities, how would this change its decision in (b), if at all

Apart from above situation, if the existing owners agreed to be accountable for all the existing liabilities, then the decision of purchasing ABC company would be more better because company holds more assets as compared to other company and at the same time, ABC company has not to need to pay off its liabilities so its whole the assets will be safe (Zhao & Ru, 2016).

References

Afonso, A., Baxa, J., & Slavík, M. (2018). Fiscal developments and financial stress: a threshold VAR analysis. Empirical Economics, 54(2), 395-423.

Berry, M. J. (2019). Colorado: Budgetary Reform, Revenue Gains, and a Prosperous Economy. California Journal of Politics and Policy, 11(1).

Damodaran, A. (2016). Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance (Vol. 324). John Wiley & Sons.

Hauck, A., Neyer, U., & Vieten, T. (2015). Reestablishing stability and avoiding a credit crunch: Comparing different bad bank schemes. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 57, 116-128.

Minnis, M., & Sutherland, A. (2017). Financial statements as monitoring mechanisms: Evidence from small commercial loans. Journal of Accounting Research, 55(1), 197-233.

Robinson, T. R., Henry, E., Pirie, W. L., & Broihahn, M. A. (2015). International financial statement analysis. John Wiley & Sons.

Severini, S., Tantari, A., & Di Tommaso, G. (2017). Effect of agricultural policy on income and revenue risks in Italian farms: implications for the use of risk management policies. Agricultural Finance Review, 77(2), 295-311.

Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., Van Den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., … & Nowicki, S. (2018). Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017. Nature, 558, 219-222.

Zhao, P., & Ru, Y. (2016, August). Investee’s Net Profits Adjustment in Balance Sheet Consolidation: for the Reasons of Internal Tractions. In 2016 International Conference on Humanity, Education and Social Science. Paris: Atlantis Press.