Assignment Sample on DSS 7 RMD Research Methods
2. Literature review
2.1 Introduction
Rohingya Refugee Children have faced a serious crisis in Myanmar regarding religious persecution and ethnic practices for a long time. Most of the Rohingya Refugees have fled to different Southeast Asian countries though the number is much lower than Bangladesh Rohingya Refugees. The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) undertook the responsibility to record the refugees with the development policies over the migrated areas. In this research proposal, the connected areas of Rohingya Refugees Children education have been taken to be discussed.
2.2 Research aim and objectives
Aims
The aim of this research is to identify the proper process and techniques that can help refugee children to get the education and opportunity like the native people for developing and modifying their living style without any persecution.
Objectives
- To know the common issues faced by refugees during migration.
- To identify the crisis of the education system faced by the children’s refugees
- To know the proper theoretical aspects that have the mitigation significance of the Rohingya Refugee children’s education crisis.
- To know the present condition of Rohingya Refugees for identification of perfect policies by the Government of Bangladesh.
2.3 Research questions
- What are the perfect policies to mitigate the educational crisis of Rohingya Refugee children?
- How theoretical analysis and model can help to make the concept of educational supplies more accurate?
- What is the precise way to make a proper educational fractured that can match up the culture of Refugee children?
2.4 Identification of the educational issues faced by refugee children
A piece of precise knowledge about the visible issues faced by the refugee children helps to identify the present condition more accurately. The aim of this research proposal is to identify the segments of an education system that do not remain helpful for Rohingya Refugee children; a comparison of common issues and particular issues can build the discussion more accurately. Besides this, an elaboration of the content can be considered as the manuscript of the process of recovering and tempering the education system. For that reason, some common issues in the field of education systems faced by Refugee children will be indicated in this section.
- Cultural otherness
The migrant children who are considered refugees are mostly faced with the issue called cultural otherness in the education system. Every culture has its individual characteristics which have been followed by the people of that particular area. Mohsin, (2020) said that the education system is also modified according to the convenience of the culture. The refugee children failed to match the culture of the new areas which affected the adoption of the education system.
- Psychological unhealthiest
The psychology of children cannot be predicted by the researchers. For that reason, the present mental health and traumas are the main things that need to be suppressed with a good quality environment and training. Otherwise, the main purpose of education is not being successful. Sudheer and Banerjee, (2021) mentioned that psychological unhealthiest is the main problem faced by Refugee children during the adoption of education culture at new places.
- Lack of visibility about educational supplies
Food, shelter, and clothes are the main supplies that refugees are seeking. For that reason, education is left behind on the priority list. The refugees’ campaign authority is mainly concerned about providing the core implements as much as possible.
- Cost of training
One of the most depressing problems of Refugee children’s education supplies is the cost of training. Chowdhury, (2021) mentioned that observation of the precise health and food supplies to the refugees mostly grabs the importance of education.
These are the common issues that have been faced by the refugees in the education system. In the next part, the particular issues of Rohingya Refugee children will be elaborated for better understanding.
2.5 Rohingya Refugee children situation in present-day
The humanitarian crisis of Rohingya Refugees is the topic that will be analysed with proper and standard information and data to fulfil the purpose of presenting the present situation. Around 461,266 refugees of Rohingya get sheltered in Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh. Children are the future of youngsters depending on whom a country will ensure growth and development. It has been observed that 55% of Rohingya refugees are children who are facing an educational crisis. The first month of the crackdown on Rohingya Refugees saw 730 children die from malnutrition, disease outbreaks that affect education (Orfonline-org.cdn.ampproject.org. 2021).
Humanitarian Act of Bangladesh Government
The Bangladesh ministry of education has taken responsibility for Rohingya Refugees’ child education with the help of different NGOs and financial sources. Besides the local financial sources, there are many international funding sources that help to modify the education system of displaced children of Rohingya in Bangladesh. The crackdown situation in 2017 in Bangladesh for entering Rohingya refugees is the headache of the ministry of Bangladesh.
Figure: International financial sources of Rohingya Refugees Children (US$ millions)
(Source: Hossain, 2021)
The Humanitarian Act of the Bangladesh Government mainly focuses on collecting financial support from different sources and makes an impact on the full education system to decrease the crisis of the children. According to Hossain, (2021) but it is important to understand which age group is most needed for such opportunities to develop otherwise the investment will run in the loss. For that reason, the categorization of the age has been done by the government of Bangladesh of extension of students between 0-24.
Figure: Rohingya Refugees children with age group
(Source: Rahman et al. 2020)
Most of the students belong to the age group of 6 to 14. That means during the day’s age period, the subjects should be wisely selected which will build up the knowledge of the children. According to Rahman et al. (2020) in the case of Rohingya Refugee children, this process has also been followed though the results are not that much clear and accurate till now. But for some problems, this purpose is not justified which will be traced out in this research work too.
2.6 Most visible educational issues encountered by the Rohingya Refugee children
Education can build up the personality of a child by building confidence, skill learning, and critical thinking. Hence, Rohingya Refugee children are not getting all these opportunities and the crisis that are mainly faced are:
- Excessive School dropouts
The dropout rate is one of the most visible crises observed among the refugee children over the native. Urban displacement encountered the financial crisis more profoundly that causes school dropouts. According to Shohel, (2020) in primary school and secondary school, the dropout rate is increased to 50% and 25% respectively in Rohingya Refugees Children.
- Less interest in learning
The financial crisis pressurizes the refugee to concentrate more on earning over education. Rohingya Refugees children around 34% are already concerned about earning. The continuous decreasing interest in learning of the children is the main reason for destroying the education system for refugee children. Ahmed et al. (2020) mentioned that it is obvious that at the point of getting the benefits of currency from a child, the interest in education decreases simultaneously.
- Cultural gap
At the time of learning in Myanmar, the children learn about particular 7 subjects that prompted the native culture. Mim, (2020) said that the Rohingya refugees after coming into Bangladesh encounter a different type of culture that cannot be easily adopted by the children. For that reason, children are not getting enough rest about Bangladesh learning culture that affects the whole system.
- Trauma for bullying
In education institutions, the native children sometimes engaged in bullying to refugees which exactly happened with Rohingya Refugees Children. As the language of the refugees and native children are different, the communication gap remains there which increases the complexity and criticalness in the educational atmosphere.
- Less Expertise in educational equipment
The present-based education system needed sufficient expertise which is lacking in Rohingya Refugees children. This expertise is not mandatory in education but monitoring the development of several experts is a common factor.
2.7 Process for giving best solution to education prosperity
- Great bonding among the hosting community and refugees
Maintaining effective and proper communication between the hosting community and the refugees will help to eliminate all the gaps due to migration. If the hosting community can know about all the ethnic practices and beliefs then the coordination will be more strongly established.
- Including modified data
The data which will include for preparing the process of education has to be generated with modified and current data which is proved in real. modified data provide ideas about multilateral organizations, donor partners, host governments, academic specialists for improving data generation, statistical management, suitable analysis, and sharing ideas.
- Train and support the teachers
The native culture and the migrated culture have to be known by the teachers who are involved in the Rohingya Refugees children’s education system. The persons should be expert enough that they can match both types of students at the same time. So, training stations and support are given to the teachers who will handle the education process will be a great way to develop.
- Strong programming for a better plan
Before sitting any policy, it is important to make a strong plan which will be helpful to execute the programming. For that reason, in the case of Rohingya refugees’ children’s education, proper programming has to be included after collecting data with primary qualitative and secondary data collection processes. It is important to know about the exact crisis to which the refugees are actually suffering. After that, proper programming has to be done and made a proper plan.
- Precise funding system
It is important that National capacity should be strong enough that can provide shelter to the refugee education system. A sustainable funding system can expand more money for educational prosperity. For that reason, multi-funding security is important for a country like Bangladesh. In this discussion, the international funding sources have already been mentioned which will precisely be compared according to its most helpfulness to the refugee.
2.8 Future aspects of the issues in terms of the devastating effect of the unhealthy educational system of children refugees on the society
The technology-based education system is important for the future development of any education system. If in the present time the refugee children are not educated properly in future they will be considered as the citizens with lack of capabilities and knowledge about the Technologies. The education system will grow with the involvement of technology and digitalization. For that reason, it is important that the government should include such an education system that will match both the cultures of the students. Some initial steps like less violence, proper education, distribution of food, clothes, shelter which inquiry is the children to show more interest in learning. Otherwise, it is very difficult to increase the interest of the school dropout Refugee child of Rohingya in Bangladesh. For that reason, to protect the society from destruction, with a strong education system for the Rohingya Refugee children. The more dropout rates will increase, the society will be effect more strongly for which in the research proposal the identification of the mitigation process has been indicated.
2.9 Inquiry-Based Learning Model
Figure: Inquiry-Based Learning Model
(Source: Husni, 2020)
The Inquiry-based learning model has five parts depending on which the total model has been generated: ask, investigate, create, discuss and reflect. Husni, (2020) explains that real-world experience can be obtained with inquiry-based learning because this promotes the learning process after gathering knowledge about present experience. In the first place, the experts will ask about the requirements of the Rohingya Refugee children’s education system after analysing the data collected with the data collection process. The next part is an investigation of the essential requirements that help to create a proper education system for Rohingya Refugee children. Lastly, discussion about the advantages and disadvantages and the reflection of success among the children’s development is the main purpose of the Inquiry-based learning model.
The appropriateness of the inquiry-based model can only be identified after the results can be obtained by the appliers. For that reason, this research proposal has taken this inquiry-based model because not only it has a high chance of being successful but also it has not been charged with the real-world data and information for making the process of child education system. Rohingya Refugee children’s education will follow this model for the betterment of the research.
2.10 Dependency Theory
Figure: Dependency Theory
(Source: Antunes de Oliveira, 2021)
The Rohingya refugee children can have proper education facilities and opportunities depending on the dependency theory. The theory has worked in three segments that are core, semi-periphery, and periphery. The dependency theory is applicable for exchanging labour raw materials to the different 3 parts that are the pillar of a government system. In the case of the educational prosperity of Rohingya Refugee children, this dependency theory is also helpful but here the three sections are denoted as three different segments. Antunes de Oliveira, (2021) stated that the core is denoted as the Rohingya Refugees Children‘s trainers or the education staff, semi-periphery is the native education structure, and Rohingya Refugees Children, and the native children of Bangladesh and the Periphery is the total modified education system.
The education system has provided the raw knowledge and conception about all the learning subjects to the core participants. After this, the participants enhance the knowledge of the semi-periphery participants. Without proper knowledge about the concepts and information, the children cannot make the modified education system in the future that not only helps the refugee children but also the native students also. According to Kaysel and Mussi, (2021) this dependence of all the segments of the education system not only mobilizes the defective parts but also includes such a process that mitigates all the problems occurring in giving Refugee children education.
2.11 Expected outcomes
The vital areas that will be included in the expected outcomes have been elaborately analysed in the research proposal. The Rohingya refugee children are suffering from several educational crises for some years. For that reason, in this assessment affected areas have been indicated for better policies. The particular evidence which is found after analysing the common issues of refugees at the time of migrating helps to build up the initial knowledge about the Rohingya refugee. After this, the accurate issues of Rohingya refugees regarding educational factors have also been included because in these particular areas all the mitigation activities will take place. It has been expected that a theoretical analysis will help to make the idea clearer and more sustainable. The dependency theory has been taken in this section because of its unique 3-layer development process which is interrelated.
3. Methodology
3.1 Research online
Figure 1: Research online
(Source: Abdul et al. 2020)
Research onion is considered as the visual representation of the layers of research methodology that includes research approach philosophy Research Design techniques and strategies of collecting data and the timetable for doing perfect research work. Abdul et al. (2020) said that Research onion is capable of describing the connection between techniques and the metal methodology for or executing a perfect research work. Each and every layer of research onion reflects the factors that help to describe a methodology properly to get a more appropriate execution of overall thinking. It can be said that research onion is the core of executive research methodology properly on a particular research topic.
3.2 Research approach
Figure 2: Deductive Research approach
(Source: Grinchenko and Shchapova. 2020)
The research approach is considered as a perfect plan to mitigate all types of restrictions based on the research problems that have been addressed before. According to Joshi et al. (2020), it can be said that a research approach is a procedure and plan which consists of the data collection procedure interpretation of the process and analysis. Deodar to the type of research approaches like Inductive approach and Deductive approach. Qualitative data analysis person due is related to the inductive research approach on the other hand the directive research approach is interconnected with the Quantitative analysis procedure.
The Inductive research approach strongly lies in establishing the probability of the selected research topic. By this research approach, it would be easier for the researcher to analyze the probability of the refugee children from Rohingya who are going to be educated in Bangladesh. It is the strong point of including an inductive approach in the research work because when a researcher gets the probability or possibility of fulfilling the research work it makes the particular research approach more popular among all. Also, the researcher can easily provide the result in a short time. Ditlmann, and Kopf-Beck (2019) explains that another strength of the inductive research approach is that this particular research approach allows the researcher to be wrong. Also, an inductive research approach can be used in many ways to complete the research work. But after all these strengths there are some limitations of using an inductive research approach that this particular research approach is limited. When a researcher faces A limited variety of observing search topics which make the results are limited and sometimes the results are incorrect. When researchers see only some aspects of the research topic like improving the education system of the refugee children in Bangladesh in wrong results. For example, when a researcher analyzes a research topic from one angle the researcher thinks the conclusion that is provided by the researcher is the ultimate but for these reasons, the conclusions can be wrong sometimes. For this reason, the inductive research approach has not been taken to complete this research work.
On the other hand, the Deductive approach has some problems like less involvement of the candidate is the main problem of the deductive approach. Also, the candidates need to struggle a lot to understand the core concept of the research topic for this reason the candidates feel less involved to understand and take steps to complete the research work. For the less understanding approach, the young people did not want to join in this type of research approach in research work. Also, it is quite difficult for young learners to understand the main concept of the selected research topic. There are some integers of the deductive research approach for which makes the detective research approach more acceptable among the researchers. Grinchenko, and Shchapova. (2020) said that the deductive approach efficiently measures the causal relationship of the variables and the concept of the selected research topic. Also, by this research approved the researcher can get generalized findings to provide a more appropriate conclusion about the research topic. Also, the deductive approach is a time-saving research approach that makes it more popular among researchers. That’s why the Deductive research approach has been taken to fulfill the research work and get a more appropriate and exact value of the conclusion about the research topic.
3.3 Research Philosophy
Figure 3: Research philosophy
(Source: Created by the learner)
The way of collecting data and gathering information in recent phenomena is called research philosophy. Collins et al. (2021) said that the involvement of a healthy and unnecessary topic in the research work makes the research process complicated. That’s why proper planning is the most required thing in completing research work. It can be said that it is the planning process that needs to be followed in completing research work. It has three segments like Interpretivism research philosophy, Positivism research philosophy, and lastly the Realism research philosophy.
In the case of positivism research philosophy, it can be said that the main advantage of this research philosophy is a well-structured style of research philosophy during the study. A well-structured and balanced type of research philosophy can be helpful to fulfill the research work but there are some limitations like in flexibility of research philosophy. It can be said that positivism research philosophy is capable of calculating and measuring all kinds of data from the inclusion but the less flexibility of these research philosophies sometimes makes the outcomes wrong (John, 2020). For this flexibility in research philosophy, this Positivism research philosophy has not been taken to complete the research work.
On the other hand, the Realism research philosophy provides advantages like emphasizing the practical and fundamental knowledge of the researchers to maintain the authenticity of the research work. This particular research philosophy tribe allows the research to use technical and scientific ways to gather information about the research topic. Cardani and Tamborini, (2017) mentioned that using scientific and technical ways to collect information makes the information more authentic than the other ways of collecting data. There are some limitations also which draw the research to deduct this particular research philosophy from the research work. Really some research philosophies only believe in the scientific way which sometimes creates problems in the research work. For days technicality there is no place to believe in emotion. For this reason, really the research philosophy has not been followed to complete the research work.
In the case of Interpretivism research philosophy, it can be said that this particular research philosophy is totally based on the idea that the researcher plays an important role in any kind of research work. It has been observed that interpretivism research philosophy sometimes loses its liability which creates problems in the research work. Also, the lack of representation of the collecting data is the main drawback of interpretivism research Philosophy. After all the disadvantages interpretivism research philosophy is the most appropriate research philosophy in completing this research work that is based on the topic of the current situation of the educational system of the Rohingya refugee children in Bangladesh. The reason for selecting this research philosophy is it is related to the qualitative data which is the core of this research topic (Ryan, 2018). Also, the validity of the outcomes through this research philosophy is more than the other kind of research philosophy style and this particular research philosophy is capable enough to build the report in the presence of all the candidates who are related to the research work. It can be said that interpretivism research philosophy makes the unity in the researchers which makes the research work more authentic and the results are appropriate to submit. For this reason, interpretivism research philosophy has been followed to complete the research work.
3.4 Research design
Figure 4: Exploratory Research design
(Source: Jain and Tiwari, 2020)
Research Design is considered to have an overall strategy to complete the research work with efficiency. Also, this strategy includes the required steps in every component of research work. Also, the segmentation of the important steps is done in a logical way. According to Rahi et al. (2020), it can be said that Research Design is mainly a way of segmenting important steps and decisions in different segments in a logical way. It has three types like Exploratory Research Design, Explanatory Research Design, and Descriptive Research Design.
Explanatory Research Design is considered as a mitigation process of every problem that arises in the research work. The main reason for arising this kind of problem in the research work is less research before making any step. In the case of Explanatory Research Design, it can be said that this particular research design is useful to remove all the problems of the research work and also improve the understanding of the troubles (Asad et al. 2019). For this reason, explanatory Research Design has not been taken to fulfill the research work.
The descriptive research design process is the way to transform the raw data into such a figure which is easy to understand. This kind of Research Design can easily describe the data and also summarize points of data which are important to provide an exact conclusion. Atmowardoyo, (2018) said that there are some limitations in the case of descriptive research design that divert the concentration of the researcher from this particular research design. This particular Research Design name descriptive Research Design cannot the problems that are faced by the researcher in the research work statistically. For this reason, sometimes the result that is provided by the research at the end of research work is biased for the absence of statistical verification. Providing wrong data is not a desired case for the researchers that’s why Research Design has not been taken to complete the research work further.
On the other hand, Exploratory Research Design has been considered the most appropriate Research Design in completing the research work as it is capable of identifying the recent problems of research work with a clear definition. The main strength of the research work is that researchers can easily identify the problems first by these research designs and then hypotheses can be created by this Research Design and then the researchers can go for further research work (Jain and Tiwari, 2020). This step-by-step process makes the research work easier for the researchers. On the other hand, the reason for the popularity of the research is that this particular Research Design is low-cost, open-ended, and interactive. For all the advantages exploratory Research Design has been taken to complete the research work.
3.5 Research method
Figure 5: Research method
(Source: Created by the learner)
The concept of research method is mainly the idea of the research technique and the strategies that help to complete a research work properly. The variables of the research method can help to maintain the accuracy of the research methodology that took place in the research work. The type of research method that can be used to complete the research work such as quantitative research method and qualitative research method. The qualitative research method provides the outcomes associated with the non-statistical data and the languages will on the other hand have a quantitative research method that follows the statistical data. Quantitative research methods provide a huge amount of data which helps to statistically evaluate the information properly. Also, quantitative research methods boost up the research work and the researchers can quickly finish research work. For completing this particular research topic, a quantitative research method has been chosen so that values that are provided can be measured statistically.
3.6 Data collection process
Figure 6: Data collection process
(Source: Created by the learner)
The main concept of the data collection process is the way which is followed to collect the information from the samples. In that case, there are two types of data collection processes that are generally used during the information gathering process (Laudan et al. 2017). The primary data indicate two types of process like survey and interview which are fulfilled with the help of some samples. On the other hand, secondary data collection processes are followed by using the information from various books, journals, articles, and websites as well. In this particular topic of the current education system of the Rohingya refugee children in Bangladesh, the Primary Quantitative and the Secondary data collection procedure both are used. The primary qualitative data collection procedure is mainly the survey of that particular topic in the refugee camp and also in the other area (Gundry and Deterding. 2019). After gathering the results from the primary qualitative data collection process, it is easy for the researcher to measure statistical e the recent situation of the refugee children education in Bangladesh. On the other hand, the Secondary data collection process is helpful because the researcher can get an idea of what the education system of the diffusion children should look like. Mahundi et al. (2018) mentioned that a secondary data collection process is also helpful to provide the overall view of the research topic to the researchers. For this reason, primary quantitative and secondary data collection procedure has been followed to fulfill the research work.
3.7 Data sampling technique
The sampling technique is mainly the way to collect important information from a huge number of samples. Etikan and Bala, (2017) said that to complete this step the researcher made a survey in the diffuser camp of Bangladesh where the Rohingya refugee children are taking place. A huge number of samples are taken to complete the survey process of this research work. There are some questions that are asked in the refugee camp area to complete the survey. The questions are:
- Do you think the Rohingya refugee children can easily accept the native education system of Bangladesh?
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
- Do you think that refugee children who follow Rohingya culture can match the culture of Bangladesh?
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
- Do you think the refugees from Rohingya can get that opportunity to practice the Rohingyas culture in Bangladesh?
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
- Do you think the future modified version of the education system can help refugee children to make the future brighter?
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
3.8 Ethical consideration
Ethical consideration is mainly the acknowledgment by the research that the research work has been completed successfully without any pressurizing the sample. The researcher shows that the identity of all the participants is kept secret and also the participants are not pressurized to take part in this survey. Vincent, (2018) explains that the participants have the opportunity to remove their names from the survey whenever the participant wants. It is ensured by the participants that the information that is provided in this survey is not going to be used for any other purpose. It can be said that the researcher can easily verify the information and keep the information secret as well.
3.9 Time table
| Activities | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 |
| Selection of topic | ||||||||||
| The setting of aims and objective | ||||||||||
| Identification of problem statement | ||||||||||
| Discussion on literature review | ||||||||||
| Selection of methods | ||||||||||
| Identification of the limitations | ||||||||||
| Final submission |
Table: Gantt chart
(Source: Created by the learner)
3.10 Research limitations
This particular research work has been done with the help of some key steps which are the main essential thing for research work. The researchers get less time to examine the information properly and provide a satisfactory conclusion. According to Theofanidis and Fountouki, (2018) it can be said that the time period is the main problem for which the limited sample has been chosen. From the perspective of the researchers, it can be said that the execution of the research work is not satisfactory up to the mark for which the conclusion is not that acceptable. But the researcher tried to provide the best work that can be given by the researcher and try to provide the maximum work to the readers.
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